Os “combatentes inimigos” e o governo Bush: as relações entre Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário entre 2001 e 2008
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/2176-6665.2011v16n2p72Palavras-chave:
Terrorismo, Guantánamo, Governo Bush, Combatentes InimigosResumo
O ataque às Torres Gêmeas, em 11 de setembro de 2001, encerrou a expectativa instituída com o fim da Guerra Fria de um modelo de sociedade voltado para a valorização da economia de mercado e da democracia liberal. É neste novo cenário que se pretende compreender como as instituições domésticas americanas afetaram a atuação dos Estados Unidos no cenário internacional. O que se pretende demonstrar neste artigo é que o 11de setembro não apenas constituiu um elemento de ruptura da ordem estabelecida no plano doméstico ao longo da história do país, como também permitiu, ainda que por um breve período, a instauração de um desequilíbrio entre as instituições americanas, no qual o Executivo ocupou um espaço significativo em relação aos outros poderes. Esse desequilíbrio foi restaurado pelas decisões proferidas pela Suprema Corte dos EUA, também objeto de análise deste trabalho.Downloads
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Referências
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SODER, Kirsten. The Supreme Court, the Bush administration and Guantanamo bay. SIPRI Background Paper: Solna, Suécia, jan. 2009.
SPIRO, Peter J. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld. 126 S. Ct. 2749. American Journal of International Law. Washington, v. 100, n. 4, p. 888-895, oct. 2006.
UNITED STATES. House of Representatives. House Joint Resolution 64 (H.J.Res.64). Final Vote results for Roll Call 342. Bill Title: To authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the recent attacks lauched against the United States. Washington, D.C., 14 sep. 2001a.
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UNITED STATES. House of Representatives. House of Representatives 3162 (H.R.3162). Final Vote results for Roll Call 398. Bill Title: USA PATRIOT Act.Washington, D.C., 24 oct. 2001c. Disponível em: http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2001/roll398.xml. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2010.
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UNITED STATES. Supreme Court. 542 U.S. 466, 2004. Shafiq Rasul et al v. George W. Bush. Rapporteur: Minister John Paul Stevens, Washington, D.C.: 28 jun. 2004. Disponível em: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/03-334.ZS.html. Acesso em: 15 out. 2008.
UNITED STATES. House of Representatives 2863 (H.R.2863). Final Vote results for Roll Call 669. Bill Title: appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2006, and for other purposes. Washington, D.C., 19 dec. 2005a. Disponível em http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2005/roll669.xml. Acesso em 10 ago. 2010.
UNITED STATES. Senate 0359. (S. 0359). Final Vote results for Roll Call 0359. Bill Title: appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2006, and for other purposes. Washington, D.C., 19 dec. 2005b. Disponível em: http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1091/vote_109_1_00359.xml. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2010.
UNITED STATES. House of Representatives. House of Representatives 6166 (H.R.6166). Final Vote results for Roll Call 491. Bill Title: Military Commissions Act. Washington, D.C., 27 sep. 2006a. Disponível em: http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2006/roll491.xml. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2010.
UNITED STATES. Senate 259. (S. 259). Final Vote results for Roll Call 259. Bill Title: Military Comission Act of 2006. Washington, D.C., 28 sep. 2006b. Disponível em: http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote109/vote_109_2_00259.xml. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2010.
UNITED STATES. Supreme Court. 548 U.S. 557, 2006. Salim Ahmed Hamdan v. Donald H. Rumsfeld. Rapporteur: Minister John Paul Stevens, Washington, D.C.: 29 jun. 2006c. Disponível em: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/05-184.ZO.html. Acesso em 15/10/2008.
UNITED STATES. Supreme Court. 553 U.S. 723, 2008. Lakhdar Boumediene et al v. George W. Bush. Rapporteur: Minister Anthony M. Kennedy, Washington, D.C.: 12 jun. 2008. Disponível em: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/06-1195.ZS.html. Acesso em: 15 out. 2008.
VELASCO E CRUZ, Sebastião C. Entre normas e fatos: desafios e dilemas da ordem internacional. Lua Nova, São Paulo, n. 58, p. 169-192, 2003. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-64452003000100009. Acesso em: 5 fev. 2011.
DOYLE, Michael. W. Liberalism and world politics. The American Political Science Review, Washington, v. 80, n. 4, p. 1151-1169, dec. 1986.
ELLIS, Richard (ed.) Judging executive power. Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009.
JERVIS, Robert. Understanding the Bush Doctrine. Political Science Quarterly, New York, v. 118, n. 3, p. 365-388, 2003.
SINGH, Robert. The Bush doctrine. In: BUCKLEY, Mary; SINGH, Robert (ed.). The Bush doctrine and the war on terrorism: global responses, global consequences. London: Routledge, 2006. p. 12-31.
SODER, Kirsten. The Supreme Court, the Bush administration and Guantanamo bay. SIPRI Background Paper: Solna, Suécia, jan. 2009.
SPIRO, Peter J. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld. 126 S. Ct. 2749. American Journal of International Law. Washington, v. 100, n. 4, p. 888-895, oct. 2006.
UNITED STATES. House of Representatives. House Joint Resolution 64 (H.J.Res.64). Final Vote results for Roll Call 342. Bill Title: To authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the recent attacks lauched against the United States. Washington, D.C., 14 sep. 2001a.
UNITED STATES. Senate. Joint Resolution 23 (S.J.Res. 23).Final Vote results for Roll Call 0281. Bill Title: To authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the recent attacks lauched against the United States. Washington, D.C., 14 sep. 2001b.
UNITED STATES. House of Representatives. House of Representatives 3162 (H.R.3162). Final Vote results for Roll Call 398. Bill Title: USA PATRIOT Act.Washington, D.C., 24 oct. 2001c. Disponível em: http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2001/roll398.xml. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2010.
UNITED STATES. Senate. Senate 313. (S. 313). Final Vote results for Roll Call 313. Bill Title: USA PATRIOT Act. Washington, D.C.. 25 oct., 2001d. Disponível em: http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote107/vote_107_1_00313.xml. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2010.
UNITED STATES. Supreme Court. 542 U.S. 466, 2004. Shafiq Rasul et al v. George W. Bush. Rapporteur: Minister John Paul Stevens, Washington, D.C.: 28 jun. 2004. Disponível em: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/03-334.ZS.html. Acesso em: 15 out. 2008.
UNITED STATES. House of Representatives 2863 (H.R.2863). Final Vote results for Roll Call 669. Bill Title: appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2006, and for other purposes. Washington, D.C., 19 dec. 2005a. Disponível em http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2005/roll669.xml. Acesso em 10 ago. 2010.
UNITED STATES. Senate 0359. (S. 0359). Final Vote results for Roll Call 0359. Bill Title: appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2006, and for other purposes. Washington, D.C., 19 dec. 2005b. Disponível em: http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1091/vote_109_1_00359.xml. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2010.
UNITED STATES. House of Representatives. House of Representatives 6166 (H.R.6166). Final Vote results for Roll Call 491. Bill Title: Military Commissions Act. Washington, D.C., 27 sep. 2006a. Disponível em: http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2006/roll491.xml. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2010.
UNITED STATES. Senate 259. (S. 259). Final Vote results for Roll Call 259. Bill Title: Military Comission Act of 2006. Washington, D.C., 28 sep. 2006b. Disponível em: http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote109/vote_109_2_00259.xml. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2010.
UNITED STATES. Supreme Court. 548 U.S. 557, 2006. Salim Ahmed Hamdan v. Donald H. Rumsfeld. Rapporteur: Minister John Paul Stevens, Washington, D.C.: 29 jun. 2006c. Disponível em: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/05-184.ZO.html. Acesso em 15/10/2008.
UNITED STATES. Supreme Court. 553 U.S. 723, 2008. Lakhdar Boumediene et al v. George W. Bush. Rapporteur: Minister Anthony M. Kennedy, Washington, D.C.: 12 jun. 2008. Disponível em: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/06-1195.ZS.html. Acesso em: 15 out. 2008.
VELASCO E CRUZ, Sebastião C. Entre normas e fatos: desafios e dilemas da ordem internacional. Lua Nova, São Paulo, n. 58, p. 169-192, 2003. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-64452003000100009. Acesso em: 5 fev. 2011.
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2012-11-16
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PACHECO, Cristina Carvalho. Os “combatentes inimigos” e o governo Bush: as relações entre Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário entre 2001 e 2008. Mediações - Revista de Ciências Sociais, Londrina, v. 16, n. 2, p. 72–88, 2012. DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2011v16n2p72. Disponível em: https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/mediacoes/article/view/10251. Acesso em: 4 nov. 2024.
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