Effect of replacement of forage sorghum silage with biomass sorghum silage in diets for dairy heifers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n1p121Keywords:
Animal performance, BRS 716, Digestibility, Intake. Semiarid.Abstract
This trial aimed to analyze the replacement of forage sorghum silage (FS silage) with biomass sorghum silage (BRS 716 silage) in diets for heifers ¾ Holstein x ¼ Zebu on their nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial production, feeding behavior, and animal performance. Eight heifers with average age 18±4 months (mo) and average body weight (BW) 271 ± 57 kg were used. The experimental design was double-Latin square, 4×4, being four diets, four experimental periods and four animals. Four experimental diets with 0, 33, 67 and 100% substitution of forage sorghum silage with biomass sorghum silage were used. The roughage:concentrate ratio in the total dry matter (DM) of the diets was 75:25. The fraction “b” of DM was higher in the BRS 716 silage. There was no difference (p> 0.05) for dry matter intake (DMI; p = 0.45) and total digestible nutrients intake (p = 0.76). The dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber increased linearly with the inclusion of BRS 716 silage. The feeding times, ruminating and idle have not been changed (p > 0.05). The replacement of FS silage with BRS 716 silage did not modify the average daily weight gain (ADG; p > 0.05; mean 1.30 ± 0.025 kg). Biomass sorghum silage can replace up to 100% forage sorghum silage in the diets of ¾ Holstein x ¼ Zebu heifers.Downloads
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References
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Almeida, L. G. F. de, Parrella, R. A. da C., Simeone, M. L. F., Ribeiro, P. C. de O., Santos, A. S. dos, Costa, A. S. V.,... Schaffert, R. E. (2019). Composition and growth of sorghum biomass genotypes for ethanol production. Biomass and Bioenergy, 122(1), 343-348. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.01.030
Beauchemin, K. A. (2018). Invited review: current perspectives on eating and rumination activity in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(1), 1-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13706
Borges, A. M., Martins, T. M., Nunes, P. P., & Ruas, J. R. M. (2015). Reproduction of crossbreeding dairy cows: potentiality and challenges. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal, 39(1), 155-163.
Borges, L. D. A., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Monção, F. P., Soares, C., Silva, F. V., Rigueira, J. P. S.,... Rabelo, W. O. (2019). Nutritional and productive parameters of Holstein/Zebu cows fed diets containing cactus pear. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 32(9), 1373-1380. doi: 10.5713/ajas.18.0584
Boulton, A. C., Rushton, J., & Wathes, D. C. (2017). An empirical analysis of the cost of rearing dairy heifers from birth to first calving and the time taken to repay these costs. Animal, 11(8), 1372-1380. doi: 10.1017/S1751731117000064
Casali, A. O., Detmann, E., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Pereira, J. C., Cunha, M., Detmann, K. S. C., & Paulino, M. F. (2009). Estimação de teores de componentes fibrosos em alimentos para ruminantes em sacos de diferentes tecidos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38(1), 130-138. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982009000100017
Castro, F. M. R., Bruzi, A. T., Nunes, J. A. R., Parrella, R. A. C., Lombardi, G. M. R., Albuquerque, C. J. B., & Lopes, M. (2015). Agronomic and energetic potential of biomass sorghum genotypes. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(6), 1862-1873. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2015.611187
Chen, X. B., & Gomes, M. J. (1992). Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives- an overview of technical details. Aberdeen, UK: International feed research unit. Rowell Research Institute.
Chizzotti, M. L., Valadares, S. C., Valadares, R. F. D., Fº., Chizzotti, F. H. M., & Tedeschi, L. O. (2008). Determination of creatinine excretion and evaluation of spot urine sampling in Holstein cattle. Livestock Science, 113(2), 218-225. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.03.013
Costa, N. M., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Caldeira, L. A., Monção, F. P., Rabelo, W. O., Silva, F. V.,... Carvalho, C. C. S. (2020). Feeding F1 Holstein x Zebu cows with different roughages and pseudostem hay of banana trees does not influence milk yield and chemical composition of milk and cheese. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1080/1828051X.2020.1773327
Daniel, J. L. P., Bernardes, T. F., Jobim, C. C., Schmidt, P., & Nussio, L. G. (2019). Production and utilization of silages in tropical areas with focus on Brazil. Grass and Forage Science, 74(2), 1-18. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12417
Detmann, E., Gionbelli, M. P., & Huhtanen, P. (2014). A meta-analytical evaluation of the regulation of voluntary intake in cattle fed tropical forage-based diets. Journal of Animal Science, 92(10), 4632-4641. doi: 10.2527/jas.2014-7717
Detmann, E., Souza, M. A., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Queiroz, A. C., Berchielli, T. T., Saliba, E. O. S.,... Azevedo, J. A. G. (2012). Methods for food analysis. Visconde do Rio Branco: Suprema.
Erickson, P. S., Anderson, J. L., Kalscheur, K. F., Lascano, G. J., Akins, M. S., & Heinrichs, A. J. (2020). Symposium review: Strategies to improve the efficiency and profitability of heifer raising. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(6), 5700-5708. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-17419
Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO; FAOSTAT] (2020). Crops and livestock products. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize
Goes, R. H. T. B., Patussi, R. A., Gandra, J. R., Branco, A. F., Cardoso, T. J. L., Oliveira, M. V. M.,... Souza, C. J. S. (2017). The crambe Crambe abyssinica Hochst byproducts, can be used as a source of non-degradable protein in the rumen? Bioscience Journal, 33(1), 113-120. doi: 10.14393/BJ-v33n1a2017-33105
Hoffman, P. C. (1997). Optimum body size of Holstein replacement heifers. Journal of Animal Science, 75(3), 836-845. doi: 10.2527/1997.753836x
Jung, H. G. (1989). Forage lignin and their effects on fiber digestibility. Agricultural Journal, 81(1), 33-38. doi: 10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100010006x
Mohd, N., Steeneveld, W., Mourits, M. C. M., & Hogeveen, H. (2015). The optimal number of heifer calves to be reared as dairy replacements. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(2), 861-871. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8329
Monção, F. P., Costa, M. A. M. S., Rigueira, J. P. S., Moura, M. M. A., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Mesquita, V. G.,... Chamone, J. M. A. (2019a). Yield and nutritional value of BRS capiaçu grass at different regrowth ages. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(5), 745-755. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p2045
Monção, F. P., Costa, M. A. M. S., Rigueira, J. P. S., Sales, E. C. J., Leal, D. B., Silva, M. F. P.,... Rocha, V. R., Jr. (2019b). Productivity and nutritional value of BRS capiaçu grass (Pennisetum purpureum) managed at four regrowth ages in a semiarid region. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(1), 235-241. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-02012-y
National Research Council (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle (7nd rev. ed.). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Nocek, J. E. (1988). In situ and other methods to estimate ruminal protein and energy digestibility: a review. Journal of Dairy Science, 71(8), 2051-2069. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79781-7
Ørskov, E. R., & Mcdonald, I. (1979). The estimation of degradability in the rumen form incubation measurement weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, 92(2), 499-508. doi: 10.1017/S0021859600063048
Pimentel, P. R. S., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Melo, M. T. P., Ruas, J. R. M., Brant, L. M. S., Costa, N. M.,... Maranhão, C. M. A. (2017). Banana peel in the diet for F1 Holstein x Zebu cows. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 38(2), 969-980. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p969
Pino, F., & Heinrichs, A. J. (2017). Sorghum forage in precision-fed dairy heifer diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(1), 224-235. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11551
Queiroz, F. E., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Monção, F. P., Rigueira, J. P. S., Parrella, R. A. C., Rufino, L. D. A.,... Cordeiro, M. W. S. (2021). Effect of row spacing and maturity at harvest on the fermentative profile, aerobic stability, and nutritional characteristics of biomass sorghum (BRS 716) silage in the semiarid region of Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 50(1), e20200254. doi: 10.37496/rbz5020200254
Ramos, J. C. P., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Monção, F. P., Parrela, R. A. C., Caxito, A. M., Cordeiro, M. W. S.,... Pires, D. A. A. (2021). Effect of replacing forage sorghum silage with biomass sorghum silage in diets for F1 Holstein × Zebu lactating cows. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s11250-020-02503-3
Silva, F. A. S., Valadares, S. C., F., Detmann, E., Santos, S. A., Godoi, L. A., Silva, B. C.,... Rotta, P. P. (2018). Effect of different forage types and concentrate levels on energy conversion, enteric methane production, and animal performance of Holstein x Zebu heifers. Animal Production Science, 57(10), 2042-2050. doi: 10.1071/AN16093
Sniffen, C. J., Robinson, P. H. (1987). Protein and fiber digestion, passage, and utilization in lactating cows. Microbial growth and flow as influenced by dietary manipulations. Journal of Dairy Science, 70(2),425-41. doi: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(87)80027-9
Souza, I. D. A. S., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Monção, F. P., Parrella, R. A. C., Cordeiro, M. W. S., Carvalho, C. C. S.,... Delvaux, N. A., Jr. (2021). Yield and nutritional value of biomass sorghum (BRS 716) managed in different row spacing and maturity at harvest in the semiarid region of Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(6), 3463-3484. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6p3463
Statistical Analysis System (2008). SAS/STAT 9.0 users guide. inc. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
Verbic, J., Chen, X. B., & Macleod, N. A. (1990). Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants. Effect of microbial nucleic acid infusionon purine derivative excretion by steers. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 114(3), 243-248. doi: 10.1017/S0021859600072610
Waldo, D. R., Smith, L. W., & Cox, L. E. (1972). Model of cellulose disappearance from the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science, 55(1), 125-129. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(72)85442-0
Williams, K. T., Weigel, K. A., Coblentz, W. K., Esser, N. M., Schlesser, H., Hoffman, P. C.,… Akins, M. S. (2019). Effect of diet energy density and genomic residual feed intake on pre-bred dairy heifer feed efficiency, growth, and manure excretion. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(5), 1-10. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15504
Almeida, L. G. F. de, Parrella, R. A. da C., Simeone, M. L. F., Ribeiro, P. C. de O., Santos, A. S. dos, Costa, A. S. V.,... Schaffert, R. E. (2019). Composition and growth of sorghum biomass genotypes for ethanol production. Biomass and Bioenergy, 122(1), 343-348. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.01.030
Beauchemin, K. A. (2018). Invited review: current perspectives on eating and rumination activity in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(1), 1-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13706
Borges, A. M., Martins, T. M., Nunes, P. P., & Ruas, J. R. M. (2015). Reproduction of crossbreeding dairy cows: potentiality and challenges. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal, 39(1), 155-163.
Borges, L. D. A., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Monção, F. P., Soares, C., Silva, F. V., Rigueira, J. P. S.,... Rabelo, W. O. (2019). Nutritional and productive parameters of Holstein/Zebu cows fed diets containing cactus pear. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 32(9), 1373-1380. doi: 10.5713/ajas.18.0584
Boulton, A. C., Rushton, J., & Wathes, D. C. (2017). An empirical analysis of the cost of rearing dairy heifers from birth to first calving and the time taken to repay these costs. Animal, 11(8), 1372-1380. doi: 10.1017/S1751731117000064
Casali, A. O., Detmann, E., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Pereira, J. C., Cunha, M., Detmann, K. S. C., & Paulino, M. F. (2009). Estimação de teores de componentes fibrosos em alimentos para ruminantes em sacos de diferentes tecidos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38(1), 130-138. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982009000100017
Castro, F. M. R., Bruzi, A. T., Nunes, J. A. R., Parrella, R. A. C., Lombardi, G. M. R., Albuquerque, C. J. B., & Lopes, M. (2015). Agronomic and energetic potential of biomass sorghum genotypes. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(6), 1862-1873. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2015.611187
Chen, X. B., & Gomes, M. J. (1992). Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives- an overview of technical details. Aberdeen, UK: International feed research unit. Rowell Research Institute.
Chizzotti, M. L., Valadares, S. C., Valadares, R. F. D., Fº., Chizzotti, F. H. M., & Tedeschi, L. O. (2008). Determination of creatinine excretion and evaluation of spot urine sampling in Holstein cattle. Livestock Science, 113(2), 218-225. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.03.013
Costa, N. M., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Caldeira, L. A., Monção, F. P., Rabelo, W. O., Silva, F. V.,... Carvalho, C. C. S. (2020). Feeding F1 Holstein x Zebu cows with different roughages and pseudostem hay of banana trees does not influence milk yield and chemical composition of milk and cheese. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1080/1828051X.2020.1773327
Daniel, J. L. P., Bernardes, T. F., Jobim, C. C., Schmidt, P., & Nussio, L. G. (2019). Production and utilization of silages in tropical areas with focus on Brazil. Grass and Forage Science, 74(2), 1-18. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12417
Detmann, E., Gionbelli, M. P., & Huhtanen, P. (2014). A meta-analytical evaluation of the regulation of voluntary intake in cattle fed tropical forage-based diets. Journal of Animal Science, 92(10), 4632-4641. doi: 10.2527/jas.2014-7717
Detmann, E., Souza, M. A., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Queiroz, A. C., Berchielli, T. T., Saliba, E. O. S.,... Azevedo, J. A. G. (2012). Methods for food analysis. Visconde do Rio Branco: Suprema.
Erickson, P. S., Anderson, J. L., Kalscheur, K. F., Lascano, G. J., Akins, M. S., & Heinrichs, A. J. (2020). Symposium review: Strategies to improve the efficiency and profitability of heifer raising. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(6), 5700-5708. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-17419
Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO; FAOSTAT] (2020). Crops and livestock products. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize
Goes, R. H. T. B., Patussi, R. A., Gandra, J. R., Branco, A. F., Cardoso, T. J. L., Oliveira, M. V. M.,... Souza, C. J. S. (2017). The crambe Crambe abyssinica Hochst byproducts, can be used as a source of non-degradable protein in the rumen? Bioscience Journal, 33(1), 113-120. doi: 10.14393/BJ-v33n1a2017-33105
Hoffman, P. C. (1997). Optimum body size of Holstein replacement heifers. Journal of Animal Science, 75(3), 836-845. doi: 10.2527/1997.753836x
Jung, H. G. (1989). Forage lignin and their effects on fiber digestibility. Agricultural Journal, 81(1), 33-38. doi: 10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100010006x
Mohd, N., Steeneveld, W., Mourits, M. C. M., & Hogeveen, H. (2015). The optimal number of heifer calves to be reared as dairy replacements. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(2), 861-871. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8329
Monção, F. P., Costa, M. A. M. S., Rigueira, J. P. S., Moura, M. M. A., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Mesquita, V. G.,... Chamone, J. M. A. (2019a). Yield and nutritional value of BRS capiaçu grass at different regrowth ages. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(5), 745-755. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p2045
Monção, F. P., Costa, M. A. M. S., Rigueira, J. P. S., Sales, E. C. J., Leal, D. B., Silva, M. F. P.,... Rocha, V. R., Jr. (2019b). Productivity and nutritional value of BRS capiaçu grass (Pennisetum purpureum) managed at four regrowth ages in a semiarid region. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(1), 235-241. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-02012-y
National Research Council (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle (7nd rev. ed.). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Nocek, J. E. (1988). In situ and other methods to estimate ruminal protein and energy digestibility: a review. Journal of Dairy Science, 71(8), 2051-2069. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79781-7
Ørskov, E. R., & Mcdonald, I. (1979). The estimation of degradability in the rumen form incubation measurement weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, 92(2), 499-508. doi: 10.1017/S0021859600063048
Pimentel, P. R. S., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Melo, M. T. P., Ruas, J. R. M., Brant, L. M. S., Costa, N. M.,... Maranhão, C. M. A. (2017). Banana peel in the diet for F1 Holstein x Zebu cows. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 38(2), 969-980. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p969
Pino, F., & Heinrichs, A. J. (2017). Sorghum forage in precision-fed dairy heifer diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(1), 224-235. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11551
Queiroz, F. E., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Monção, F. P., Rigueira, J. P. S., Parrella, R. A. C., Rufino, L. D. A.,... Cordeiro, M. W. S. (2021). Effect of row spacing and maturity at harvest on the fermentative profile, aerobic stability, and nutritional characteristics of biomass sorghum (BRS 716) silage in the semiarid region of Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 50(1), e20200254. doi: 10.37496/rbz5020200254
Ramos, J. C. P., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Monção, F. P., Parrela, R. A. C., Caxito, A. M., Cordeiro, M. W. S.,... Pires, D. A. A. (2021). Effect of replacing forage sorghum silage with biomass sorghum silage in diets for F1 Holstein × Zebu lactating cows. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s11250-020-02503-3
Silva, F. A. S., Valadares, S. C., F., Detmann, E., Santos, S. A., Godoi, L. A., Silva, B. C.,... Rotta, P. P. (2018). Effect of different forage types and concentrate levels on energy conversion, enteric methane production, and animal performance of Holstein x Zebu heifers. Animal Production Science, 57(10), 2042-2050. doi: 10.1071/AN16093
Sniffen, C. J., Robinson, P. H. (1987). Protein and fiber digestion, passage, and utilization in lactating cows. Microbial growth and flow as influenced by dietary manipulations. Journal of Dairy Science, 70(2),425-41. doi: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(87)80027-9
Souza, I. D. A. S., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Monção, F. P., Parrella, R. A. C., Cordeiro, M. W. S., Carvalho, C. C. S.,... Delvaux, N. A., Jr. (2021). Yield and nutritional value of biomass sorghum (BRS 716) managed in different row spacing and maturity at harvest in the semiarid region of Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(6), 3463-3484. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6p3463
Statistical Analysis System (2008). SAS/STAT 9.0 users guide. inc. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
Verbic, J., Chen, X. B., & Macleod, N. A. (1990). Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants. Effect of microbial nucleic acid infusionon purine derivative excretion by steers. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 114(3), 243-248. doi: 10.1017/S0021859600072610
Waldo, D. R., Smith, L. W., & Cox, L. E. (1972). Model of cellulose disappearance from the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science, 55(1), 125-129. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(72)85442-0
Williams, K. T., Weigel, K. A., Coblentz, W. K., Esser, N. M., Schlesser, H., Hoffman, P. C.,… Akins, M. S. (2019). Effect of diet energy density and genomic residual feed intake on pre-bred dairy heifer feed efficiency, growth, and manure excretion. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(5), 1-10. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15504
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2022-01-10
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Queiroz, F. E. de, Rocha Júnior, V. R., Monção, F. P., Rigueira, J. P. S., Silva, F. V. e, Alencar, A. M. S., … Costa, M. D. da. (2022). Effect of replacement of forage sorghum silage with biomass sorghum silage in diets for dairy heifers. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(1), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n1p121
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