Supplementation levels for suckling female calves under grazing: productive and nutritional performance and metabolic profile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n3p945Keywords:
Body growth, Bos indicus, Intake, Supplements, Tropical forage.Abstract
The objective in this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation levels on productive and nutritional performance and metabolic profile in suckling female calves under grazing. Forty female calves (averaging 3.5±0.06 months and 127.3±2.68 kg), and their respective dams were distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments and twenty replicates. The treatments were 1) 4 g kg-1 body weight (BW) of supplement or 2) 6 g kg-1 BW of supplement. Forage and organic matter (OM) intake did not affect (P > 0.05) by levels of supplement, though crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrates intake were greater (P < 0.05) by increasing supplementation level. There was no effect (P > 0.05) the supplementation levels on OM and CP digestibility. The metabolic profile of the animals was not affected (P > 0.05) by supplementation level. Average daily gain, longissimus dorsi area, fat thickness over rump of the animals did not affect (P > 0.05) by levels of supplement. However, there was trend of increasing (P=0.074) in fat thickness over loin by increase the supplementation level. Although the body growth of animals was similar (P > 0.05) between treatments, there was observed a trend of increase (P=0.064) in ratio BW:Height at the withers by increasing supplementation levels. In conclusion, increasing the supplementation level of 4 to 6 g kg-1 of BW, not improve the productive and nutritional performance and metabolic status in female calves under grazing on creep-feeding system.References
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Eborn, D. R., Cushman, R. A., & Echternkamp, S. E. (2013). Effect of postweaning diet on ovarian development and fertility in replacement beef heifers. Journal of Animal Science, 91(9), 4168-4179. doi: 10.2527/jas2012-5877
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Huntington, G. B., Harmon, D. L., & Richards, C. J. (2006). Sites, rates, and limits of starch digestion and glucose metabolism in growing cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 84(Suppl. Esp), E14-24. doi: 2006.8413_supplE14x
Lima, J. A. da C., Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Rennó, L. N., Fernandes, H. J., Silva, A. G. da,… Moura, F. H. de. (2016). Supplementation of grazing suckling beef calves receiving different energy sources. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 37(3), 1527. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1527
Lopes, S. A., Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Valente, É. E. L., Barros, L. V. de, Rennó, L. N.,.. Martins, L. S. (2016). Does supplementation of beef calves by creep feeding systems influence milk production and body condition of the dams? Tropical Animal Health and Production, 48(6), 1241-1246. doi: 10.1007/s11250-016-1083-9
Marquez, D. C., Paulino, M. F., Marcondes, M., Rennó, L., Barros, L. V. de, Martins, L. S.,… Moura, F. E. (2014). Nutritional parameters and production of calves on pasture supplemented with different sources of protein foods. Semina:Ciencias Agrarias, 35(5), págs. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2014v35n5p2709
National Research Council - NRC (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Patterson, D. J., Perry, R. C., Kiracofe G, H., Bellows, R. A., Staigmiller, R. B., & Corag, L. R. (1992). Management considerations in heifer development and puberty. Journal of Animal Science, 70(12), 4018-4035. doi: 10.2527/1992.70124018x
Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Valente, E. E. L., & Barros, L. (2008). Nutrition of grazing cattle. In Proceeding of hte Symposium on Strategic Management of Pasture, Vicosa, MG, Brasil, 4.
Poppi, D. P., & McLennan, S. R. (1995). Protein and energy utilization by ruminants at pasture. Journal of Animal Science, 73(1), 278-290. doi: 10.2527/1995.731278x
Reis, W. L. S., Detmann, E., Batista, E. D., Rufino, L. M. A., Gomes, D. I., Bento, C. B. P.,… Valadares, S. C., Fº. (2016). Effects of ruminal and post-ruminal protein supplementation in cattle fed tropical forages on insoluble fiber degradation, activity of fibrolytic enzymes, and the ruminal microbial community profile. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 218(1), 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.001
Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. A., Sanz, A., Tamanini, C., & Casasús, I. (2015). Metabolic, endocrine, and reproductive responses of beef heifers submitted to different growth strategies during the lactation and rearing periods. Journal of Animal Science, 93(8), 3871-3885. doi: 10.2527/jas.2015-8994
Silva, A. G. da, Paulino, M. F., Silva Amorim, L. da, Rennó, L. N., Detmann, E., Moura, F. H. de,… Melo, L. P. de. (2017). Performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive responses of Nellore heifers submitted to different supplementation levels pre- and post-weaning. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49(4), 707-715. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1248-1
Souza, N. K. P., Detmann, E., Pina, D. S., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Sampaio, C. B., Queiroz, A. C., & Veloso, C. M. (2013). Evaluation of chromium concentration in cattle feces using different acid digestion and spectrophotometric quantification techniques. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 65(5), 1472-1482. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352013000500028
Swali, A., Cheng, Z., Bourne, N., & Wathes, D. C. (2008). Metabolic traits affecting growth rates of pre-pubertal calves and their relationship with subsequent survival. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 35(3), 300-313. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2008.06.005
Titgemeyer, E. C., Armendariz, C. K., Bindel, D. J., Greenwood, R. H., & Löest, C. A. (2001). Evaluation of titanium dioxide as a digestibility marker for cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 79(4), 1059-1063. doi: /2001.7941059x
Valente, T. N. P., Detmann, E., Queiroz, A. C. de, Valadares, S. de C., Fº., Gomes, D. I., & Figueiras, J. F. (2011). Evaluation of ruminal degradation profiles of forages using bags made from different textiles. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(11), 2565-2573. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011001100039
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant (2nd ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Vizcarra, J. A., Wettemann, R. P., Spitzer, J. C., & Morrison, D. G. (1998). Body condition at parturition and postpartum weight gain influence luteal activity and concentrations of glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids in plasma of primiparous beef cows. Journal of Animal Science, 76(4), 927-936. doi: 10.2527/1998.764927x
Cardenas, J. E. G., Paulino, M. F., Lopes, S. A., Silva, A. G., Barros, L., & Valente, E. L. (2015). Desempeño productivo, consumo y digestibilidad de terneras lactantes criadas en pastoreo suplementadas con diferentes niveles de proteína bruta. Archivos de Zootecnia, 64(246), 167-174. doi: 10.21071/az.v64i246.392
Costa e Silva, L. F., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Rotta, P. P., Lopes, S. A., Paulino, P. V. R., & Paulino, M. F. (2016). Exigências nutricionais de vacas de corte lactantes e seus bezerros. In S. Valadares F., L. F. C. e Silva, M. P. Gionbelli, P. P. Rotta, M. I. Marcondes, M. L. Chizzotti, & L. F. Prados (Eds.), Nutrient requirements of Zebu beef cattle (3nd ed. pp. 283-309). [S.l.: s.n.].
Detmann, E., Paulino, M. F., & Valadares, S. de C., Fº., (2010). Optimizing the use of basal forage resources. In Proceeding International Symposium of Beef Cattle Production, Vicosa, MG, Brasil. 7.
Detmann, E., Souza, M. A. de S., Valadares, S. de C. Fº., Queiroz, A. C., Berchielli, T. T., Saliba, E. de O. S.,… Azevedo, J. A. G. (2012). Métodos para análise de alimentos INCT - Ciência Animal. Visconde do Rio Branco, MG: Suprema Gráfica.
Detmann, E., Valente, É. E. L., Batista, E. D., & Huhtanen, P. (2014). An evaluation of the performance and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical grass pastures with supplementation. Livestock Science, 162(1), 141-153. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.029
Eborn, D. R., Cushman, R. A., & Echternkamp, S. E. (2013). Effect of postweaning diet on ovarian development and fertility in replacement beef heifers. Journal of Animal Science, 91(9), 4168-4179. doi: 10.2527/jas2012-5877
Fernandes, A., Magnobosco, C., Ojala, M., Caetana, A., & Famula, T. (1996). Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e ambientais de medidas corporais e peso em bovinos da raça Brahman nos trópicos. In Anais da Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil, 33.
Hammond, A. C. (1997). Update on BUN and MUN as a guide for protein supplementation in cattle. In Proceeding of the Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, Brooksville, Florida.
Henriques, L. T., Valadares, S. de C., Fº., Fonseca, M. A., Paulino, P. V. R., Detmann, E., & Valadares, R. F. D. (2011). Avaliação de modelos não-lineares e da relação do consumo voluntário de vacas primíparas e de bezerros com a curva de lactação de vacas Nelore. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(6), 1287-1295. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000600018
Hersom, M. J., Wettemann, R. P., Krehbiel, C. R., Horn, G. W., & Keisler, D. H. (2004). Effect of live weight gain of steers during winter grazing: III. Blood metabolites and hormones during feedlot finishing. Journal of Animal Science, 82(7), 2059-2068. doi: 10.2527/2004.8272059x
Huntington, G. B., Harmon, D. L., & Richards, C. J. (2006). Sites, rates, and limits of starch digestion and glucose metabolism in growing cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 84(Suppl. Esp), E14-24. doi: 2006.8413_supplE14x
Lima, J. A. da C., Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Rennó, L. N., Fernandes, H. J., Silva, A. G. da,… Moura, F. H. de. (2016). Supplementation of grazing suckling beef calves receiving different energy sources. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 37(3), 1527. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1527
Lopes, S. A., Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Valente, É. E. L., Barros, L. V. de, Rennó, L. N.,.. Martins, L. S. (2016). Does supplementation of beef calves by creep feeding systems influence milk production and body condition of the dams? Tropical Animal Health and Production, 48(6), 1241-1246. doi: 10.1007/s11250-016-1083-9
Marquez, D. C., Paulino, M. F., Marcondes, M., Rennó, L., Barros, L. V. de, Martins, L. S.,… Moura, F. E. (2014). Nutritional parameters and production of calves on pasture supplemented with different sources of protein foods. Semina:Ciencias Agrarias, 35(5), págs. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2014v35n5p2709
National Research Council - NRC (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Patterson, D. J., Perry, R. C., Kiracofe G, H., Bellows, R. A., Staigmiller, R. B., & Corag, L. R. (1992). Management considerations in heifer development and puberty. Journal of Animal Science, 70(12), 4018-4035. doi: 10.2527/1992.70124018x
Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Valente, E. E. L., & Barros, L. (2008). Nutrition of grazing cattle. In Proceeding of hte Symposium on Strategic Management of Pasture, Vicosa, MG, Brasil, 4.
Poppi, D. P., & McLennan, S. R. (1995). Protein and energy utilization by ruminants at pasture. Journal of Animal Science, 73(1), 278-290. doi: 10.2527/1995.731278x
Reis, W. L. S., Detmann, E., Batista, E. D., Rufino, L. M. A., Gomes, D. I., Bento, C. B. P.,… Valadares, S. C., Fº. (2016). Effects of ruminal and post-ruminal protein supplementation in cattle fed tropical forages on insoluble fiber degradation, activity of fibrolytic enzymes, and the ruminal microbial community profile. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 218(1), 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.001
Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. A., Sanz, A., Tamanini, C., & Casasús, I. (2015). Metabolic, endocrine, and reproductive responses of beef heifers submitted to different growth strategies during the lactation and rearing periods. Journal of Animal Science, 93(8), 3871-3885. doi: 10.2527/jas.2015-8994
Silva, A. G. da, Paulino, M. F., Silva Amorim, L. da, Rennó, L. N., Detmann, E., Moura, F. H. de,… Melo, L. P. de. (2017). Performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive responses of Nellore heifers submitted to different supplementation levels pre- and post-weaning. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49(4), 707-715. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1248-1
Souza, N. K. P., Detmann, E., Pina, D. S., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Sampaio, C. B., Queiroz, A. C., & Veloso, C. M. (2013). Evaluation of chromium concentration in cattle feces using different acid digestion and spectrophotometric quantification techniques. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 65(5), 1472-1482. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352013000500028
Swali, A., Cheng, Z., Bourne, N., & Wathes, D. C. (2008). Metabolic traits affecting growth rates of pre-pubertal calves and their relationship with subsequent survival. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 35(3), 300-313. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2008.06.005
Titgemeyer, E. C., Armendariz, C. K., Bindel, D. J., Greenwood, R. H., & Löest, C. A. (2001). Evaluation of titanium dioxide as a digestibility marker for cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 79(4), 1059-1063. doi: /2001.7941059x
Valente, T. N. P., Detmann, E., Queiroz, A. C. de, Valadares, S. de C., Fº., Gomes, D. I., & Figueiras, J. F. (2011). Evaluation of ruminal degradation profiles of forages using bags made from different textiles. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(11), 2565-2573. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011001100039
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant (2nd ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Vizcarra, J. A., Wettemann, R. P., Spitzer, J. C., & Morrison, D. G. (1998). Body condition at parturition and postpartum weight gain influence luteal activity and concentrations of glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids in plasma of primiparous beef cows. Journal of Animal Science, 76(4), 927-936. doi: 10.2527/1998.764927x
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2020-04-07
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Ortega, R. M., Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Rennó, L. N., Moreno, D. S., Marquez, D. C., … Ramalho, T. (2020). Supplementation levels for suckling female calves under grazing: productive and nutritional performance and metabolic profile. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(3), 945–958. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n3p945
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