Levels of substitution of corn by soybean hulls in high-concentrate diets for finishing beef heifers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p2245Keywords:
Starch, By-product, Carcass traits, Dry matter intake, Feed conversion, Marbling.Abstract
We examined the production performance of Nellore heifers fed high-concentrate (90%) diets in which ground corn (GC) was substituted by ground soybean hulls (SH) at increasing levels (0, 33, 66, and 100%), in the concentrate portion. A total of 144 heifers (263.40 ± 13.90 kg average initial weight; 27 months old) received the test diets in a feedlot for 112 days. The experiment was set up as a completely randomised design with four treatments. Data were subjected to ANOVA and orthogonal contrasts, adopting ? = 5%. The sum of squares of treatments in the contrast analysis was decomposed into two orthogonal contrasts (L - linear and Q - quadratic effect) for the level of SH substituting GC. Dry matter intake was not changed by the GC substitution levels, averaging 2.51% of body weight. There was a linear increase in neutral detergent fibre intake (1.08, 2.03, 2.92, 3.78, 4.85 kg/day) and feed conversion (6.20, 7.08, 7.77, and 8.67 kg/kg); and a linear decrease in total digestible nutrient intake (5.78, 5.16, 5.03, 5.12, and 3.66 kg/day), average daily gain (1.24, 1.11, 1.02, and 0.89 kg/day), and slaughter weight (383.52, 374.71, 363.25, and 366.27 kg) as the substitution level was increased (0, 33, 66, and 100%, respectively). Subcutaneous fat thickness and loin-eye area were not influenced (P > 0.05), averaging 5.30 mm and 53.09 cm2, respectively. Substituting ground corn by ground soybean hulls in high-concentrate diets determined a reduction in production performance of feedlot-finished Nellore heifers.Downloads
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References
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Association of Official Analytical (2002). Chemists official methods of analysis. Gaithersburg, MD: Edited by William Horwitz.
Berchielli, T. T., Pires, A. V., & Oliveira, S. G. de. O. (2011). Nutrição de ruminantes. Jaboticabal: Funep.
Berg, R. T., & Butterfield, R. M. (1976). New concepts of cattle growth. New York: Sidney University.
Bittner, C. J., Nuttelman, B. L., Schneider, C. J., Burken, D. B., Johnson, L. J., Mader, T. L.,... Erickson, G. E. (2016). Effects of increasing soybean hulls in finishing diets with wet or modified distillers grains plus solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. The Professional Animal Scientist, 32(6), 777-783. doi: 10.15232/pas.2016-01507
Cannas, A., Cabiddu, A., Bomboi, G., Ligios, S., Floris, B., & Molle, G. (2013). Decreasing dietary NFC concentration during mid-lactation of dairy ewes: does it result in higher milk production? Small Ruminant Research, 111(1-3), 41-49. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.09.009
Cardoso, A. B., Moraes, E. H. B. K., Oliveira, A. S., Zervoudakis, J. T., Cabral, L. S., Silva, P. I. J. L. R., & Socreppa, L. M. (2013). Substituição parcial do milho por fontes energéticas para bovinos de corte em pastejo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48(9), 1295-1302. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X20130009000 1 4
Di Marco, O. N. (1998). Crescimento de vacunos para carne. Balcarce: Associación Argentina de Producción Animal.
Ferreira, E. M., Pires, A. V., Susin, I., Mendes, C. Q., Queiroz, M. A. A., Araujo, R. C.,... Loerch, S. C. (2011). Apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and ruminal constituents in ram lambs fed high-concentrate diets containing soybean hulls. Journal of Animal Science, 89(12), 4127-4133. doi: 10.2527/ jas.2010-3419
Freitas, L. da. S., Brondani, I. L., Segabinazzi, L. R., Restle, J., Alves, D. C., Fº., Pizzuti, L. A.,... Rodrigues, L. S. (2013). Performance of finishing steers fed different sources of carbohydrates. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 42(5), 354-362. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982013000500008
Gentil, R. S., Susin, I., Pires, A. V., Ferreira, E. M., Mendes, C. Q., Almeida, O. C., & Queiroz, M. A. A. (2011). Metabolismo de nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com casca de soja em substituição ao feno de coastcross. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(12), 2835-2843. doi: 10.1590/S1516-359820110012 00030
Gomes, I. P. O, Neto, A. T., Medeiros, L. A., Orsolin, V., Neto, E. P., & Semmelmann, C. E. N. (2012). Níveis de casca de soja em rações concentradas para bezerros de raças leiteiras. Archives of Veterinary Science, 17(2), 52-57. doi: 10.5380/avs.v17i2.16270
Hashimoto, J. H., Alcalde, C. R., Alcalde, C. R., Zambom, M. A., Silva, K. T. da., Macedo, F. A. F.,... Passionato, G. O. (2007). Desempenho e digestibilidade aparente em cabritos Boer x Saanen em confinamento recebendo rações com casca do grão de soja em substituição ao milho. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 36(1), 174-182. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982007000100021
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatísticas (2018). Diretoria de pesquisas, coordenação de agropecuária, pesquisa da pecuária municipal e pesquisa trimestral do abate de animais 2018. Recuperado de http://brasilemsintese.ibge.gov.br/agropecuaria/efetivos-da-pecuaria.html
Ipharraguerre, I. R., & Clark, J. H. (2003). Soyhulls as an alternative feed for lactating dairy cows: a review. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(4), 1052-1073. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73689-3
Ludden, P. A., Cecava, M. J., & Hendrix, K. S. (1995). The value of soybean hulls as a replacement for corn in beef cattle diets formulated with or without added fat. Journal of Animal Science, 73(9), 2706-2711. doi: 10.2527/1995.7392706x
Mielenz, J. R., Bardsley, J. S., & Wyman, C. E. (2009). Fermentation of soybean hulls to ethanol while preserving protein value. Bioresource Technology, 100(14), 3532-3539. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009. 02.044
Missio, R. L., Brondani, I. L., Freitas, L. da. S., Sachet, R. H., Silva, J. H. S., & Restle, J. (2009). Desempenho e avaliação econômica da terminação de tourinhos em confinamento alimentados com diferentes níveis de concentrado na dieta. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38(7), 1309-1316. doi: 10. 1590/S1516-35982009000700021
Missio, R. L., Restle, J., Moletta, J. L., Kuss, F., Neiva, J. N. M, & Moura, I. C. F. (2013). Características da carcaça de vacas de descarte abatidas com diferentes pesos. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 44(3), 644-651. doi: Recuperado de http://www.ccarevista.ufc.br/seer/index.php/ccarevista/article/view/1879/845
Mohammadzadeh, H., Rezayazdi, K., & Nikkhah, A. (2014). Effects of inclusion of graded amounts of soya bean hulls on feed intake, chewing activity and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 98(3), 476-482. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12094
Mueller, C. J., & Boggs, D. L. (2011). Use of soybean hulls with or without corn by-product protein sources in feedlot back grounding diets. The Professional Animal Scientist, 27(3), 228-234. doi: 10.15232/ S1080-7446(15)30478-2
Mueller, C. J., Blalock, H. M., & Pritchard, R. H. (2011). Use of soybean hulls as a replacement for dry rolled corn in beef cattle feedlot receiving diets. Journal of Animal Science, 89(12), 4142-4150. doi: 10. 2527/jas.2010-3653
Müller, L. (1987). Normas para avaliação de carcaças e concurso de carcaças de novilhos (2nd ed.). Santa Maria: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.
National Research Council (1996). Nutrient requirement of beef cattle (7nd ed.). Washington: National Academy.
Ranathunga, S. D., Kalscheur, K. F., Hippen, A. R., & Schingoethe, D. J. (2010). Replacement of starch from corn with nonforage fiber from distillers grains and soyhulls in diets of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(3), 1086-1097. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2332
Restle, J. (1977). Efeito da suplementação com energia e energia-proteína no ganho de peso e no comportamento reprodutivo de vacas. Revista da Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRGS, 1(2), 203-204.
Rezende, P. L. P., Restle, J., Bilego, U. O., Fernandes, J. J. R, Missio, L. R., Menezes, G. R., & Guimarães, T. P. (2018). Digestibility and feeding behavior of cattle fed soybean hulls to replace corn in high concentrate diets. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 39(1), 363-372. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n1p363
Rezende, P. L. P., Restle, J., Fernades, J. J. R., Pádua, J. T., Neto, M. D. F., & Rocha, F. M. (2011). Performance and body development crossbred dairy cattle submitted to levels of supplementation in Brachiaria brizantha. Ciência Rural, 41(8), 1453-1458. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782011005000097
Rezende, P. L. P., Restle, J., Padua, J. T., Fernandes, J. J. R., Lino, F. A., & Guimarães, T. P. (2013). Carcass morphometry of crossbred steers subjected to different nutritional strategies in the growing and finishing phases. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 35(2), 187-192. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v3 5i2.17904
Rodrigues, K., Rossi, P., Jr., & Moletta, J. (2008). Avaliação das características de carcaça de bovinos mestiços Purunã, alimentados com diferentes níveis de energia na dieta. Archives of Veterinary Science, 13(4), 265-273. doi: 10.5380/avs.v13i4.15272
Rojas, M. J., Siqueira, P. F., Miranda, L. C., Tardioli, P. W., & Giordano, R. L. C. (2014). Sequential proteolysis and cellulolytic hydrolysis of soybean hulls for oligopeptides and ethanol production. Industrial Crops and Products, 61, 202-210. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.07.002
Sniffen, C. J., O’Connor, J. D., Van Soest, P. J., Fox, D. G., & Russell, J. B. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70(11), 3562-3577. doi: 10.2527/1992.70113562x
Tilley, J. M., & Terry, R. A. (1963). A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal British Grassland Society, 18(2), 104-111. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x
Van Soest, P. J. (1973). Collaborative study of acid-detergent fiber and lignin. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 56, 781-784.
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polyssacarides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Animal Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Vaz, F. N., & Restle, J. (2003). Ganho de peso antes e após os sete meses no desenvolvimento e nas características de carcaça e da carne de novilhos Charolês abatidos aos dois anos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 32(3), 699-708. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982003000300022
Wallington, T. A., Anderson, J. E., Mueller, S. A., Kolinski Morris, E., Winkler, S. L., Ginder, J. M., & Nielsen, O. J. (2012). Corn ethanol production, food exports, and indirect land use change. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(11), 6379-6384. doi: 10.1021/es300233m
Association of Official Analytical (2002). Chemists official methods of analysis. Gaithersburg, MD: Edited by William Horwitz.
Berchielli, T. T., Pires, A. V., & Oliveira, S. G. de. O. (2011). Nutrição de ruminantes. Jaboticabal: Funep.
Berg, R. T., & Butterfield, R. M. (1976). New concepts of cattle growth. New York: Sidney University.
Bittner, C. J., Nuttelman, B. L., Schneider, C. J., Burken, D. B., Johnson, L. J., Mader, T. L.,... Erickson, G. E. (2016). Effects of increasing soybean hulls in finishing diets with wet or modified distillers grains plus solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. The Professional Animal Scientist, 32(6), 777-783. doi: 10.15232/pas.2016-01507
Cannas, A., Cabiddu, A., Bomboi, G., Ligios, S., Floris, B., & Molle, G. (2013). Decreasing dietary NFC concentration during mid-lactation of dairy ewes: does it result in higher milk production? Small Ruminant Research, 111(1-3), 41-49. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.09.009
Cardoso, A. B., Moraes, E. H. B. K., Oliveira, A. S., Zervoudakis, J. T., Cabral, L. S., Silva, P. I. J. L. R., & Socreppa, L. M. (2013). Substituição parcial do milho por fontes energéticas para bovinos de corte em pastejo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48(9), 1295-1302. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X20130009000 1 4
Di Marco, O. N. (1998). Crescimento de vacunos para carne. Balcarce: Associación Argentina de Producción Animal.
Ferreira, E. M., Pires, A. V., Susin, I., Mendes, C. Q., Queiroz, M. A. A., Araujo, R. C.,... Loerch, S. C. (2011). Apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and ruminal constituents in ram lambs fed high-concentrate diets containing soybean hulls. Journal of Animal Science, 89(12), 4127-4133. doi: 10.2527/ jas.2010-3419
Freitas, L. da. S., Brondani, I. L., Segabinazzi, L. R., Restle, J., Alves, D. C., Fº., Pizzuti, L. A.,... Rodrigues, L. S. (2013). Performance of finishing steers fed different sources of carbohydrates. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 42(5), 354-362. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982013000500008
Gentil, R. S., Susin, I., Pires, A. V., Ferreira, E. M., Mendes, C. Q., Almeida, O. C., & Queiroz, M. A. A. (2011). Metabolismo de nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com casca de soja em substituição ao feno de coastcross. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(12), 2835-2843. doi: 10.1590/S1516-359820110012 00030
Gomes, I. P. O, Neto, A. T., Medeiros, L. A., Orsolin, V., Neto, E. P., & Semmelmann, C. E. N. (2012). Níveis de casca de soja em rações concentradas para bezerros de raças leiteiras. Archives of Veterinary Science, 17(2), 52-57. doi: 10.5380/avs.v17i2.16270
Hashimoto, J. H., Alcalde, C. R., Alcalde, C. R., Zambom, M. A., Silva, K. T. da., Macedo, F. A. F.,... Passionato, G. O. (2007). Desempenho e digestibilidade aparente em cabritos Boer x Saanen em confinamento recebendo rações com casca do grão de soja em substituição ao milho. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 36(1), 174-182. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982007000100021
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatísticas (2018). Diretoria de pesquisas, coordenação de agropecuária, pesquisa da pecuária municipal e pesquisa trimestral do abate de animais 2018. Recuperado de http://brasilemsintese.ibge.gov.br/agropecuaria/efetivos-da-pecuaria.html
Ipharraguerre, I. R., & Clark, J. H. (2003). Soyhulls as an alternative feed for lactating dairy cows: a review. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(4), 1052-1073. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73689-3
Ludden, P. A., Cecava, M. J., & Hendrix, K. S. (1995). The value of soybean hulls as a replacement for corn in beef cattle diets formulated with or without added fat. Journal of Animal Science, 73(9), 2706-2711. doi: 10.2527/1995.7392706x
Mielenz, J. R., Bardsley, J. S., & Wyman, C. E. (2009). Fermentation of soybean hulls to ethanol while preserving protein value. Bioresource Technology, 100(14), 3532-3539. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009. 02.044
Missio, R. L., Brondani, I. L., Freitas, L. da. S., Sachet, R. H., Silva, J. H. S., & Restle, J. (2009). Desempenho e avaliação econômica da terminação de tourinhos em confinamento alimentados com diferentes níveis de concentrado na dieta. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38(7), 1309-1316. doi: 10. 1590/S1516-35982009000700021
Missio, R. L., Restle, J., Moletta, J. L., Kuss, F., Neiva, J. N. M, & Moura, I. C. F. (2013). Características da carcaça de vacas de descarte abatidas com diferentes pesos. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 44(3), 644-651. doi: Recuperado de http://www.ccarevista.ufc.br/seer/index.php/ccarevista/article/view/1879/845
Mohammadzadeh, H., Rezayazdi, K., & Nikkhah, A. (2014). Effects of inclusion of graded amounts of soya bean hulls on feed intake, chewing activity and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 98(3), 476-482. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12094
Mueller, C. J., & Boggs, D. L. (2011). Use of soybean hulls with or without corn by-product protein sources in feedlot back grounding diets. The Professional Animal Scientist, 27(3), 228-234. doi: 10.15232/ S1080-7446(15)30478-2
Mueller, C. J., Blalock, H. M., & Pritchard, R. H. (2011). Use of soybean hulls as a replacement for dry rolled corn in beef cattle feedlot receiving diets. Journal of Animal Science, 89(12), 4142-4150. doi: 10. 2527/jas.2010-3653
Müller, L. (1987). Normas para avaliação de carcaças e concurso de carcaças de novilhos (2nd ed.). Santa Maria: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.
National Research Council (1996). Nutrient requirement of beef cattle (7nd ed.). Washington: National Academy.
Ranathunga, S. D., Kalscheur, K. F., Hippen, A. R., & Schingoethe, D. J. (2010). Replacement of starch from corn with nonforage fiber from distillers grains and soyhulls in diets of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(3), 1086-1097. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2332
Restle, J. (1977). Efeito da suplementação com energia e energia-proteína no ganho de peso e no comportamento reprodutivo de vacas. Revista da Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRGS, 1(2), 203-204.
Rezende, P. L. P., Restle, J., Bilego, U. O., Fernandes, J. J. R, Missio, L. R., Menezes, G. R., & Guimarães, T. P. (2018). Digestibility and feeding behavior of cattle fed soybean hulls to replace corn in high concentrate diets. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 39(1), 363-372. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n1p363
Rezende, P. L. P., Restle, J., Fernades, J. J. R., Pádua, J. T., Neto, M. D. F., & Rocha, F. M. (2011). Performance and body development crossbred dairy cattle submitted to levels of supplementation in Brachiaria brizantha. Ciência Rural, 41(8), 1453-1458. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782011005000097
Rezende, P. L. P., Restle, J., Padua, J. T., Fernandes, J. J. R., Lino, F. A., & Guimarães, T. P. (2013). Carcass morphometry of crossbred steers subjected to different nutritional strategies in the growing and finishing phases. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 35(2), 187-192. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v3 5i2.17904
Rodrigues, K., Rossi, P., Jr., & Moletta, J. (2008). Avaliação das características de carcaça de bovinos mestiços Purunã, alimentados com diferentes níveis de energia na dieta. Archives of Veterinary Science, 13(4), 265-273. doi: 10.5380/avs.v13i4.15272
Rojas, M. J., Siqueira, P. F., Miranda, L. C., Tardioli, P. W., & Giordano, R. L. C. (2014). Sequential proteolysis and cellulolytic hydrolysis of soybean hulls for oligopeptides and ethanol production. Industrial Crops and Products, 61, 202-210. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.07.002
Sniffen, C. J., O’Connor, J. D., Van Soest, P. J., Fox, D. G., & Russell, J. B. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70(11), 3562-3577. doi: 10.2527/1992.70113562x
Tilley, J. M., & Terry, R. A. (1963). A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal British Grassland Society, 18(2), 104-111. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x
Van Soest, P. J. (1973). Collaborative study of acid-detergent fiber and lignin. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 56, 781-784.
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polyssacarides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Animal Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Vaz, F. N., & Restle, J. (2003). Ganho de peso antes e após os sete meses no desenvolvimento e nas características de carcaça e da carne de novilhos Charolês abatidos aos dois anos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 32(3), 699-708. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982003000300022
Wallington, T. A., Anderson, J. E., Mueller, S. A., Kolinski Morris, E., Winkler, S. L., Ginder, J. M., & Nielsen, O. J. (2012). Corn ethanol production, food exports, and indirect land use change. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(11), 6379-6384. doi: 10.1021/es300233m
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2020-08-07
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Rezende, P. L. de P., Restle, J., Fernandes, J. J. de R., Missio, R. L., Bilego, U. O., & Guimarães, T. P. (2020). Levels of substitution of corn by soybean hulls in high-concentrate diets for finishing beef heifers. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(5supl1), 2245–2258. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p2245
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