Are the effects of dietary lipid content in grazing beef cattle independent of the amount of concentrate supplement?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n2p827Palabras clave:
Grain, Pasture, Whole soybean, Supplementation.Resumen
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of levels of concentrate supplement and dietary lipids on the nutritional characteristics, metabolic parameters, and performance of Nellore bulls grazing tropical pasture. Twenty-seven Nellore bulls were allotted to 2 × 2 completely randomized factorial design with two levels of supplementation and two levels of dietary lipids. The concentrate supplement was fed at 4 g kg-1 BW (low supplementation) and 8 g kg-1 BW (high supplementation), whereas the dietary lipid content was 28 g of ether extract (EE) g-1 on a dry matter basis (DM) (low-lipid diet) and 42 g EE kg-1 DM (high-lipid diet). There was no interaction between the level of concentrate supplement and dietary lipid content on all studied variables. High levels of supplementation led to shorter grazing time and reduced forage dry matter intake (DMF). On the other hand, the DM intake increased with increasing levels of concentrate supplement, with no significant effects on DM digestibility. The dietary lipid content did not affect forage and DM intakes. However, the digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were lowest in high-lipid diets. Bulls receiving high levels of supplementation had higher average daily gains than low-supplemented animals. Neither the amount of concentrate supplement nor the dietary lipid content affected the hot carcass yield and carcass weight. Carcass fat deposition was greater in bulls fed high-lipid diets than in animals receiving low-lipid diets. The effects of the level of concentrate supplement and dietary lipid content on the nutritional characteristics and performance of grazing beef cattle are independent. Concentrate supplementation at 8 g kg-1 BW increases cattle performance but decreases forage utilization. Diets containing 42 g EE kg-1 DM reduces the digestibility of dry matter and fiber fractions, but increases backfat thickness.Citas
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Barbosa, A. M., Valadares, R. F. D., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Pina, D. S., Detmann, E., & Leão, M. I. (2011). Endogenous fraction and urinary recovery of purine derivatives obtained by different methods in Nellore cattle1. Journal of Animal Science, 89(2), 510-519. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2366
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Brokaw, L., Hess, B. W., & Rule, D. C. (2001). Supplemental soybean oil or corn for beef heifers grazing summer pasture: effects on forage intake, ruminal fermentation, and site and extent of digestion. Journal of Animal Science, 79(10), 2704-2712. doi: 10.2527/2001.79102704x
Carvalho, I. P. C. de, Detmann, E., Mantovani, H. C., Paulino, M. F., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Costa, V. A. C., & Gomes, D. I. (2011). Growth and antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria from rumen fluid according to energy or nitrogen source. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(6), 1260-1265. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000600014
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Carvalho, I. P. C. de, Fiorentini, G., Castagnino, P. S., Jesus, R. B., Messana, J. D., Granja-Salcedo, Y. T.,... Berchielli, T. T. (2017). Supplementation with lipid sources alters the ruminal fermentation and duodenal flow of fatty acids in grazing Nellore steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 227(16), 142-153. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.02.017
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Jordan, E., Kenny, D., Hawkins, M., Malone, R., Lovett, D. K., & O’Mara, F. P. (2006). Effect of refined soy oil or whole soybeans on intake, methane output, and performance of young bulls. Journal of Animal Science, 84(9), 2418-2425. doi: 10.2527/jas.2005-354
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Oliveira, A. P., Casagrande, D. R., Bertipaglia, L. M. A., Barbero, R. P., Berchielli, T. T., Ruggieri, A. C., & Reis, R. A. (2016). Supplementation for beef cattle on Marandu grass pastures with different herbage allowances. Animal Production Science, 56(1), 123-129. doi: 10.1071/AN14636
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Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990). Official methods of analysis (5nd ed.). Washington: AOAC.
Barbosa, A. M., Valadares, R. F. D., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Pina, D. S., Detmann, E., & Leão, M. I. (2011). Endogenous fraction and urinary recovery of purine derivatives obtained by different methods in Nellore cattle1. Journal of Animal Science, 89(2), 510-519. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2366
Bassi, M. S., Ladeira, M. M., Chizzotti, M. L., Chizzotti, F. H. M., Oliveira, D. M., Machado, O. R., Neto,... Nogueira, Á. A., Neto. (2012). Grãos de oleaginosas na alimentação de novilhos zebuínos: consumo, digestibilidade e desempenho. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(2), 353-359. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000200018
Brokaw, L., Hess, B. W., & Rule, D. C. (2001). Supplemental soybean oil or corn for beef heifers grazing summer pasture: effects on forage intake, ruminal fermentation, and site and extent of digestion. Journal of Animal Science, 79(10), 2704-2712. doi: 10.2527/2001.79102704x
Carvalho, I. P. C. de, Detmann, E., Mantovani, H. C., Paulino, M. F., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Costa, V. A. C., & Gomes, D. I. (2011). Growth and antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria from rumen fluid according to energy or nitrogen source. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(6), 1260-1265. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000600014
Carvalho, I. P. C. de, Fiorentini, G., Berndt, A., Castagnino, P. S., Messana, J. D., Frighetto, R. T. S.,... Berchielli, T. T. (2016). Performance and methane emissions of Nellore steers grazing tropical pasture supplemented with lipid sources. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 45(12), 760-767. doi: 10.1590/S1806-92902016001200005
Carvalho, I. P. C. de, Fiorentini, G., Castagnino, P. S., Jesus, R. B., Messana, J. D., Granja-Salcedo, Y. T.,... Berchielli, T. T. (2017). Supplementation with lipid sources alters the ruminal fermentation and duodenal flow of fatty acids in grazing Nellore steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 227(16), 142-153. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.02.017
Chaney, A. L., & Marbach, E. P. (1962). Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clinical Chemistry, 8(2), 130-132. doi: 10.1021/AC60252A045
Demeyer, D. I., & Van Nevel, C. J. (1995). Transformations and effects of lipids in the rumen: three decades of research at Gent University. Archiv Für Tierernährung, 48(1-2), 119-134. doi: 10.1080/17450399509 381834
Detmann, E., Valente, É. E., Batista, E. D., & Huhtanen, P. (2014). An evaluation of the performance and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical grass pastures with supplementation. Livestock Science, 162(1), 141-153. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.029
Doreau, M., & Ferlay, A. (1994). Digestion and utilisation of fatty acids by ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 45(3-4), 379-396. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(94)90039-6
Felix, E. P., & Cardoso, A. A. (2004). Amônia (NH3) atmosférica: fontes, transformação, sorvedouros e métodos de análise. Quimica Nova, 27(1), 123-130. doi: 10.1590/S0100-40422004000100022
Felton, E. E. D., & Kerley, M. S. (2004). Performance and carcass quality of steers fed whole raw soybeans at increasing inclusion levels. Journal of Animal Science, 82(3), 725-732. doi: 10.2527/2004.823725x
Figueiras, J. F., Detmann, E., Paulino, M. F., Valente, T. N. P., Valadares, S. D. C., Fº., & Lazzarini, I. (2010). Consumo e digestibilidade em bovinos em pastejo durante o período seco recebendo suplementação com compostos nitrogenados. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(6), 1303-1312. doi: 10.1590/S1516-3598 2011000800024
Fiorentini, G., Santana, M. C. A., Sampaio, A. A. M., Reis, R. A., Ribeiro, A. F., & Berchielli, T. T. (2012). Intake and performance of confined crossbred heifers fed different lipid sources. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(6), 1490-1498. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000600025
George, S. K., Dipu, M. T., Mehra, U. R., Singh, P., Verma, A. K., & Ramgaokar, J. S. (2006). Improved HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of allantoin, uric acid and creatinine in cattle urine. Journal of Chromatography B, 832(1), 134-137. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.10.051
Hall, K. L., Goetsch, A. L., Landis, K. M., Forster, L. A., & Brake, A. C. (1990). Effects of a fat and ground maize supplement on feed intake and digestion by cattle consuming bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon). Animal Feed Science and Technology, 30(3-4), 275-288. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(90)90018-4
Jenkins, T. (1993). Symposium: advances in ruminant lipid metabolism lipid metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science, 76(12), 3851-3863. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77727-9
Jenkins, T. C., & Bridges, W. C. (2007). Protection of fatty acids against ruminal biohydrogenation in cattle. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 109(8), 778-789. doi: 10.1002/ejlt.200700022
Jordan, E., Kenny, D., Hawkins, M., Malone, R., Lovett, D. K., & O’Mara, F. P. (2006). Effect of refined soy oil or whole soybeans on intake, methane output, and performance of young bulls. Journal of Animal Science, 84(9), 2418-2425. doi: 10.2527/jas.2005-354
Kairenius, P., Leskinen, H., Toivonen, V., Muetzel, S., Ahvenjärvi, S., Vanhatalo, A.,… Shingfield, K. J. (2018). Effect of dietary fish oil supplements alone or in combination with sunflower and linseed oil on ruminal lipid metabolism and bacterial populations in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(4), 3021-3035. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13776
Lazzarini, Í., Detmann, E., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Paulino, M. F., Batista, E. D., Rufino, L. M. A.,… Franco, M. O. (2016). Nutritional performance of cattle grazing during rainy season with nitrogen and starch supplementation. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 29(8), 1120-1128. doi: 10.5713/ajas. 15.0514
Lima, E. D. S., Valente, T. N. P., Roca, R. D. O., Cezario, A. S., Santos, W. B. R., Deminicis, B. B., & Ribeiro, J. C. (2017). Effect of whole cottonseed or protected fat dietary additives on carcass characteristics and meat quality of beef cattle: a review. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(5), 175. doi: 10.5539/jas.v9n5 p175
Mendes, F. B. L., Silva, R. R., Carvalho, G. G. P., Silva, F. F. da, Lins, T. O. J. D. A., Silva, A. L. N.,... Guimarães, J. O. (2015). Ingestive behavior of grazing steers fed increasing levels of concentrate supplementation with different crude protein contents. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 47(2), 423-428. doi: 10.1007/s11250-014-0741-z
Menezes, B. B., Fernandes, H. J., Morais, M. G., Rosa, E. P., Souza, A. R. D. L., Feijó, G. L. D., & Franco, G. L. (2019). Carcass traits and meat quality of steers on pasture submitted to different dietary supplementation. Semina: Ciencias Agrarias, 40(6), 2693-2704. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6p2 693
Mertens, D. R. (2002). Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International, 85(6), 1217-1240.
Messana, J. D., Berchielli, T. T., Arcuri, P. B., Reis, R. A., Canesin, R. C., Ribeiro, A. F.,... Fernandes, J. J. R. (2013). Rumen fermentation and rumen microbes in Nellore steers receiving diets with different lipid contents. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 42(3), 204-212. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982013000300008
Messana, J. D., Canesin, R. C., Fiorentini, G., Reis, R. A., Arcuri, P. B., & Berchielli, T. T. (2014). Intake, performance and estimated methane production of Nellore steers fed soybean grain. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 43(12), 662-669. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982014001200006
Myers, W. D., Ludden, P. A., Nayigihugu, V., & Hess, B. W. (2004). Technical note: a procedure for the preparation and quantitative analysis of samples for titanium dioxide. Journal of Animal Science, 82(1), 179-183. doi: 10.2527/2004.821179x
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2021-02-24
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Damasceno, M. L., Valente, E. E. L., Barbizan, M., Lopes, S. A., & Carvalho, S. T. (2021). Are the effects of dietary lipid content in grazing beef cattle independent of the amount of concentrate supplement?. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(2), 827–844. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n2p827
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