Effects of including autolyzed yeast in the finishing of feedlot steers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2471Keywords:
Carcass finishing, Digestibility, Food additive, Prebiotics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Abstract
Functional additives, such as autolyzed yeasts, have been used to achieve greater production efficiency and animal health. These compounds are also alternatives to the use of performance-enhancing antimicrobials. The objective was to evaluate the productive performance, ingestive behavior, apparent digestibility of feed DM and the carcass characteristics of beef steers finished in feedlot receiving autolyzed yeasts in the diet. The experimental design was randomized blocks, consisting of three treatments and six repetitions, where each repetition was represented by a stall with two animals. 36 bulls, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore blood, from the same herd, with an average age of 11 months and an average body weight of ± 330 kg were used. The treatments were as follows: CON - yeast-free diet; Y4 - yeast diet (4 g animal day-1) and Y7 - yeast diet (7 g animal day-1). The product used is a functional ingredient containing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inclusion of autolyzed yeasts resulted in greater daily body weight gain and better feed conversion in the initial feedlot phase. The apparent digestibility of DM of diets containing autolyzed yeast was superior to the control diet, and its use did not interfere with the animal ingestive behavior. Supplementation with autolyzed yeasts at the inclusion level of 4 g day-1 promoted better results in the finishing of feedlot steers, and that the supplemented groups (4 g animal day-1 and 7 g animal day-1) achieved the same degree of carcass finishing, higher than the control group.References
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Freitas, H. S., Alcalde, C. R., Lima, L. S. de, Zeoula, L. M., Costa, L. S. E. da, & Lima, L. R. de. (2011). Digestibilidade total e balanço de nitrogênio em cabritos recebendo rações contendo levedura seca. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 33(3), 281-286. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v33i3.10175
Frizzo, L. S., Soto, L. P., Bertozzi, E., Zbrun, M. V., Signorini, M. L., Sequeira, G.,... Rosmini, M. R. (2011). Intestinal populations of Lactobacilli and coliforms after in vivo Salmonella dublin challenge and their relationship with microbial translocation in calves supplemented with lactic acid bacteria and lactose. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 170(1-2), 12-20. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.07.016
Fuller, R. (1989). Probióticos no homem e nos animais. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 66(5), 365-378.
Gifford, C. A., Holland, B. P., Mills, R. L., Maxwell, C. L., Farney, J. K., Terrill, S. J.,… Krehbiel, C. R. (2012). Growth and development symposium: impacts of inflammation on cattle growth and carcass merit. Journal of Animal Science, 90(5), 1438-1451. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4846
Goering, H. K., & Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage fiber analysis: apparatus reagents, procedures and some applications. Washington: Agricultural Handbook, D.C.
Hassan, H. M. (2011). Antioxidant and immunostimulating activities of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) autolysates. World Applied Sciences Journal, 15(8), 1110-1119.
Kumar, D. S., Prasad, C. S., & Prasad, R. M. V. (2013). Effect of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal microbial population in buffalo bulls. Buffalo Bulletin, 32(2), 116-119. Recovered from http:// ibic.lib.ku.ac.th/e-Bulletin/32-2.pdf#page=50
López-Soto, M. A., Valdés-García, Y. S., Plascencia, A., Barreras, A., Castro-Perez, B. I., Estrada-Angulo, A.,… Zinn, R. A. (2013). Influence of feeding live yeast on microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility in steers fed a steam-flaked corn-based diet. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A–Animal Science, 63(1), 39-46. doi: 10.1080/09064702.2013.779744
Mao, H. L., Mao, H. L., Wang, J. K., Liu, J. X., & Yoon, I. (2013). Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on in vitro fermentation and microbial communities of low-quality forages and mixed diets. Journal of Animal Science, 91(7), 3291-3298. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012 -5851
Mattila-Sandholm, T., Myllärinen, P., Crittenden, R., Mogensen, G., Fondén, R., & Saarela, M. (2002). Technological challenges for future probiotic foods. International Dairy Journal, 12(2-3), 173-182. doi: 10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00099-1
Morrison, S. J., Dawson, S., & Carson, A. F. (2010). The effects of mannan oligosaccharide and Streptococcus faecium addition to milk replacer on calf health and performance. Livestock Science, 131(2-3), 292-296. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.04.002
Muller, L. (1987). Normas para avaliação de carcaças e concurso de carcaça de novilhos. Santa Maria: UFSM.
Neubauer, V., Petri, R., Humer, E., Kröger, I., Mann, E., Reisinger, N.,... Zebeli, Q. (2018). High-grain diets supplemented with phytogenic compounds or autolyzed yeast modulate ruminal bacterial community and fermentation in dry cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(3), 2335-2349. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13565
Nocek, J. E., Holt, M. G., & Oppy, J. (2011). Effects of supplementation with yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on performance of early lactation dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(8), 4046-4056. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-4277
Phillip, Y. L., & Iskander, D. (2016). Effect of yeast autolysate feed additive on performance of suckling and growing Buffalo Calves. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production, 7(12), 439-446. doi: 10.21608/JAP PMU.2016.48753
Ponce, C. H., Schutz, J. S., Elrod, C. C., Anele, U. Y., & Galyean, M. L. (2012). Effects of dietary supplementation of a yeast product on performance and morbidity of newly received beef heifers. The Professional Animal Scientist, 28(6), 618-622. doi: 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30419-8
Pukrop, J. R., Brennan, K. M., Funnell, B. J., & Schoonmaker, J. P. (2018). Effect of a hydrolyzed mannan-and glucan-rich yeast fraction on performance and health status of newly received feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 96(9), 3955-3966. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky255
Salinas-Chavira, J., Arzola, C., González-Vizcarra, V., Manríquez-Núñez, O. M., Montaño-Gómez, M. F., Navarrete-Reyes, J. D.,… Zinn, R. A. (2015). Influence of feeding enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast cell wall on growth performance and digestive function of feedlot cattle during periods of elevated ambient temperature. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 28(9), 1288. doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0061
Santos, L. C. (2019). Níveis de complexo enzimático na dieta alimentar de novilhos confinados. Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, PR, Brasil. Recuperado de https://www2.unicentro.br/ppgvet/files/2019/03/Disserta%C3%A7%C3%A3o-LESLEI-CAROLINE-SANTOS.pdf?x26325
Statistical Analysis System Institute (1993). SAS language reference. Version 6. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
Sauer, N., Mosenthin, R., & Bauer, E. (2011). The role of dietary nucleotides in single-stomached animals. Nutrition Research Reviews, 24(1), 46-59. doi: 10.1017/S0954422410000326
Silva, D. J., & Queiroz, A. C. (2009). Análise de Alimentos, métodos químicos e biológicos. Viçosa, MG: Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Song, S. K., Beck, B. R., Kim, D., Park, J., Kim, J., Kim, H. D., & Ringø, E. (2014). Prebiotics as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 40(1), 40-48. doi: 10.1016/j. fsi.2014.06.016
Spring, P., Wenk, C., Connolly, A., & Kiers, A. (2015). A review of 733 published trials on Bio-Mos®, a mannan oligosaccharide, and Actigen®, a second generation mannose rich fraction, on farm and companion animals. Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition, 3, 1-11. doi: 10.1017/jan.2015.6
Tedesco, M. J., Gianello, C., Bissani, C. A., Bohnen, H., & Volkweiss, S. J. (1995). Análises de solo, plantas e outros materiais (Vol. 174). Porto Alegre: UFRGS.
Ungerfeld, E. M., & Forster, R. J. (2011). A meta-analysis of malate effects on methanogenesis in ruminal batch cultures. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 166(1), 282-290. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011. 04.018
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Symposium: carbohydrate methodology, metabolism, and nutritional implications in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Vetvicka, V., Vannucci, L., & Sima, P. (2014). The effects of β-glucan on pig growth and immunity. The Open Biochemistry Journal, 8(1), 89. doi: 10.2174/1874091X01408010089
Weiss, W. P., Conrad, H. R., & Pierre, N. S. (1992). A theoretically-based model for predicting total digestible nutrient values of forages and concentrates. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 39(1-2), 95-110. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(92)90034-4.
Young, T. R., Ribeiro, F. R. B., Sanchez, N. B., Carroll, J. A., Jennings, M. A., Cribbs, J. T.,… Johnson, B. J. (2017). Yeast cell wall supplementation alters the performance and health of beef heifers during the receiving period. The Professional Animal Scientist, 33(2), 166-175. doi: 10.15232/pas.2016-01511
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1995). Official methods of analysis (16nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: AOAC.
Broadway, P. R., Carroll, J. A., & Sanchez, N. C. B. (2015). Live yeast and yeast cell wall supplements enhance immune function and performance in food-producing livestock: a review. Microorganisms, 3(3), 417-427. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms3030417
Carro, M. D., López, S., Valdés, C., & Ovejero, F. J. (1999). Effect of DL-malate on mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Animal Feed Science and Technology, 79(4), 279-288. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00034-6
Freitas, H. S., Alcalde, C. R., Lima, L. S. de, Zeoula, L. M., Costa, L. S. E. da, & Lima, L. R. de. (2011). Digestibilidade total e balanço de nitrogênio em cabritos recebendo rações contendo levedura seca. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 33(3), 281-286. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v33i3.10175
Frizzo, L. S., Soto, L. P., Bertozzi, E., Zbrun, M. V., Signorini, M. L., Sequeira, G.,... Rosmini, M. R. (2011). Intestinal populations of Lactobacilli and coliforms after in vivo Salmonella dublin challenge and their relationship with microbial translocation in calves supplemented with lactic acid bacteria and lactose. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 170(1-2), 12-20. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.07.016
Fuller, R. (1989). Probióticos no homem e nos animais. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 66(5), 365-378.
Gifford, C. A., Holland, B. P., Mills, R. L., Maxwell, C. L., Farney, J. K., Terrill, S. J.,… Krehbiel, C. R. (2012). Growth and development symposium: impacts of inflammation on cattle growth and carcass merit. Journal of Animal Science, 90(5), 1438-1451. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4846
Goering, H. K., & Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage fiber analysis: apparatus reagents, procedures and some applications. Washington: Agricultural Handbook, D.C.
Hassan, H. M. (2011). Antioxidant and immunostimulating activities of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) autolysates. World Applied Sciences Journal, 15(8), 1110-1119.
Kumar, D. S., Prasad, C. S., & Prasad, R. M. V. (2013). Effect of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal microbial population in buffalo bulls. Buffalo Bulletin, 32(2), 116-119. Recovered from http:// ibic.lib.ku.ac.th/e-Bulletin/32-2.pdf#page=50
López-Soto, M. A., Valdés-García, Y. S., Plascencia, A., Barreras, A., Castro-Perez, B. I., Estrada-Angulo, A.,… Zinn, R. A. (2013). Influence of feeding live yeast on microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility in steers fed a steam-flaked corn-based diet. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A–Animal Science, 63(1), 39-46. doi: 10.1080/09064702.2013.779744
Mao, H. L., Mao, H. L., Wang, J. K., Liu, J. X., & Yoon, I. (2013). Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on in vitro fermentation and microbial communities of low-quality forages and mixed diets. Journal of Animal Science, 91(7), 3291-3298. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012 -5851
Mattila-Sandholm, T., Myllärinen, P., Crittenden, R., Mogensen, G., Fondén, R., & Saarela, M. (2002). Technological challenges for future probiotic foods. International Dairy Journal, 12(2-3), 173-182. doi: 10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00099-1
Morrison, S. J., Dawson, S., & Carson, A. F. (2010). The effects of mannan oligosaccharide and Streptococcus faecium addition to milk replacer on calf health and performance. Livestock Science, 131(2-3), 292-296. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.04.002
Muller, L. (1987). Normas para avaliação de carcaças e concurso de carcaça de novilhos. Santa Maria: UFSM.
Neubauer, V., Petri, R., Humer, E., Kröger, I., Mann, E., Reisinger, N.,... Zebeli, Q. (2018). High-grain diets supplemented with phytogenic compounds or autolyzed yeast modulate ruminal bacterial community and fermentation in dry cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(3), 2335-2349. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13565
Nocek, J. E., Holt, M. G., & Oppy, J. (2011). Effects of supplementation with yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on performance of early lactation dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(8), 4046-4056. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-4277
Phillip, Y. L., & Iskander, D. (2016). Effect of yeast autolysate feed additive on performance of suckling and growing Buffalo Calves. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production, 7(12), 439-446. doi: 10.21608/JAP PMU.2016.48753
Ponce, C. H., Schutz, J. S., Elrod, C. C., Anele, U. Y., & Galyean, M. L. (2012). Effects of dietary supplementation of a yeast product on performance and morbidity of newly received beef heifers. The Professional Animal Scientist, 28(6), 618-622. doi: 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30419-8
Pukrop, J. R., Brennan, K. M., Funnell, B. J., & Schoonmaker, J. P. (2018). Effect of a hydrolyzed mannan-and glucan-rich yeast fraction on performance and health status of newly received feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 96(9), 3955-3966. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky255
Salinas-Chavira, J., Arzola, C., González-Vizcarra, V., Manríquez-Núñez, O. M., Montaño-Gómez, M. F., Navarrete-Reyes, J. D.,… Zinn, R. A. (2015). Influence of feeding enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast cell wall on growth performance and digestive function of feedlot cattle during periods of elevated ambient temperature. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 28(9), 1288. doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0061
Santos, L. C. (2019). Níveis de complexo enzimático na dieta alimentar de novilhos confinados. Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, PR, Brasil. Recuperado de https://www2.unicentro.br/ppgvet/files/2019/03/Disserta%C3%A7%C3%A3o-LESLEI-CAROLINE-SANTOS.pdf?x26325
Statistical Analysis System Institute (1993). SAS language reference. Version 6. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
Sauer, N., Mosenthin, R., & Bauer, E. (2011). The role of dietary nucleotides in single-stomached animals. Nutrition Research Reviews, 24(1), 46-59. doi: 10.1017/S0954422410000326
Silva, D. J., & Queiroz, A. C. (2009). Análise de Alimentos, métodos químicos e biológicos. Viçosa, MG: Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Song, S. K., Beck, B. R., Kim, D., Park, J., Kim, J., Kim, H. D., & Ringø, E. (2014). Prebiotics as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 40(1), 40-48. doi: 10.1016/j. fsi.2014.06.016
Spring, P., Wenk, C., Connolly, A., & Kiers, A. (2015). A review of 733 published trials on Bio-Mos®, a mannan oligosaccharide, and Actigen®, a second generation mannose rich fraction, on farm and companion animals. Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition, 3, 1-11. doi: 10.1017/jan.2015.6
Tedesco, M. J., Gianello, C., Bissani, C. A., Bohnen, H., & Volkweiss, S. J. (1995). Análises de solo, plantas e outros materiais (Vol. 174). Porto Alegre: UFRGS.
Ungerfeld, E. M., & Forster, R. J. (2011). A meta-analysis of malate effects on methanogenesis in ruminal batch cultures. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 166(1), 282-290. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011. 04.018
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Symposium: carbohydrate methodology, metabolism, and nutritional implications in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Vetvicka, V., Vannucci, L., & Sima, P. (2014). The effects of β-glucan on pig growth and immunity. The Open Biochemistry Journal, 8(1), 89. doi: 10.2174/1874091X01408010089
Weiss, W. P., Conrad, H. R., & Pierre, N. S. (1992). A theoretically-based model for predicting total digestible nutrient values of forages and concentrates. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 39(1-2), 95-110. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(92)90034-4.
Young, T. R., Ribeiro, F. R. B., Sanchez, N. B., Carroll, J. A., Jennings, M. A., Cribbs, J. T.,… Johnson, B. J. (2017). Yeast cell wall supplementation alters the performance and health of beef heifers during the receiving period. The Professional Animal Scientist, 33(2), 166-175. doi: 10.15232/pas.2016-01511
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2021-05-20
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Pontarolo, G. B., Neumann, M., Cristo, F. B., Stadler Júnior, E. S., Souza, A. M. de, Machado, M. P., … Silva, M. R. H. da. (2021). Effects of including autolyzed yeast in the finishing of feedlot steers. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(4), 2471–2488. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2471
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