Are the effects of dietary lipid content in grazing beef cattle independent of the amount of concentrate supplement?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n2p827Keywords:
Grain, Pasture, Whole soybean, Supplementation.Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of levels of concentrate supplement and dietary lipids on the nutritional characteristics, metabolic parameters, and performance of Nellore bulls grazing tropical pasture. Twenty-seven Nellore bulls were allotted to 2 × 2 completely randomized factorial design with two levels of supplementation and two levels of dietary lipids. The concentrate supplement was fed at 4 g kg-1 BW (low supplementation) and 8 g kg-1 BW (high supplementation), whereas the dietary lipid content was 28 g of ether extract (EE) g-1 on a dry matter basis (DM) (low-lipid diet) and 42 g EE kg-1 DM (high-lipid diet). There was no interaction between the level of concentrate supplement and dietary lipid content on all studied variables. High levels of supplementation led to shorter grazing time and reduced forage dry matter intake (DMF). On the other hand, the DM intake increased with increasing levels of concentrate supplement, with no significant effects on DM digestibility. The dietary lipid content did not affect forage and DM intakes. However, the digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were lowest in high-lipid diets. Bulls receiving high levels of supplementation had higher average daily gains than low-supplemented animals. Neither the amount of concentrate supplement nor the dietary lipid content affected the hot carcass yield and carcass weight. Carcass fat deposition was greater in bulls fed high-lipid diets than in animals receiving low-lipid diets. The effects of the level of concentrate supplement and dietary lipid content on the nutritional characteristics and performance of grazing beef cattle are independent. Concentrate supplementation at 8 g kg-1 BW increases cattle performance but decreases forage utilization. Diets containing 42 g EE kg-1 DM reduces the digestibility of dry matter and fiber fractions, but increases backfat thickness.Downloads
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References
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Barbosa, A. M., Valadares, R. F. D., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Pina, D. S., Detmann, E., & Leão, M. I. (2011). Endogenous fraction and urinary recovery of purine derivatives obtained by different methods in Nellore cattle1. Journal of Animal Science, 89(2), 510-519. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2366
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Chaney, A. L., & Marbach, E. P. (1962). Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clinical Chemistry, 8(2), 130-132. doi: 10.1021/AC60252A045
Demeyer, D. I., & Van Nevel, C. J. (1995). Transformations and effects of lipids in the rumen: three decades of research at Gent University. Archiv Für Tierernährung, 48(1-2), 119-134. doi: 10.1080/17450399509 381834
Detmann, E., Valente, É. E., Batista, E. D., & Huhtanen, P. (2014). An evaluation of the performance and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical grass pastures with supplementation. Livestock Science, 162(1), 141-153. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.029
Doreau, M., & Ferlay, A. (1994). Digestion and utilisation of fatty acids by ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 45(3-4), 379-396. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(94)90039-6
Felix, E. P., & Cardoso, A. A. (2004). Amônia (NH3) atmosférica: fontes, transformação, sorvedouros e métodos de análise. Quimica Nova, 27(1), 123-130. doi: 10.1590/S0100-40422004000100022
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Hall, K. L., Goetsch, A. L., Landis, K. M., Forster, L. A., & Brake, A. C. (1990). Effects of a fat and ground maize supplement on feed intake and digestion by cattle consuming bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon). Animal Feed Science and Technology, 30(3-4), 275-288. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(90)90018-4
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Jenkins, T. C., & Bridges, W. C. (2007). Protection of fatty acids against ruminal biohydrogenation in cattle. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 109(8), 778-789. doi: 10.1002/ejlt.200700022
Jordan, E., Kenny, D., Hawkins, M., Malone, R., Lovett, D. K., & O’Mara, F. P. (2006). Effect of refined soy oil or whole soybeans on intake, methane output, and performance of young bulls. Journal of Animal Science, 84(9), 2418-2425. doi: 10.2527/jas.2005-354
Kairenius, P., Leskinen, H., Toivonen, V., Muetzel, S., Ahvenjärvi, S., Vanhatalo, A.,… Shingfield, K. J. (2018). Effect of dietary fish oil supplements alone or in combination with sunflower and linseed oil on ruminal lipid metabolism and bacterial populations in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(4), 3021-3035. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13776
Lazzarini, Í., Detmann, E., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Paulino, M. F., Batista, E. D., Rufino, L. M. A.,… Franco, M. O. (2016). Nutritional performance of cattle grazing during rainy season with nitrogen and starch supplementation. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 29(8), 1120-1128. doi: 10.5713/ajas. 15.0514
Lima, E. D. S., Valente, T. N. P., Roca, R. D. O., Cezario, A. S., Santos, W. B. R., Deminicis, B. B., & Ribeiro, J. C. (2017). Effect of whole cottonseed or protected fat dietary additives on carcass characteristics and meat quality of beef cattle: a review. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(5), 175. doi: 10.5539/jas.v9n5 p175
Mendes, F. B. L., Silva, R. R., Carvalho, G. G. P., Silva, F. F. da, Lins, T. O. J. D. A., Silva, A. L. N.,... Guimarães, J. O. (2015). Ingestive behavior of grazing steers fed increasing levels of concentrate supplementation with different crude protein contents. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 47(2), 423-428. doi: 10.1007/s11250-014-0741-z
Menezes, B. B., Fernandes, H. J., Morais, M. G., Rosa, E. P., Souza, A. R. D. L., Feijó, G. L. D., & Franco, G. L. (2019). Carcass traits and meat quality of steers on pasture submitted to different dietary supplementation. Semina: Ciencias Agrarias, 40(6), 2693-2704. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6p2 693
Mertens, D. R. (2002). Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International, 85(6), 1217-1240.
Messana, J. D., Berchielli, T. T., Arcuri, P. B., Reis, R. A., Canesin, R. C., Ribeiro, A. F.,... Fernandes, J. J. R. (2013). Rumen fermentation and rumen microbes in Nellore steers receiving diets with different lipid contents. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 42(3), 204-212. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982013000300008
Messana, J. D., Canesin, R. C., Fiorentini, G., Reis, R. A., Arcuri, P. B., & Berchielli, T. T. (2014). Intake, performance and estimated methane production of Nellore steers fed soybean grain. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 43(12), 662-669. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982014001200006
Myers, W. D., Ludden, P. A., Nayigihugu, V., & Hess, B. W. (2004). Technical note: a procedure for the preparation and quantitative analysis of samples for titanium dioxide. Journal of Animal Science, 82(1), 179-183. doi: 10.2527/2004.821179x
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2021-02-24
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Damasceno, M. L., Valente, E. E. L., Barbizan, M., Lopes, S. A., & Carvalho, S. T. (2021). Are the effects of dietary lipid content in grazing beef cattle independent of the amount of concentrate supplement?. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(2), 827–844. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n2p827
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