Feeding behavior and metabolic parameters of lambs fed extruded diets in different roughage:concentrate ratios

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2025v46n2p443

Keywords:

Energy, Extrusion, Fiber, Glucose, Rumination.

Abstract

Diets with different proportions of roughage and concentrate influence the feed intake and feeding behavior of ruminants. The use of extruded diets aims to optimize feed efficiency and metabolism, which is essential for improving the productive performance of lambs. The objective was to evaluate the feeding behavior and metabolic parameters of lambs fed different roughage:concentrate ratios on totally extruded diets. Five lambs, 6.0 ± 0.3 months old and weighing 33.3 ± 8.18 kg, were distributed in a Latin square (5 × 5) and fed with different extruded roughage:concentrate (R:C) ratios: 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30. The dry matter intake and digestibility (1.47 kg day−1 and 67.05%, respectively), water intake (4.71 L day−1), feeding time (169.8 min day−1), rumination time (256.2 min day−1), and metabolic parameters were similar between diets (P≥0.05). The increase in extruded roughage linearly increased the chewing time and linearly reduced idle time (P<0.05). Glucose reached a minimum of 56.4 mg dL−1 at approximately 1:20 pm (P<0.05). A roughage ratio between 30:70 and 70:30 in totally extruded diets did not alter the ingestive, metabolic, or behavioral parameters of sheep. Extruded forage can be increased up to 70% in extruded diets for sheep without compromising the intake or digestibility of the diet’s dry matter.

Downloads

Author Biographies

Karla Alves Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

Postdoctoral student in Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

Marco Túlio Santos Siqueira, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

Doctoral Degree Student in the Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.

Pedro Henrique Cavalcante Ribeiro, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

Doctoral Degree Student in the Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.

Laylles Costa Araújo, Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão

Dra. in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão, UEMASUL, Imperatriz, MA, Brazil.

Valdinin Gonçalves de Andrade, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

Animal Scientist, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

Lucas Eduardo Gonçalves Vilaça, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

Master Degree Student in the Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Marcela Rodrigues de Oliveira, FUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia

Master Degree Student in the Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Luana de Oliveira Faria, Federal University of São João del-Rei

Animal Scientist, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, UFSJ, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil.

Erica Beatriz Schultz, Universidade Federal de Viçosa

Dra. in Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.

Gilberto de Lima Macedo Junior, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

Dr. in Animal Science, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

References

Araújo, C. M., Oliveira, K. A., Macedo, G. L., Jr., Silva, S. P., & Silva, D. A. P. (2021). Parâmetros nutricionais e bioquímicos de ovinos consumindo volumoso extrusado com diferentes teores de Uruchloa brizantha em comparação a silagem de milho tradicional. Caderno de Ciências Agrárias, 12(1), 1-11. doi: 10.356 99/2447-6218.2020.25810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2020.25810

Association on Official Analytical Chemists (2002). Official methods of analysis of AOAC international (16nd ed.). AOAC International

Bateman, H. G., Hill, T. M., & Schlotterbeck, R. L. (2009). Effects of corn processing, particle size, and diet form on performance of calves in bedded pens. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(2), 782-789. doi: 10.3168/ jds.2008-1242 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1242

Brand, T. S., Dreyer, O., & Van Zyl, J. H. C. (2023). Extrusion of canola oilcake meal and sweet lupins on the production performance of Meatmaster lambs under feedlot conditions. South African Journal of Animal Science, 53(5), 689-695. doi: 10.4314/sajas.v53i5.08 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i5.08

Bürger, P. J., Pereira, J. C., Queiroz, A. C. de, Silva, J. F. C. da, Valadares, S. de C., Fº., Cecon, P. R., & Casali A. D. P. (2000). Comportamento ingestivo em bezerros holandeses alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de concentrado. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 9(1), 236-242. doi: 10.1590/S1516-359 82000000100031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982000000100031

Conover, W. J. (1980). Practical nonparametric statistics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Dickson, H., & Jolly, S. (2011). National procedures and guidelines for intensive sheep and lamb feeding systems. Meat and Livestock Australia. https://www.integritysystems.com.au/globalassets/mla-corporate/research-and-development/documents/l.lsm.0022_-_national_procedures_and_guidelinesfor _intensive_sheep_and_lamb_feeding_systems.pdf

Dirksen, G., Gründer, H. D., & Stöber, M. (1993). Sistema digestório. In G. Dirksen, H. D. Gründer, & M. Stöber (Eds.), Exame clínico dos bovinos (pp. 166-228). Rio de Janeiro.

Esminger, M. E., Oldfield, J. L., & Heinemann, J. J. (1990). Feeds and nutrition (2nd ed.). Esminger Publishing.

Faryabi, R., Mousaie, A., Bahrampour, J., & Barazandeh, A. (2023). The effect of dietary inclusion of Artemisia sieberi leaves on growth performance, feeding behaviors, ruminal fermentation, feed digestibility, and blood hemato-biochemical profile of growing male lambs. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 55(1), 1-41. doi: 10.1007/s11250-023-03455-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03455-0

Fischer, V., Deswysen, A. G., Dèspres, L., Dutilleul, P., & Lobato, J. F. P. (1998). Padrões nectemerais do comportamento ingestivo de ovinos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 27(2), 362-369. https://www.sbz. org.br/revista/artigos/2021.pdf

Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., & Fredrickson, D. S. (1972). Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry, 18(6), 499-502. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499

Ghaffari, M. H., & Kertz, A. F. (2021). Review: effects of different forms of calf starters on feed intake and growth rate: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of studies from 1938 to 2021. Applied Animal Science, 37(3), 273-293. doi: 10.15232/aas.2021-02150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2021-02150

Goering, H. K., & Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). Agricultural Research Service.

Kruskal, W. H., & Wallis, W. A. (1952). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal American Statistical Association, 47(1), 583-621. doi: 10.1080/01621459.1952.10483441 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1952.10483441

Macedo, C. A. B., Mizubuti, I. Y., Moreira, F. B., Pereira, E. S., Ribeiro, E. L. A., Rocha, M. A. D., Ramos, B. M. O., Mori, R. M., Pinto, A. P., Alves, T. C., & Casimiro, T. R. (2007). Comportamento ingestivo de ovinos recebendo dietas com diferentes níveis de bagaço de laranja em substituição à silagem de sorgo na ração. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 36(6), 1910-1916. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982007000800027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982007000800027

Minami, N. S., Sousa, R. S., Oliveira, F. L. C., Dias, M. R. B., Cassiano, D. A., Mori, C. S., Minervino, A. H. H., & Ortolani, E. L. (2021). Subacute ruminal acidosis in Zebu cattle: clinical and behavioral aspects. Animals, 11(1), 1-14. doi: 10.3390/ani11010021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010021

Missio, R. L., Brondani, I. L., Alves Filho, D. C., Silveira, M. D., Freitas, L. D. S., & Restle, J. (2010). Comportamento ingestivo de tourinhos terminados em confinamento, alimentados com diferentes níveis de concentrado na dieta. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(7), 1571-1578. https://tinyurl.com/2p6ph9bs DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000700030

National Research Council (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle (7nd ed.). National Academy Press.

National Research Council (2007). Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids. The National Academies Press.

Oliveira, K. A., Siqueira, M. T. S., Oliveira, M. R. de, Dutra, T. O., Sousa, L. F., & Macedo, G. D. L., Jr. (2022). Nutritional and metabolic parameters of sheep fed extruded roughage. Scientia Agraria Paranaensis, 21(3), 244-251. doi: 10.18188/sap.v21i3.29787 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v21i3.29787

Omidi-Mirzaei, H., Azarfar, A., Kiani, A., Mirzaei, M., & Ghaffari, M. H. (2018). Interaction between the physical forms of starter and forage source on growth performance and blood metabolites of Holstein dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(7), 6074-6084. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13892 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13892

Parente, H. N., Parente, M. de O. M., Gomes, R. M. da S., Sodré, W. de J. dos S., Moreira, M. A., Fº., Rodrigues, R. C., Santos, V. L. F. dos, & Araújo, J. dos S. (2016). Increasing levels of concentrate digestibility, performance and ingestive behavior in lambs. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 17(2), 186-194. doi: 10.1590/S1519-99402016000200006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402016000200006

Pereira, A. L., Parente, M. de O. M., Sousa, E. A. de, Alves, A. A., Zanine, A. de M., Ferreira, D. de J., Perazzo, A. F., Sousa, F. C. da S. de, Anjos, L. F. dos, Lima, H. C., Moreira, M. A., Fº., Cavalcanti, H. S., & Parente, H. N. (2024). Nutritional strategies, performance, digestibility, and carcass traits of Santa Ines and Rabo Largo breeds in a tropical climate. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 56(2), 1-13. doi: 10.1007/s11250-024-03921-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-024-03921-3

Prado, I. N., Ramos, T. R., Prado, R. M. do, Ornaghi, M. G., Stuani, O. F., & Penha, G. P. (2022). Sara (Subacute Ruminal Acidosis) sobre o desempenho e comportamento de bovinos: revisão. Pubvet, 16(6), 1-11. https://tinyurl.com/2ezukk6u DOI: https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v16n06a1136.1-11

Rodrigues, G. R. D., Siqueira, M. T. S., Oliveira, K. A., Oliveira, M. R., Schultz, E. B., Macedo, G. L., Jr. (2022). Casca de soja extrusada em substituição a silagem de milho - parâmetros nutricionais e bioquímicos em ovinos. Revista Agraria Academica, 5(1), 147-162. doi: 10.32406/v5n1/2022/147-162/ agrariacad DOI: https://doi.org/10.32406/v5n1/2022/147-162/agrariacad

Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality, (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(1), 591-611. doi: 10.2307/2333709 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/52.3-4.591

Silva, M. F. L., Santos, L., & Choupina, A. (2015). A extrusão em tecnologia alimentar: tipos, vantagens e equipamentos. Revista de Ciências Agrárias, 38(1), 3-10. https://bibliotecadigital.ipb.pt/entities/ publication/ac99f5fa-2f65-4ca4-95a7-77961f42553b

Silva, D. A. P., Loreno, M. B. N., Schultz, E. B., Siqueira, M. T. S., Oliveira, K. A., & Macedo, G. L., Jr. (2022). Replacing corn silage with extruded forage in sheep feeding. Acta Scientiarum - Animal Sciences, 45(1), e57397. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.57397 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.57397

Silva, D. A. P., Rodrigues, G. R. D., Siqueira, M. T. S., Schultz, E. B., Oliveira, K. A., & Macedo, G. L., Jr. (2021a). Avaliação da substituição da silagem de milho por volumoso extrusado na dieta de ovinos. Caderno de Ciências Agrárias, 13(1), 1-10. doi: 10.35699/2447-6218.2021.32930 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2021.32930

Silva, Y. A., Almeida, V. V. S. de, Oliveira, A. C., Fonseca, R. S., Santos, P. dos, Ribeiro, J. do S., Silva, M. J. M. dos S., & Lima, D. M. de, Jr. (2021b). Can roughage: concentrate ratio affect the action of red propolis extract on sheep metabolism? Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(472), 1-10. doi: 10. 1007/s11250-021-02907-9

Siqueira, M. T. S., Oliveira, K. A., Schultz, E. B., Sousa, L. F., Silva, V. R. S., & Macedo, G. L., Jr. (2022). Avaliação do efeito da substituição de silagem de milho por ração extrusada de fibra de cana em ovinos. Revista Agrária Acadêmica, 5(1), 163-177. doi: 10.32406/v5n1/2022/163-177/agrariacad DOI: https://doi.org/10.32406/v5n1/2022/163-177/agrariacad

Teixeira, A. B. M., Schuh, B. R. F., Daley, V. L., Pinto, P. H. N., Fernandes, S. R., & Freitas, J. A. de. (2021). Performance, biochemical and physiological parameters of Dorper× Santa Ines lambs fed with three levels of metabolizable energy. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1007/s11250-021-02797-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02797-x

Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant (2nd ed.). Cornell University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501732355

Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2

Varanis, L. F. M., Schultz, E. B., Oliveira, K. A., Sousa, L. F., Cruz, W. F. G., & Macedo, G. de L., Jr. (2021). Serum biochemical reference ranges for lambs from birth to 1 year of age in the tropics. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(3), 1725-1740. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3Supl1p1725 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3Supl1p1725

Vicente, A. C. S., Carlis, M. S. de P., Santos, I. J. dos, Silva, A. L. A. da, Dias, P. C. G., Jr., Assis, R. G. de, Sturion, T. U., Biava, J. S., Pires, A. V., & Ferreira, E. M. (2022). Performance, nutritional behavior, and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs fed diets with non-forage fiber source or sodium bicarbonate. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 54(5), 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s11250-022-03297-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03297-2

Vilaça, L. E. G., Oliveira, M. R., Freitas, A. B. I. de, Coutinho, C. D. M., Oliveira, K. A., Macedo, G. L., Jr. (2023). Casca de soja extrusada em substituição a silagem de milho: parâmetros nutricionais, bioquímicos comportamento ingestivo de ovino. Caderno de Ciências Agrárias, 15(1), 1-11. doi: 10.35699/2447-6218.2023.43883 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2023.43883

Zhao, C., Liu, G., Li, X., Guan, Y., Wang, Y., Yuan, X., Sun, G., Wang, Z., & Li, X. (2018). Inflammatory mechanism of Rumenitis in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis. BMC Veterinary Research, 14(1), 2-8. doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1463-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1463-7

Downloads

Published

2025-03-13

How to Cite

Oliveira, K. A., Siqueira, M. T. S., Ribeiro, P. H. C., Araújo, L. C., Andrade, V. G. de, Vilaça, L. E. G., … Macedo Junior, G. de L. (2025). Feeding behavior and metabolic parameters of lambs fed extruded diets in different roughage:concentrate ratios. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 46(2), 443–458. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2025v46n2p443

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >> 

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.