Metabolic status of crossbred Charolais × Nellore cows throughout the final third of gestation and lactation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1259Keywords:
Body condition, Blood metabolite, Glucose, Reproduction.Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic status of beef cows during the final third of gestation and thereafter until the end of the subsequent breeding season. The study was conducted using 30 beef cows, aged between 4 and 11 years, derived from crosses between Charolais and Nellore cattle. To assess the metabolic status of cows, we obtained measurements of body weight and condition (BW and BCS), and complemented these by analyzing the following blood metabolites: total proteins, globulins, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Assessments were performed at 95 days pre-calving, and again at 7, 21, 63, and 110 days post-calving. The experimental design was completely randomized with five collection periods and 30 repetitions (cows). The BW of cows was found to be highest at 110 days postpartum (489.1 kg), and loss of BW was observed between 21 and 63 days postpartum (-3.72 kg). The lowest BCS value was recorded after 63 days of lactation (2.85 points). With respect to blood metabolites, concentrations of total proteins were higher at 7 and 110 days postpartum relative to the levels recorded during gestation (8.3 and 8.3 vs. 7.7 g dL-1, respectively), whereas serum globulin levels were higher at 7, 21, and 110 days postpartum relative to those at gestation (5.2, 5.2, and 5.1 vs. 4.8 g dL -1, respectively). Compared with samples obtained during gestation, the highest levels of albumin (P < 0.05) were observed at 7, 63, and 110 days postpartum (3.1, 3.1, and 3.2 vs. 2.9 g dL-1, respectively). Serum glucose was higher during pregnancy and in the first week of lactation relative to the values recorded after 21 and 63 days of lactation (80.9 and 76.7 vs 71.5 and 72.3 mg dL-1, respectively). Moreover, cholesterol concentrations increased with the progression of lactation, with the highest value being recorded at 110 days postpartum (222.1 mg dL-1). Collectively, the findings of this study, indicate that Charolais × Nellore cows raised exclusively on native pasture mobilize body reserves, lose weight, and show a negative energy balance during the first weeks of lactation, with detrimental consequences for subsequent reproductive activity.Downloads
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Wetteman, R. P., Lents, C. A., Ciccioli, L. H., White, F. J., & Rubio, I. (2003). Nutritional and suckling mediated anovulation in beef cows. Journal of Animal Science, 67(1), 785-793. doi: 10.2527/2003.81 14_suppl_2E48
Astessiano, A. L., Pérez-Clariget, R., Espasandín, A. C., López-Mazz, C., Soca, P., & Carriquiry, M. (2013). Metabolic, productive and reproductive responses postpartum short-term supplementation in primiparous beef cows. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 42(4), 246-253. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982013 000400003
Bauman, D. E., & Bruce Currie, W. (1980). Partitioning of nutrients during pregnancy and lactation: a review of mechanisms involving homeostasis e homeorhesis. Journal of Dairy Science, 63(1), 1514-1529. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)83111-0
Bolzan, R. P., Stradiotti, D., Jr., Penna, C. O., Jr., Binoti, D. H. B., Lima, R. A., & Shimoda, E. (2011). Perfil metabólico proteico em dois grupos genéticos de vacas Primíparas Holandês x Gir, em dois períodos da lactação, no período da seca nos trópicos. Revista Científica de Produção Animal, 13(1), 94-99. doi: 10. 15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v13n1p94-99
Colazo, M. G., Hayirli, A., Doepel, L., & Ambrose, D. J. (2009). Reproductive performance of dairy cows is influenced by prepartum feed restriction and dietary fatty acid source. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(1), 2562-2571. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1517
Cooper-Prado, M. J., Rubio, I., Long, N. M., Davis, M. P., Spicer, L. J., & Wettemann, R. P. (2018). Effects of body weight gain and bovine somatotropin treatment of postpartum beef cows on concentrations of IGF-1, insulin, and glucose in blood plasma; luteal activity; and calf growth. The Professional Animal Scientist, 34(1), 513-521. doi: 10.15232/pas.2018-01746
Duarte, M. F., Jr., Zervoudakis, K., Zervoudakis, J. T., Tsuneda, P. P., Silva, J. A., Silva, R. P.,… Almeida, R. D. (2015). Suplementação de fêmeas bovinas em pastejo: aspectos nutricionais e reprodutivos. PubVet, 9(7), 321-336. doi: pubvet.com.br/artigo/238
Gutiérrez, V., Espasandín, A. C., Machado, P., Bielli, A., Genovese, P., & Carriquiry, M. (2014). Effects of calf early nutrition on muscle fiber characteristics and gene expression. Livestock Science, 167(1), 408-416. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.07.010
Holtenius, K., Agenäs, S., Delavaud, C., & Chilliard, Y. (2003). Effects of feeding intensity during the dry period: metabolic and hormonal responses. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(1), 883-891. doi: 10.3168/jds. S0022-0302(03)73671-6
Joner, G., Alves, D. C., Fº., Brondani, I. L., Borchate, D., Klein, J. L., Domingues, C. C.,... Machado, D. S. (2018). Partum and postpartum characteristics on the postpartum rebreeding in beef cattle. Anais da academia brasileira de ciências, 90(Suppl. 1), 2479-2490. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201820171005
Kaneko, J. J., Harvey, J. W., & Bruss, M. C. (2008). Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals (6nd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press.
Kenyon, P. R., Maloney, S. K., & Blache, D. (2014). Review of sheep body condition in relation to production characteristics. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 57(1), 38-64. doi: 10.1080/ 00288233.2013.857698
McArt, J. A. A., Nydam, D. V., Oetzel, G. R., Overton, T. R., & Ospina, P. A. (2013). Elevated non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate and their association with transition dairy cow performance. Veterinary Journal, 198(3), 560-570. doi: 101016/j.tvjl.2013.08.011
Morales Piñeyrúa, J. T. M., Fariña, S. R., & Mendoza, A. (2018). Effects of parity on productive, reproductive, metabolic and hormonal responses of Holstein cows. Animal Reproduction Science, 191(1), 9-21. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.01.017
Parr, M. H., Crowe, M. A., Lonergan, P., Evans, A. C. O., Fair, T., & Diskin, M. G. (2015). The concurrent and carry over effects of long term changes in energy intake before insemination on progeny per artificial insemination in heifers. Animal Reproduction Science, 157(1), 87-94. doi: 10.1016/J. ANIREPROSCI.2015.03.019
Santos, S. A., Abreu, U. G. P. D., Souza, G. D. S., & Catto, J. B. (2009). Condição corporal, variação de peso e desempenho reprodutivo de vacas de cria em pastagem nativa no pantanal. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38(2), 354-360. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982009000200019
Silva, V. L., Borges, I., Araújo, A. R., Costa, H. H. A., Alves, F. M., Fº., Inácio, D. F. S.,... Alcântara, P. B. X. (2016). Importância da nutrição energética e proteica sobre a reprodução em ruminantes. Acta Kariri Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, 1(1), 38-47. doi: actakariri.crato.ifce.edu.br/index.php/actakariri/article/ view/5
Silveira, M. F., Restle, J., Menezes, L. F. G., Brondani, I. L., Nörnberg, J. L., & Callegaro, A. M. (2012). Metabólitos sanguíneos de vacas de corte suplementadas ou não com Sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos durante o período pré e/ou pós-parto. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 64(6), 1418-1426. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352012000600003
Smuts, M. P., De Bruyn, S., Thompson, P. N., & Holm, D. E. (2019). Serum albumin concentration of donor cows as an indicator of developmental competence of oocytes. Theriogenology, 125(1), 184-192. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.002
Torres, H. L., Tineo, J. O., & Raidan, F. S. S. (2015). Influência do escore de condição corporal na probabilidade de prenhez em bovinos de corte. Archivos de Zootecnia, 64(247), 255-260. doi: 10.21071/ az.v64i247.403
Webb, M. J., Block, J. J., Funston, R. N., Underwood, K. R., Legako, J. F., Harty, A. A.,… Blair, A. D. (2019). Influence of maternal protein restriction in primiparous heifers during mid and/or late-gestation on meat quality and fatty acid profile of progeny. Meat Science, 152(1), 31-37. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci. 2019.02.006
Wetteman, R. P., Lents, C. A., Ciccioli, L. H., White, F. J., & Rubio, I. (2003). Nutritional and suckling mediated anovulation in beef cows. Journal of Animal Science, 67(1), 785-793. doi: 10.2527/2003.81 14_suppl_2E48
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Published
2021-03-19
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Klein, J. L., Adams, S. M., Alves Filho, D. C., Maidana, F. M., Brondani, I. L., Cocco, J. M., … Robalo, S. S. (2021). Metabolic status of crossbred Charolais × Nellore cows throughout the final third of gestation and lactation. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(3), 1259–1270. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1259
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