Single and split nitrogen application on the forage yield, morphogenesis, chemical composition, and tissue nitrogen fractions of Cynodon nlemfuensis under mob grazing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n3p973Keywords:
African star grass, Tropical grasses, Topdressing fertilization, Forage, Protein fractions.Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the forage production, nutritional value (including protein fractions), and morphogenic characteristics of African star grass on nitrogen fertilizer in a single application and split applications of two and four, under mob grazing. The study was conducted on a 1.5 ha area with well-established African star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis). The area was divided into 18 paddocks of 400 m2. for three treatments and six replications that were assigned through a randomized block design. The treatments were: Nap1 =Single N application; Nap2= split into two N applications; and Nap4: split into four N applications. Fertilizer application was 200 kg ha-1 of N in topdressing. Pasture was monitored weekly by sward height. Grazing began when the forage reached between 25 and 30 cm in height and ceased at 10 cm. In almost all months evaluated, Nap1 recorded the highest forage production, daily accumulation rate and available forage mass. Some morphogenic characteristics changed between the fertilization strategies, particularly in the months with greater water availability. The chemical composition did not fluctuate between treatments. African star grass can be fertilized with a single application of nitrogen at 200 kg ha-1 to attain greater forage mass and proportion of leaves, without any changes to the chemical composition and nitrogen fractions. These components were modified by the vegetative phase of the forage.Downloads
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Apolinario, V. X. O., Dubeux, J. C. B., Jr., Mello, A. C. L., Vendramini, J. M. B., Lira, M. A., Santos, M. V. F., & Muir, J. P. (2013). Deposition and decomposition of signal grass pasture litter under varying nitrogen fertilizer and stocking rates. Agronomy Journal, 105(4), 999-1004. doi: 10.2134/agronj2012.04 33
Assmann, J. M., Anghinoni, I., Martins, A. P., Costa, E. V. G. A., Cecagno, D., Carlos, F. S., & Carvalho, P. C. F. (2014). Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and fractions in a long term integrated crop livestock system under no tillage in southern Brazil. Agriculture, Ecosystem & Enviroment, 190(1), 52-59. doi: 10.1016/j. agee.2013.12.003
Assmann, J. M., Anghinoni, I., Martins, A. P., Costa, S. E. V. G. de A., Kunrath, T. R., Bayer, C., & Franzluebbers, A. J. (2015). Carbon and nitrogen cycling in an integrated soybean beef cattle production system under different grazing intensities Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 50(10), 967-978. doi: 10.1 590/S0100-204X2015001000013
Assmann, T. S., Sonego, E. T., Assmann, A. L., Adami, P. F. & Cuzzi, C. (2018). Effect of splitting nitrogen fertilization on Tifton 85: Yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen nutritional status of plants and soil. African Journal Agricultural Research, 13(22), 1154-1162. doi: 10.5897 /AJAR2017.12869
Campos, F., P., Nicácio, D. R. O., Sarmento, P., Cruz, M. C. P., Santos, T. M., Faria, A. V. F.,... Lima, C. G. (2016). Chemical composition and in vitro ruminal digestibility of hand-plucked samples of Xaraes palisade grass fertilized with incremental levels of nitrogen. Animal Feed Science Technology, 215(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015. 12.013
Cardoso, R. A., Bento, A. S., Moreski, H. M., & Gasparotto, F. (2014). Influência da adubação verde nas propriedades físicas e biológicas do solo e na produtividade da cultura de soja. Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 35(2), 51-60. doi: 10.5433/1679-0367.2014v35n2p51
Carrere, P., Louault, F., & Soussana, J. F. (1997). Tissue turnover within grass-clover mixed swards grazed by sheep. methodology for calculating growth, senescence and intake fluxes. Journal Applied Ecology, 34(2), 333-348. doi: 10.2307/2404880.
Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo - RS - SC. (2004). Manual de adubação e calagem para os Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. (10nd ed.), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Delevatti, L. M., Cardoso, A. S., Barbero, R. P., Leite, R. G., Romanzini, E. P., Ruggieri, A. C., & Reis, R. A. (2019). Effect of nitrogen application rate on yield, forage quality, and animal performance in a tropical pasture. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44138-x
Dubeux, J. C. B., & Sollenberger, L. E. (2020). Nutrient cycling in grazed pastures. In M. Rouquete, & G. E. Aiken (Eds.), Management strategies for sustainable cattle production in southern pastures, (pp. 59-75). London, UK: Academic Press.
Goering, H. K., & Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage fiber analysis. Apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications. Washington, USA: Agricultural Handbook.
Kunkle, W. E., & Bates, D. B. (1998). Evaluating feed purchasing options: energy, protein, and mineral supplements. Proceeding of the Annual Florida Beef Cattle Short Course, Gainesville, Florida, USA, 47.
Licitra, G., Hernandez, T. M., & Van Soest, P. J. (1996). Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science Technology, 57(4), 347-358. doi: 10.1016/0377-84 01(95)00837-3
Mooshammer, M., Wanek, W., Hammerle, I., Fuchslueger, L., Hofhansl, F., Knoltsch, A., Richter, A. (2014). Adjustment of microbial nitrogen use efficiency to carbon: nitrogen imbalances regulates soil nitrogen cycling. Nature Communications, 5(3694), 3694. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4694
Paciullo, D. S. C., Gomide, C. A. M., Castro, C. R. T., Fernandes, P. B., & Morenz, M. J. F. (2017). Morphogenesis, biomass and nutritive value of Panicum maximum under different shade levels and fertilizer nitrogen rates. Grassland Forage Science, 72(3), 590-600. doi: 10.1111/ gfs.12264
Quaresma, J. P. S., Almeida, R. G., Abreu, J. G., Cabral, L. S., Oliveira, M. A., & Carvalho, D. M. G. (2011). Produção e composição bromatológica do capim tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) submetido a doses de nitrogênio. Acta Scientiarum Animal Science, 33(2), 145-150. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v33i2.9261
Sartor, L. R., Assmann, T. S., Soares, A. B., Adami, P. F., Assmann, A. L., & Pitta, C. S. R. (2011). Eficiência de uso da adubação nitrogenada, recuperação e lixiviação do nitrogênio em pastagem de capim-papuã. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 35(3), 899-906. doi: 10.1590/S0100-06832011000300024
Statistical Analysis System Institute (2013). SAS/STAT R 13.1 User s guide. Cary, North Carolina, USA. SAS Institute Inc.
Tilley, J. M. A. A., & Terry, R. A. (1963). A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Grassland Forage Science, 18(2), 104-111. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Ziech, M. F., Olivo, C. J., Ziech, A. R. D., Paris, W., Agnolin, C. A., & Meinerz, G. R. (2015). Nutritive value of pastures of Cynodon mixed with forage peanut in southwestern Paraná State. Acta Scientiarum Animal Science, 37(7), 243. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v37i3.26872
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Published
2022-02-28
How to Cite
Matos, O. I. T., Paris, W., Costa, O. A. D., Paula, F. L. M. de, Paula, A. L. de, Cavazzana, J. F., … Menezes, L. F. G. de. (2022). Single and split nitrogen application on the forage yield, morphogenesis, chemical composition, and tissue nitrogen fractions of Cynodon nlemfuensis under mob grazing. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(3), 973–986. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n3p973
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