Melatonin concentration in the milk of cows supplemented with vitamins and milked twice daily
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p2017Keywords:
Night-milk, Niacin, B vitamins, Rumen-protected, Composition.Abstract
Melatonin, a hormone secreted in cow milk, has beneficial effects on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin supplementation and nocturnal milking on the concentration of melatonin in cow milk. Twenty-one confined cows in the final period of lactation were used for the study and the supplemented vitamins were: rumen-protected B vitamins, A, D3, E, and niacin (B3) not protected from rumen degradation. The experimental period had a duration of 10 days. Milk samples were collected during the first two days, without supplementation of vitamins (WITHOUT), and during the final two days, eight days after the beginning of supplementation (WITH). Samples of milk produced without and with supplementation, milked at 05:00 h (NIGHT) or from the total milk produced in the two daily milkings (TOTAL), were analyzed. The concentration of melatonin was determined by enzyme immunoassay using the ELISA kit, and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey´s test with 5% significance. Supplementation of the diet with vitamins (WITH) did not affect melatonin concentration in TOTAL milk, but it resulted in a concentration 40.55% lower in the NIGHT milk than in the milk from cows without (WITHOUT) supplementation (6.57 vs. 11.06 pg mL-1). Milk milked at night showed melatonin concentrations 1.43 to 2.38 times higher than daily TOTAL milk. The total milk of the herd showed a concentration of 2.13 pg mL-1. The differentiated collection of milk produced during the night period makes it possible to obtain milk with high levels of melatonin.Downloads
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References
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STANTON, C.; MCMAHON, D.; MILLS, S. Dairy components, products and human health. In: MUEHLHOFF, E.; BENNETT, A.; MCMAHON, D. (Ed.). Milk and dairy products in human nutrition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, cap. 5, p. 207-242, 2013.
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VALTONEN, M.; NISKANEN, L.; KANGAS, A.; KOSKINEN, T. Effect of melatonin-rich night-time milk on sleep and activity in elderly institutionalized subjects. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, Boston, v. 59, n. 3, p. 217-221, 2005. DOI:10.1080/08039480510023034
WIJESINHA-BETTONI, R.; BURLINGAME, B. Milk and dairy product composition. In: MUEHLHOFF, E.; BENNETT, A.; MCMAHON, D. (Ed.). Milk and dairy products in human nutrition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, cap. 3, p. 41-102, 2013.
BAE, S. M.; JEONG, J.; JEON, H. J.; BANG, Y. R.; YOON, I. Effects of melatonin-rich milk on mild insomnia symptoms. Sleep Medicine Research, Ansan, v. 7, n. 2, p. 60-67, 2016. DOI: 10.17241/smr.2016.00108.
BELVIRANLI, M.; BALTACI, A. K. The relation between reduced serum melatonin levels and zinc in rats with induced hypothyroidism. Cell biochemistry and function, Guildford, v. 26, n. 1, p. 19-23, 2008. DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1384.
BERGMEYER, H. U. Methods of enzymatic analysis. Florida: VHC, 1985. 453 p.
BHAT, Z. F.; BHAT, H. Milk and dairy products as functional foods: a review. International Journal of Dairy Science, Faisalabad, v. 6, n. 1, p. 1-12, 2011. DOI: 10.3923/ijds.2011.1.12
BILLYARD, A. J.; EGGETT, D. L.; FRANZ, K. B. Dietary magnesium deficiency decreases plasma melatonin in rats. Magnesium research, London, v. 19, n. 3, p. 157-161, 2006. DOI: 10.1684/mrh.2006.0002.
BRASIL. Instrução Normativa no 62, de 30 de dezembro de 2011. Aprova os regulamentos técnicos de composição e requisitos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos do Leite... Diário Oficial [da] União, Brasília, 31 dez. 2011. Seção 1, p.6.
CASTRO, N.; SPENGLER, M.; LOLLIVER, V.; WELLNITZ, O.; MEYER, H. H. D.; BRUCKMAIER, R. M. Diurnal pattern of melatonin in blood and milk of dairy cows. Milchwissenschaft, Kempten, v. 66, n. 4, p. 352-353, 2011.
DAWN, M. R.; DAWES, M. A.; MATHIAS, C. W.; ACHESON, A.; HILL-KAPTURCZAK, N.; DOUGHERTY, D. M. L-tryptophan: basic metabolic functions, behavioral research and therapeutic indications. International Journal of Tryptophan Research, Auckland, v. 23, n. 2, p. 45-60, 2009. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2908021/.
DELL. Dell Statistica: data analysis software system. Version 13. Tulsa: Dell Inc., 2016.
DI BELLA, G.; MASCIA, F.; GUALANO, L.; DI BELLA, L. Melatonin anticancer effects: review. International Journal of Molecular Science, Basel, v. 14, n. 2, p. 2410-2430, 2013. DOI: 10.3390%2Fijms14022410.
DOSKA, M. C.; SILVA, D. F. F.; HORST, J. A.; VALLOTO, A. A.; ROSSI JUNIOR, P.; ALMEIDA, R. Sources of variation in milk urea nitrogen in Paraná dairy cows. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 41, n. 3, p. 692-697, 2012. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000300032.
HOFMAN, M. A.; SKENE, D. J.; SWAAB, D. F. Effect of photoperiod on the diurnal melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol rhythms in the human pineal gland. Brain Research, Amsterdam, v. 671, n. 2, p. 254-260, 1995. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)01339-J.
KOLLMANN, M. T.; LOCKER, M.; HIRCHE, F.; EDER, K.; MEYER, H. H.; BRUCKMAIER, R. M. Effect of tryptophan supplementation on plasma-tryptophan and related hormone levels in heifers and dairy cows. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, Stoneham, v. 34, n. 1, p. 14-24, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.09.005.
LAVIALLE, M.; CHAMPEIL-POTOKAR, G.; ALESSANDRI, J. M.; BALASSE, L.; GUESNET, P.; PAPILLON, C.; PÉVET, P.; VANCASSEL, S.; VIVIEN-ROELS, B.; DENIS, I. An (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid-deficient diet disturbs daily locomotor activity, melatonin rhythm, and striatal dopamine in Syrian hamsters. Journal of Nutrition, Rockville, v. 139, n. 9, p. 1719-1724, 2008. DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.9.1719.
MARIA, C. A. B.; MOREIRA, R. F. A. A intrigante bioquímica da niacina - uma revisão crítica. Química Nova, São Paulo, v. 34, n. 10, p. 1739-1752, 2011. DOI:10.1590/S0100-40422011001000007.
MILAGRES, M. P.; MININ, V. P. R.; MININ, L. A.; SIMIQUELI, A. A.; MORAES, L. E. S.; MARTINO, S. D. Night milking adds value to cow’s milk. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, London, v. 94, n. 8, p. 1688-1692, 2014. DOI:10.1002/jsfa.6480.
MORTON, D. J. Possible mechanisms of inhibition and activation of rat N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5.) by cations. Journal of neural transmission, Wien, v. 75, n. 1, p. 51-64, 1989.
MUNYANEZA, N.; NIYUKURI, J.; EL HACHIMI, Y. Milk urea nitrogen as an indicator of nitrogen metabolism efficiency in dairy cows: a review. Theriogenology Insight, New Delhi, v. 7, n. 3, p. 45-159, 2017. DOI: 10.5958/2277-3371.2017.00032.8
MUTHURAMALINGAM, P.; KENNEDY, A. D.; BERRY, R. J. Plasma melatonin and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 responses to dim light at night in dairy heifers. Journal of Pineal Research, Oxford, v. 40, n. 3, p. 225-229, 2006. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2005.00303.x.
PEUHKURI, K.; SIHVOLA, N.; KORPELA, R. Dietary factors and fluctuating levels of melatonin. Food & Nutrition Research, Balsia, v. 56, p. 1-9, 2012. DOI: 10.3402%2Ffnr.v56i0.17252
RIBAS, N. P.; ROSSI JUNIOR, P.; ANDRADE, U. V. C.; VALLOTO, A. A.; JESUS, C. P.; ALMEIDA, M. C. Escore de células somáticas e sua relação com os componentes do leite em amostras de tanque no estado do paraná. Archives of Veterinary Science, Curitiba, v. 19, n. 3, p. 14-23, 2014.
RICHARD, D. M.; DAWES, M. A.; MATHIAS, C. W.; ACHESON, A.; HILL-KAPTURCZAK, N.; DOUGHERTY, D. M. L-Tryptophan: basic metabolic functions, behavioral research and therapeutic indications. International Journal of Tryptophan Research, Auckland, v. 2, p. 45-60, 2009.
SACADURA, F. C.; ROBINSON, P. H.; EVANS, F.; LORDELO, M. Effects of a ruminally protected B-vitamin supplement on milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology, Amsterdam, v. 144, n. 1-2, p. 111-124, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.10.005
SANTSCHI, D. E.; BERTHIAUME, R.; MATTE, J. J.; MUSTAFA, A. F.; GIRARD, C. L. Fate of supplementary B-vitamins in the gastro-intestinal tract of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, Champaign, v. 88, n. 6, p. 2043-2054, 2005. DOI:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72881-2
SCHERNHAMMER, E. S.; FESKANICH, D.; NIU, C.; DOPFEL, R.; HOLEMS, M. D.; HANKINSON, S. E. Dietary correlates of urinary 6- sulfatoxymelatonin concentrations in the Nurses’ Health Study cohorts. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bethesda, v. 90, n. 4, p. 975-985, 2009. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27826
SPEK, J. W.; DIJKSTRA, J.; VAN DUINKERKEN, G.; BANNINK, A. A review of factors influencing milk urea concentration and its relationship with urinary urea excretion in lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Agricultural Science, London, v. 151, n. 3, p. 407-423, 2013. DOI: 10.1017/S0021859612000561
STANTON, C.; MCMAHON, D.; MILLS, S. Dairy components, products and human health. In: MUEHLHOFF, E.; BENNETT, A.; MCMAHON, D. (Ed.). Milk and dairy products in human nutrition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, cap. 5, p. 207-242, 2013.
VALTONEN, M.; KANGAS, A. P.; VOUTILAINEN, M. Method for producing melatonin rich milk. Patent Cooperation Treaty WO, International Publication Number WO 01/01784 A1, Stockholm, Sweden, 2001. 6 p.
VALTONEN, M.; NISKANEN, L.; KANGAS, A.; KOSKINEN, T. Effect of melatonin-rich night-time milk on sleep and activity in elderly institutionalized subjects. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, Boston, v. 59, n. 3, p. 217-221, 2005. DOI:10.1080/08039480510023034
WIJESINHA-BETTONI, R.; BURLINGAME, B. Milk and dairy product composition. In: MUEHLHOFF, E.; BENNETT, A.; MCMAHON, D. (Ed.). Milk and dairy products in human nutrition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, cap. 3, p. 41-102, 2013.
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2019-07-04
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Holzmann, V. M. M., Trentin, M., Rego, F. C. de A., Cunha Filho, L. F. C., & Ludovico, A. (2019). Melatonin concentration in the milk of cows supplemented with vitamins and milked twice daily. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40(5), 2017–2026. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p2017
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