Essential oils and prebiotic on broiler diets as feed additives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1307Keywords:
Diets, Growth promoter, Intestinal morphology, Poultry production.Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a combination of essential oils, prebiotics and antibiotics on broiler production. The treatments consisted of a normal diet meeting the nutritional requirements, and diets with a 5% reduction of nutritional requirements, supplemented or not with antibiotics (En+Sal) (10 g ton-1 enramycin and 125 g ton-1 salinomycin) or a blend of essential oils (EOFOS) (oregano, anise and lemon) plus fructooligosaccharides (125 g ton-1). A total of 1,152 male one-day-old broilers were randomized by weight and distributed into a 2*3 factorial design, consisting of six treatments with each treatment containing eight replicates of 24 birds per experimental unit. The Student-Newman-Keuls test was performed at 5% probability. Broiler performance was evaluated at 10, 21 and 42 days, intestinal morphometry was evaluated at 21 days, microbiological cecum counts at 33 days, blood parameters at 35 days and carcass and cuts yield at 42 days of age. Broilers fed reduced diets had a reduction in performance (P < 0.05). There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between diet type and prebiotics for jejunum villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratios for all intestinal segments. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of growth promoters and diet type on the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations within the gastrointestinal tract. There were no differences for duodenum or ileum villus heights (P > 0.05). Broilers fed EOFOS showed higher villus height in the jejunum at 21 days. There were no effects on blood parameters of different diets and growth promoters (P > 0.05), nor on carcass and cuts yield, abdominal fat and relative liver weight (P > 0.05). Broilers receiving the normal diet with EOFOS showed higher villus height in the jejunum at 21 days when compared to the normal diet with antibiotics and the normal diet without growth promoters. However, there were no effects of growth promoters and diet type on broiler performance at 42 days.Downloads
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References
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Santurio, J. M., Santurio, D. F., Pozzatti, P., Moraes, C., Franchin, P. R., & Alves, S. H. (2007). Atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais de orégano. tomilho e canela frente a sorovares de Salmonella enterica de origem avícola. Ciencia Rural, 37(3), 803-808. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782007000300031
Statistical Analysis System Institute (2011). SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. Version 9.3 Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Inst. Inc.
Yalcinkaya, I., Cinar, M., Yildirim, E., Erat, S., Basalan, M., & Gungor, T. (2012). The effect of prebiotic and organic zinc alone and in combination in broiler diets on the performance and some blood parameters. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 11(3), 298-302. doi: https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2012.e55
Broom, L. J. (2018). Gut barrier function: effects of (antibiotic) growth promoters on key barrier components and associations with growth performance. Poultry Science, 97(5), 1572-1578. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey021
Costa, L. B., Tse, M. L. P., & Miyada, V. S. (2007). Extratos vegetais como alternativas aos antimicrobianos promotores de crescimento para leitões recém desmamados. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 36(4), 589-595. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982007000300011.
Eler, G., Gomes, A. V. C., Trindade, B. S., Almeida, L. S. L., Dilelis, F., Cardoso, V. S., & Lima, C. A. R. (2019). Oregano essential oil in the diet of broilers: performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters. South African Journal of Animal Science, 49(4), 753-762. doi: 10.4314/sajas.v49i4.17
Hong, J. C., Steiner, T., Aufy, A., & Lien, T. F. (2012). Effects of supplemental essential oil on growth performance, lipid metabolites and immunity, intestinal characteristics, microbiota and carcass traits in broilers. Livestock Scence, 144(3), 253-262. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.12.008.
Hosseintabar, B., Dadashbeiki, M., Bouyeh, M., Seidavi, A., Van Den Hoven, R., & Gamboa, S. (2015). Effect of different levels of L-carnitine and lysine-methionine on broiler blood parameters. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 20(3), 4698-4708.
Jang, I. S., Ko, Y. H., Kang, S. Y., & Le, C. Y. (2007). Effect of a commercial essential oil on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microflora population in broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 134(3-4), 304-315. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.06.009.
Jung, S. J., Houde, R., Baurhoo, T. B., Zhao, X., & Lee, B. H. (2008). Effects of galacto-oligosaccharides and a bifidobacteria lactis-based probiotic strain on the growth performance and fecal microflora of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 87(9), 1694-1699. doi: 10.3382/ps.2007-00489.
Leite, P. R. S. C., Mendes, F. R., Pereira, M. L. R., Lima, H. J. D. A., & Lacerda, M. J. R. (2012). Aditivos fitogênicos em rações de frangos. Enciclopédia Biosfera, 15(8), 9-26.
Luna, G. C. (1968). Manual of histologic staining methods of the armed forces. Institut of Pathology (3a ed.). New York: Mc Graw-Hill.
Maiorka, A., Santin, E., Sugeta, S. M., Almeida, J. G., & Macari, M. (2001). Utilização de prebióticos, probióticos ou simbióticos em dietas para frangos. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Avicola, 3(1), 75-82. doi: 10.1590/S1516-635X2001000100008.
Mellor, S. (2000). Herbs and spices promote health and growth. Pig Progress, 14(16), 18-21.
Méndez Zamora, G., Durán Meléndez, L. A., Hume, M. E., & Silva Vázquez, R. (2017). Performance, blood parameters, and carcass yield of broiler chickens supplemented with Mexican oregano oil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46(6), 515-520. doi: 10.1590/s1806-92902017000600006.
Nunes, R. V., Broch, J., Wachholz, L., Souza, C. de, Damasceno, J. L., Oxford, J. H.,... Pesti, G. M. (2018). Choosing sample sizes for various blood parameters of broiler chickens with normal and non-normal observations. Poultry Science, 97(10), 3746-3754. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey217
Oguttu, J. W., Veary, C. M., & Picard, J. A. (2008). Antimicrobial drug resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry abattoir workers at risk and broilers on antimicrobials. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 79(4), 161-166. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v79i4.266.
Ricke, S. C., Lee, S. I., Kim, S. A., Park, S. H., & Shi, Z. (2020). Prebiotics and the poultry gastrointestinal tract microbiome. Poultry Science, 99(2), 670-677. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.018.
Rostagno, H. S., Albino, L. F. T., Donzele, J. L., Gomes, P. C., Oliveira, R. F., Lopes, D. C.,... Barreto, S. L. T. (2011). Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos: composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais (2a ed.). Viçosa, MG: UFV, Departamento de Zootecnia.
Sakomura, N. K., & Rostagno, H. S. (2016). Métodos de pesquisa em nutrição de monogástricos (2a ed.). Jaboticabal: Funep.
Santurio, J. M., Santurio, D. F., Pozzatti, P., Moraes, C., Franchin, P. R., & Alves, S. H. (2007). Atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais de orégano. tomilho e canela frente a sorovares de Salmonella enterica de origem avícola. Ciencia Rural, 37(3), 803-808. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782007000300031
Statistical Analysis System Institute (2011). SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. Version 9.3 Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Inst. Inc.
Yalcinkaya, I., Cinar, M., Yildirim, E., Erat, S., Basalan, M., & Gungor, T. (2012). The effect of prebiotic and organic zinc alone and in combination in broiler diets on the performance and some blood parameters. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 11(3), 298-302. doi: https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2012.e55
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Published
2020-05-13
How to Cite
Borsatti, L., Broch, J., Avila, A. S. de, Schneiders, J. L., Rocha, C. S., Oxford, J. H., & Nunes, R. V. (2020). Essential oils and prebiotic on broiler diets as feed additives. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(4), 1307–1316. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1307
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