Campo Grande stylo and elephant grass mixed silages treated with microbial inoculant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5p1729Keywords:
Chemical composition, Effluent production, Fermentation characteristics, Microbial population.Abstract
Tropical grass has some advantages for ensilage, such as high annual production of dry matter per unit area, perennity, low loss risk, and higher harvest flexibility. We aimed with this study to assess the chemical composition, microbial population, fermentation characteristics, and effluent production of stylo (Stylosanthes capitata × S. macrocephala cv. Campo Grande) silages with increasing proportions (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Cameroon), with or without microbial inoculant. We used a 5×2 factorial scheme in a completely randomized design, with three replicates. There was an effect of interaction between proportions of elephant grass and microbial inoculant on yeast population, butyric acid and ammonia-nitrogen content, and effluent loss. The proportions of elephant grass affected the chemical composition, lactic acid bacteria and mold populations, pH, and lactic and propionic acid contents. Dry matter, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, and lactic acid contents and the pH values were negatively affected by microbial inoculant. We conclude that stylo provides silage with better chemical composition and lower effluent production, although with a higher mold and yeast population, than elephant grass. The microbial inoculant does not improve the chemical and fermentative characteristics of silages, except for the reduction of butyric acid. We recommend uninoculated stylo silage with up to 75% of elephant grass.Downloads
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References
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Souza, W. F., Pereira, O. G., Ribeiro, K. G., Santos, S. A., & Valadares, S. C., Fº. (2014). Intake, digestibility, nitrogen efficiency, and animal performance of growing and finishing beef cattle fed warm-season legume (Stylosanthes capitata plus Stylosanthes macrocephala) silage replacing corn silage. Journal of Animal Science, 92(9), 4099-4107. doi: 10.2527/jas.2013-7480
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Zanine, A. D. M., Santos, E. M., Dórea, J. R. R., Dantas, P. A. D. S., Silva, T. C. D., & Pereira, O. G. (2010). Evaluation of elephant grass silage with the addition of cassava scrapings. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(12), 2611-2616. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982010001200008
Borreani, G., Tabacco, E., Schmidt, R. J., Holmes, B. J., & Muck, R. E. (2018). Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 3952-3979. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13837
Detmann, E., Souza, M. A., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Queiroz, A. C., Berchielli, T. T., Saliba, E. O. S.,... Azevedo, J. A. G. (2012). Métodos para análise de alimentos-INCT-Ciência Animal. Suprema: Visconde do Rio Branco.
Fernandes, C., Grof, B., Chakraborty, S., & Verzignassi, J. R. (2005). Estilosantes Campo Grande in Brazil: a tropical forage legume success story. In Proceedings of International Grassland Conference: Offered Papers, Dublin, IRL, 20.
Garcez, B. S., Santos, C. M. D., Machado, F. A., Nicolini, C., & Macedo, E. D. O. (2018). Ruminal degradation of elephant grass silages added with faveira pods. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 40(e39946), 1-7. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v40i1.39946
Jobim, C. C., Nussio, L. G., Reis, R. A., & Schmidt, P. (2007). Avanços metodológicos na avaliação da qualidade da forragem conservada. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 36(Supl. Esp.), 101-119. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982007001000013
Kung, L., Jr. (1996). Preparation of silage water extracts for chemical analyses: standard operating procedures. Worrilow: University of Delaware, Ruminat Nutrition Laboratory.
Kung, L., Jr., Shaver, R. D., Grant, R. J., & Schmidt, R. J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 4020-4033. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13909
Licitra, G., Hernandez, T. M., & Van Soest, P. J. (1996). Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 57(4), 347-358. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(95)00837-3
Liu, Q., Zhang, J., Shi, S., & Sun, Q. (2011). The effects of wilting and storage temperatures on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of stylo silage. Animal Science Journal, 82(4), 549-553. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00873.x
Mahanna, B. (1994). Proper management assures high-quality silage, grains. Feedstuffs, 10(2), 12-56.
Mahanna, B., & Chase, L. E. (2003). Practical applications and solutions to silage problems. Silage Science and Technology, 42, 855-895. doi: 10.2134/agronmonogr42.c19
McDonald, P., Henderson, A. R., & Heron, S. J. E. (1991). The biochemistry of silage (2nd ed.). Marlow: Chalcombe Pub.
Muck, R. E. (1996). Inoculation of silage and its effects on silage quality. In Proceedings of Informational conference with dairy and forage industries (pp. 43-51). Madison: US Dairy Forage Res Center.
Oliveira, A. S., Weinberg, Z. G., Ogunade, I. M., Cervantes, A. A. P., Arriola, K. G., Jiang, Y.,... Adesogan, A. T. (2017). Meta-analysis of effects of inoculation with homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and the performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(6), 4587-4603. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11815
Pahlow, G., Muck, R. E., Driehuis, F., Elferink, S. J. O., & Spoelstra, S. F. (2003). Microbiology of ensiling. In D. R. Buxton, R. E. Muck & J. H. Harrison (Eds.). Silage Science and Technology, 42, 31-93.
Rigueira, J. P., Pereira, O. G., Ribeiro, K. G., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Cezário, A. S., Silva, V. P., & Agarussi, M. C. (2017). Silage of marandu grass with levels of stylo legume treated or not with microbial inoculant. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(9), 36-42. doi: 10.5539/jas.v9n9p36
SAEG (2007). Sistema para Análises Estatísticas, Versão 9.1. Viçosa, MG: Fundação Arthur Bernardes.
Silva, J. S. da, Ribeiro, K. G., Pereira, O. G., Mantovani, H. C., Cecon, P. R., Pereira, R. C., & Silva, J. D. L. (2018). Nutritive value and fermentation quality of palisadegrass and stylo mixed silages. Animal Science Journal, 89(1), 72-78. doi: 10.1111/asj.12854
Silva, T. C. da, Pereira, O. G., Agarussi, M. C. N., Silva, V. P. da, Silva, L. D. da, Cardoso, L. L.,... Valadares, S. C., Fº. (2015). Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande silage with or without concentrate in sheep diets: nutritional value and ruminal fermentation. Small Ruminant Research, 12, 34-39. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.03.011
Souza, W. F., Pereira, O. G., Ribeiro, K. G., Santos, S. A., & Valadares, S. C., Fº. (2014). Intake, digestibility, nitrogen efficiency, and animal performance of growing and finishing beef cattle fed warm-season legume (Stylosanthes capitata plus Stylosanthes macrocephala) silage replacing corn silage. Journal of Animal Science, 92(9), 4099-4107. doi: 10.2527/jas.2013-7480
Yahaya, M. S., Goto, M., Yimiti, W., Gamo, Y., Kim, W., Karita, S.,... Ogawa, S. (2004). Epiphytic microbiota on tropical Tinaroo legume (Neonotonia wightii) as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their effects on silage fermentation and ruminal degradability. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 3(6), 340-347. doi: javaa.2004.340.347
Zanine, A. D. M., Santos, E. M., Dórea, J. R. R., Dantas, P. A. D. S., Silva, T. C. D., & Pereira, O. G. (2010). Evaluation of elephant grass silage with the addition of cassava scrapings. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(12), 2611-2616. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982010001200008
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Published
2020-06-17
How to Cite
Ribeiro, K. G., Souza, I. A. de, Rigueira, J. P. S., Cezário, A. S., Valadares Filho, S. de C., & Pereira, O. G. (2020). Campo Grande stylo and elephant grass mixed silages treated with microbial inoculant. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(5), 1729–1738. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5p1729
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