Forage sorghum production under rainfed farming in sites with and without climate restriction for maize cultivation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n2p775Keywords:
Adaptation, Culm, Dry matter, Sorghum bicolor, Roughage.Abstract
Forage sorghum is a crop that can be planted in semiarid regions, due to its greater adaptability to dry climate environments, and can replace maize in these regions, which are often unsuitable for its production. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the structural, morphological and nutritional characteristics of 23 sorghum hybrids forage cultivated in rainfed conditions, planted in different climate conditions, comparing the hybrids, in order to determine what produces the best in the climatic conditions of the explored region, and also to indicate whether this crop can be planted as a replacement for maize in environments not suitable for planting it. The research was conducted in climate BSh in the Municipality of Alvorada do Gurgueia, and climate Aw in the Municipality of Bom Jesus, both in the state of Piauí from 2014 to 2015. Each trial consisted of 20 experimental forage sorghum hybrids [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and three commercial hybrids. A randomized block design was used, with three replications in a factorial scheme (2 × 23). The growth characteristics determined were hybrid × climate interaction for the variables plant height, lodging and leaf/stem ratio. For the variable number of tillers, there was a significant difference only between hybrids. There was no difference between hybrids only for the lodging variable of climate Aw. The other variables showed a difference in all hybrids evaluated. There was an interaction for production of dead matter and total dry forage mass between the different environments and hybrids evaluated. For leaf production, there was an effect only for the different environments. For the chemical characteristics, there was an interaction for all variables analyzed between the different environments and hybrids evaluated. The semi-arid region of the State of Piauí, climate BSh which presents a high climatic risk for maize cultivation, proved to be favorable for forage sorghum production. The forage sorghum also presented agronomic characteristics similar to those found in semi humid climate Aw, a favorable region for maize cultivation. In addition, the tested hybrids showed good chemical characteristics, so the BSh climate has great exploratory potential for the cultivation of forage sorghum.Downloads
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References
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Ferreira, D. F. (2011). Sisvar: a computer statistical analysis system. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 35(6), 1039-1042. doi: 10.1590/s1413-70542011000600001
Gomes, S. O., Pitombeira, J. B., Neiva, J. N. M., & Cândido, M. J. D. (2006). Comportamento agronômico e composição químico-bromatológico de cultivares de sorgo forrageiro no Estado do Ceará. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 37(2), 221-227.
Hmielowski, T. (2017). Sorghum: state of the art and future perspectives. CSA News, 62(1), 4-7. doi: 10.21 34/csa2017.62.1109
Kaplan, M., Kara, K., Unlukara, A., Kale, H., Buyukkilic Beyzi, S., Varol, I. S., & Kamalak, A. (2019). Water deficit and nitrogen affects yield and feed value of sorghum sudangrass silage. Agricultural Water Management, 218(1), 30-36. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.03.021
Kljak, K., Pino, F., & Heinrichs, A. J. (2017). Effect of forage to concentrate ratio with sorghum silage as a source of forage on rumen fermentation, N balance, and purine derivative excretion in limit-fed dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(1), 213-223. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11383
Lima, L. O. B., Pires, D. A. A., Moura, M. M. A., Rodrigues, J. A. S., Tolentino, D. C., & Viana, M. C. M. (2017). Características agronômicas e valor nutricional de genótipos de sorgo forrageiro. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 39(1), 7-12. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v39i1.32356
Lyons, S. E., Ketterings, Q. M., Godwin, G. S., Cherney, D. J., Cherney, J. H., Van Amburgh, M. E., & Kilcer, T. F. (2019). Optimal harvest timing for brown midrib forage sorghum yield, nutritive value, and ration performance. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(8), 7134-7149. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16516
Major, D. J., McGinn, S. M., & Beauchemin, K. A. (2021). Climate change impacts on maize heat unit for the Canadian Prairie provinces. Agronomy Journal, 113(2), 1852-1864. doi: 10.1002/agj2.20574
Manarelli, D. M., Orrico, M. A. P., Jr., Retore, M., Vargas, F. M., Jr., Silva, M. S. J., Orrico, A. C. A., & Neves, F. O. (2019). Productive performance and quantitative carcass traits of lambs fed saccharine sorghum silage. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 54(e00577), 1-10. doi: 10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2019. v54.00577
Medina-Méndez, J., Soto-Rocha, J., Hernández-Pérez, M., & Gómez-Tejero, J. (2021) Technology for the production of sorghum for grain in the vertisols of Campeche, Mexico. Agricultural Sciences, 12(6), 666-683. doi: 10.4236/as.2021.126043
Moraes, S. D., Jobim, C. C., Silva, M. S., & Marquardt, F. I. (2013). Produção e composição química de híbridos de sorgo e de milho para silagem. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 14(4), 624-634. doi: 10.1590/s1519-99402013000400002
Paraíso, I. G. N., Pires, O. S. Neto, Gomes, L. S. P., Velasco, F. O., Mourthé, M. H. F., Raidan, F. S. S., & Braz, T. G. S. (2017). Características agronômicas de híbridos de sorgo com potencial forrageiro cultivados no Norte de Minas Gerais. Caderno de Ciências Agrárias, 9(3), 8-17.
Paula, A. D. M., Abreu, E. F., Zandonadi, C. H. S., Litz, F. H., & Albuquerque, C. J. B. (2017). Productivity, nutritional quality and phenotypical stability of varieties of silage sorghum in Uberlndia, MG. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(5), 300-308. doi: 10.5897/ajar2016.11990
Perazzo, A. F., Carvalho, G. G. P., Santos, E. M., Bezerra, H. F. C., Silva, T. C., Pereira, G. A., & Rodrigues, J. A. S. (2017). Agronomic evaluation of sorghum hybrids for silage production cultivated in semiarid conditions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8(1), 1088. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01088
Pinho, R. M. A., Santos, E. M., Oliveira, J. S. de, Bezerra, H. F. C., Freitas, P. M. D., Perazzo, A. F., & Silva, A. P. G. (2015). Sorghum cultivars of different purposes silage. Ciência Rural, 45(2), 298-303. doi: 10. 1590/0103-8478cr20131532
Pino, F., & Heinrichs, A. J. (2017). Sorghum forage in precision-fed dairy heifer diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(1), 224-235. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11551
Rabelo, F. H. S., Rabelo, C. H. S., Dupas, E., Nogueira, D. A., & Rezende, A. V. (2012). Parâmetros agronômicos do sorgo em razão de estratégias de semeadura e adubação. Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Aplicada as Ciências Agrárias, 5(1), 47-66. doi: 10.5777/paet.v5.n1.03
Sanon, M., Hoogenboom, G., Traoré, S. B., Sarr, B., Garcia, A. G. Y., Somé, L., & Roncoli, C. (2014). Photoperiod sensitivity of local millet and sorghum varieties in West Africa. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 68(1), 29-39. doi: 10.1016/j.njas.2013.11.004
Senger, C. C. D., Kozloski, G. V., Bonnecarrère Sanchez, L. M., Mesquita, F. R., Alves, T. P., & Castagnino, D. S. (2008). Evaluation of autoclave procedures for fibre analysis in forage and concentrate feedstuffs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 146(1-2), 169-174. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.12.008
Silva, T. C., Santos, E. M., Macedo, C. H. O., Lima, M. A., Bezerra, H. F. C., Azevêdo, J. A. G., & Oliveira, J. S. (2012). Divergence of the fermentative and bromatological characteristics of 25 sorghum hybrid silages. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(5), 1127-1133. doi: 10.1590/s1516-35982012000500007
Simões, W. L., Guimarães, M. J. M., Araújo, G. G. L., Perazzo, A. F., & Prates, L. D. S. B. (2019). Chemical-bromatological characteristics of forage sorghum varieties irrigated with saline effluents from fish farming. Comunicata Scientiae, 10(1), 195-202. doi: 10.14295/cs.v10i1.1943
Sousa, D. M. G., & Lobato, E. (2004). Cerrado: correção do solo e adubação (2a ed.). Planaltina: EMBRAPA.
Tiritan, C. S., Santos, D. H., Minutti, C. R., Foloni, J. S. S., & Calonego, J. C. (2013). Bromatological composition of sorghum, millet plant and midgetguandu at different cut times in intercropping and monoculture. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 35(2), 183-190. doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v35i2.15772
Traxler, M. J., Fox, D. G., Van Soest, P. J., Pell, A. N., Lascano, C. E., Lanna, D. P. D., … Flores, A. (1998). Predicting forage indigestible NDF from lignin concentration. Journal of Animal Science, 76(5), 1469. doi: 10.2527/1998.7651469x
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant (2nd ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78551-2
Vinutha, K. S., Anil Kumar, G. S., Blümmel, M., & Srinivasa Rao, P. (2017). Evaluation of yield and forage quality in main and ratoon crops of different sorghum lines. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales, 5(1), 40. doi: 10.17138/tgft(5)40-49
Williams-Alanís, H., Zavala-García, F., Arcos-Cavazos, G., Rodríguez-Vázquez, M. C., & Olivares-Sáenz, E. (2017). Características agronómicas asociadas a la producción de bioetanol en genotipos de sorgo dulce. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 28(3), 549-563. doi: 10.15517/ma.v28i3.26690
Wolabu, T. W., & Tadege, M. (2016). Photoperiod response and floral transition in sorghum. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 11(12), e1261232. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1261232
Akinseye, F. M., Ajeigbe, H. A., Traore, P. C. S., Agele, S. O., Zemadim, B., & Whitbread, A. (2020). Improving sorghum productivity under changing climatic conditions: a modelling approach. Field Crops Research, 246(1), 107685. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107685
Alvares, C. A., Stape, J. L., Sentelhas, P. C., Gonçalves, J. L. M., & Sparovek, G. (2013). Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 22(6), 711-728. doi: 10.1127/0941-2948/2013 /0507
Andrade, A. S., Jr., Bastos, E. A., Cardoso, M. J., & Silva, C. O. (2008). Zoneamento de risco climático para a cultura do milho no Estado do Piauí. (Documentos, 170). Teresina: EMBRAPA Meio-Norte.
Andrade, I. V. O., Pires, A. J. V., Carvalho, G. G. P., Veloso, C. M., & Bonomo, P. (2010). Perdas, características fermentativas e valor nutritivo da silagem de capim-elefante contendo subprodutos agrícolas. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(12), 2578-2588. doi: 10.1590/s1516-35982010001200004
Angadi, S. V., Umesh, M. R., Contreras-Govea, F. E., Annadurai, K., Begna, S. H., Marsalis, M. A., & Lauriault, L. M. (2016). In search of annual legumes to improve forage sorghum yield and nutritive value in the southern high plains. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management, 2(1), 1-5. doi: 10.2134/cftm2015.0 182
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (2012). Official methods of analysis (19nd ed.). Washington, DC: AOAC.
Behling, A., Neto, Reis, R. H. P., Cabral, L. D. S., Abreu, J. G. de, Sousa, D. D. P., Pedreira, B. C., & Carvalho, A. P. S. (2017). Fermentation characteristics of different purpose sorghum silage. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 38(4, Supl. 1), 2607. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2607
Costa, R. F., Pires, D. A. A., Moura, M. M. A., Rodrigues, J. A. S., Rocha, V. R., Jr., & Tolentino, D. C. (2016). In situ degradability of dry matter and fibrous fraction of sorghum silage. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 38(2), 171-176. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i2.29576
Detmann, E., Souza, M. V. A., & Valadares, S. C., Fº. (2012). Métodos para análise de alimentos. Visconde do Rio Branco: Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Elias, O. F. A. S., Leite, M. L. D. M. V., Azevedo, J. M., Silva, J. P. S. S., Nascimento, G. F., & Simplício, J. B. (2017). Características agronômicas de cultivares de sorgo em sistema de plantio direto no semiárido de Pernambuco. Revista Ciência Agrícola, 14(1), 29. doi: 10.28998/rca.v14i1.2318
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (2018). Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. Brasília, DF: EMBRAPA.
Ferreira, D. F. (2011). Sisvar: a computer statistical analysis system. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 35(6), 1039-1042. doi: 10.1590/s1413-70542011000600001
Gomes, S. O., Pitombeira, J. B., Neiva, J. N. M., & Cândido, M. J. D. (2006). Comportamento agronômico e composição químico-bromatológico de cultivares de sorgo forrageiro no Estado do Ceará. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 37(2), 221-227.
Hmielowski, T. (2017). Sorghum: state of the art and future perspectives. CSA News, 62(1), 4-7. doi: 10.21 34/csa2017.62.1109
Kaplan, M., Kara, K., Unlukara, A., Kale, H., Buyukkilic Beyzi, S., Varol, I. S., & Kamalak, A. (2019). Water deficit and nitrogen affects yield and feed value of sorghum sudangrass silage. Agricultural Water Management, 218(1), 30-36. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.03.021
Kljak, K., Pino, F., & Heinrichs, A. J. (2017). Effect of forage to concentrate ratio with sorghum silage as a source of forage on rumen fermentation, N balance, and purine derivative excretion in limit-fed dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(1), 213-223. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11383
Lima, L. O. B., Pires, D. A. A., Moura, M. M. A., Rodrigues, J. A. S., Tolentino, D. C., & Viana, M. C. M. (2017). Características agronômicas e valor nutricional de genótipos de sorgo forrageiro. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 39(1), 7-12. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v39i1.32356
Lyons, S. E., Ketterings, Q. M., Godwin, G. S., Cherney, D. J., Cherney, J. H., Van Amburgh, M. E., & Kilcer, T. F. (2019). Optimal harvest timing for brown midrib forage sorghum yield, nutritive value, and ration performance. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(8), 7134-7149. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16516
Major, D. J., McGinn, S. M., & Beauchemin, K. A. (2021). Climate change impacts on maize heat unit for the Canadian Prairie provinces. Agronomy Journal, 113(2), 1852-1864. doi: 10.1002/agj2.20574
Manarelli, D. M., Orrico, M. A. P., Jr., Retore, M., Vargas, F. M., Jr., Silva, M. S. J., Orrico, A. C. A., & Neves, F. O. (2019). Productive performance and quantitative carcass traits of lambs fed saccharine sorghum silage. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 54(e00577), 1-10. doi: 10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2019. v54.00577
Medina-Méndez, J., Soto-Rocha, J., Hernández-Pérez, M., & Gómez-Tejero, J. (2021) Technology for the production of sorghum for grain in the vertisols of Campeche, Mexico. Agricultural Sciences, 12(6), 666-683. doi: 10.4236/as.2021.126043
Moraes, S. D., Jobim, C. C., Silva, M. S., & Marquardt, F. I. (2013). Produção e composição química de híbridos de sorgo e de milho para silagem. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 14(4), 624-634. doi: 10.1590/s1519-99402013000400002
Paraíso, I. G. N., Pires, O. S. Neto, Gomes, L. S. P., Velasco, F. O., Mourthé, M. H. F., Raidan, F. S. S., & Braz, T. G. S. (2017). Características agronômicas de híbridos de sorgo com potencial forrageiro cultivados no Norte de Minas Gerais. Caderno de Ciências Agrárias, 9(3), 8-17.
Paula, A. D. M., Abreu, E. F., Zandonadi, C. H. S., Litz, F. H., & Albuquerque, C. J. B. (2017). Productivity, nutritional quality and phenotypical stability of varieties of silage sorghum in Uberlndia, MG. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(5), 300-308. doi: 10.5897/ajar2016.11990
Perazzo, A. F., Carvalho, G. G. P., Santos, E. M., Bezerra, H. F. C., Silva, T. C., Pereira, G. A., & Rodrigues, J. A. S. (2017). Agronomic evaluation of sorghum hybrids for silage production cultivated in semiarid conditions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8(1), 1088. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01088
Pinho, R. M. A., Santos, E. M., Oliveira, J. S. de, Bezerra, H. F. C., Freitas, P. M. D., Perazzo, A. F., & Silva, A. P. G. (2015). Sorghum cultivars of different purposes silage. Ciência Rural, 45(2), 298-303. doi: 10. 1590/0103-8478cr20131532
Pino, F., & Heinrichs, A. J. (2017). Sorghum forage in precision-fed dairy heifer diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(1), 224-235. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11551
Rabelo, F. H. S., Rabelo, C. H. S., Dupas, E., Nogueira, D. A., & Rezende, A. V. (2012). Parâmetros agronômicos do sorgo em razão de estratégias de semeadura e adubação. Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Aplicada as Ciências Agrárias, 5(1), 47-66. doi: 10.5777/paet.v5.n1.03
Sanon, M., Hoogenboom, G., Traoré, S. B., Sarr, B., Garcia, A. G. Y., Somé, L., & Roncoli, C. (2014). Photoperiod sensitivity of local millet and sorghum varieties in West Africa. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 68(1), 29-39. doi: 10.1016/j.njas.2013.11.004
Senger, C. C. D., Kozloski, G. V., Bonnecarrère Sanchez, L. M., Mesquita, F. R., Alves, T. P., & Castagnino, D. S. (2008). Evaluation of autoclave procedures for fibre analysis in forage and concentrate feedstuffs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 146(1-2), 169-174. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.12.008
Silva, T. C., Santos, E. M., Macedo, C. H. O., Lima, M. A., Bezerra, H. F. C., Azevêdo, J. A. G., & Oliveira, J. S. (2012). Divergence of the fermentative and bromatological characteristics of 25 sorghum hybrid silages. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(5), 1127-1133. doi: 10.1590/s1516-35982012000500007
Simões, W. L., Guimarães, M. J. M., Araújo, G. G. L., Perazzo, A. F., & Prates, L. D. S. B. (2019). Chemical-bromatological characteristics of forage sorghum varieties irrigated with saline effluents from fish farming. Comunicata Scientiae, 10(1), 195-202. doi: 10.14295/cs.v10i1.1943
Sousa, D. M. G., & Lobato, E. (2004). Cerrado: correção do solo e adubação (2a ed.). Planaltina: EMBRAPA.
Tiritan, C. S., Santos, D. H., Minutti, C. R., Foloni, J. S. S., & Calonego, J. C. (2013). Bromatological composition of sorghum, millet plant and midgetguandu at different cut times in intercropping and monoculture. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 35(2), 183-190. doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v35i2.15772
Traxler, M. J., Fox, D. G., Van Soest, P. J., Pell, A. N., Lascano, C. E., Lanna, D. P. D., … Flores, A. (1998). Predicting forage indigestible NDF from lignin concentration. Journal of Animal Science, 76(5), 1469. doi: 10.2527/1998.7651469x
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant (2nd ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78551-2
Vinutha, K. S., Anil Kumar, G. S., Blümmel, M., & Srinivasa Rao, P. (2017). Evaluation of yield and forage quality in main and ratoon crops of different sorghum lines. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales, 5(1), 40. doi: 10.17138/tgft(5)40-49
Williams-Alanís, H., Zavala-García, F., Arcos-Cavazos, G., Rodríguez-Vázquez, M. C., & Olivares-Sáenz, E. (2017). Características agronómicas asociadas a la producción de bioetanol en genotipos de sorgo dulce. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 28(3), 549-563. doi: 10.15517/ma.v28i3.26690
Wolabu, T. W., & Tadege, M. (2016). Photoperiod response and floral transition in sorghum. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 11(12), e1261232. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1261232
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2022-02-25
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Farias, P. C. B. de, Bezerra, L. R., Silva, A. L. da, Nascimento, R. R. do, Azevedo, F. L. de, Ezequiel, F. L. dos S., … Edvan, R. L. (2022). Forage sorghum production under rainfed farming in sites with and without climate restriction for maize cultivation. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(2), 775–796. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n2p775
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