Evaluation of degradability and ruminal kinetics of soybean meal subjected to strategies to maximize protein escape from the rumen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6p2721Keywords:
Rumen undegradable protein, Ruminal disappearance rate, Tannins.Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the in situ dry matter degradability and in situ crude protein degradability of soybean meal subjected to different treatments (thermal, chemical, tannins or saponins). The treatments were: conventional soybean (CON); soybean expeller (EXP); lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal (LIGS); condensed tannin-treated soybean meal (CTAN); hydrolysable tannin-treated soybean meal (HTAN) and Yucca schidigera extract-treated soybean meal (YUC). Samples of 5 g soybean meal were packed in nylon bags and incubated in the rumen of 2 fistulated cattle for seven incubation times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 hours), in sequence were washed, dried and weighed. The ruminal kinetics parameters were calculated, and the experiment was completely randomized, with six treatments, four replicates each, with duplicates. The EXP and LIGS treatments showed lower crude protein disappearance (CPD) within 12 hours, the CON, HTAN and YUC treatments had the highest CPD, and the CTAN presented an intermediate value (41.84%) (P < 0.05). EXP had the lowest fraction “a” (soluble) of crude protein (CP) (10.1%) followed by LIGS and CTAN (average of 14.82%). EXP and LIGS had the highest rumen undegradable fraction of CP (57.35 and 51.62%), respectively. In addition, ruminal disappearance rates of dry matter and CP of the treatments ranged from 2.17 to 1.36% h-1 and from 2.63 to 1.2% h-1, respectively. The most efficient treatments to reduce ruminal protein degradation were EXP, LIGS and CTAN.Downloads
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References
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Beauchemin, K. A., Mcginn, S. M., Martinez, T. F., & McAllister, T. A. (2007). Use of condensed tannin extract from quebracho trees to reduce methane emissions from cattle. Journal Animal Science, 85(8), 1990-1996. doi: 10.2527/jas.2006-686
Benchaar, C., McAllister, T. A., & Chouinard, P. Y. (2008). Digestion, ruminal fermentation, ciliate protozoal populations, and milk production from dairy cows fed cinnamaldehyde, quebracho condensed tannin, or Yucca schidigera saponin extracts. Journal of Dairy Science, 91(12), 4765-4777. doi: 10. 3168/jds.2008-1338
Broderick, G. A. (1986). Relative value of solvent and expeller soybean meal for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 69(11), 2948-2958. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(86)80751-2
Fox, D. G., Tedeschi, L. O., Tylutki, T. P., Russell, J. B., Van Amburgh, M. E., Chase, L. E., Overton, T. R. (2004). The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model for evaluating herd nutrition and nutrient excretion. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 112(1-4), 29-78. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2003.10.006
Goes, R. H. T. B., Souza, K. A., Patussi, R. A., Cornelio, T. C., Oliveira, E. R., & Brabes, K. C. S. (2010). Degradabilidade in situ dos grãos de crambe, girassol e soja, e de seus coprodutos em ovinos. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences, 32(3), 271-277. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i3.7913
González, S., Pabón, M. L., & Carulla, J. (2002). Effects of tannins on in vitro ammonia release and dry matter degradation of soybean meal. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal, 10(2), 97-101. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Effects-of-tannins-on-in-vitro-ammonia-release-and-Gonz% C3%A1lez-Pab%C3%B3n/cf795e9986a839edb67335d92dce258698ae6445
Ipharraguerre, I. R., & Clark, J. H. (2005). Impacts of the source and amount of crude protein on the intestinal supply of nitrogen fractions and performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(E. Suppl.), 22-37. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73134-9
Jayanegara, A., Leiber, F., & Kreuzer, M. (2011). Meta-analysis of the relationship between dietary tannin level and methane formation in ruminants from in vivo and in vitro experiments. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 96(3), 365-375. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01172.x
Kozloski, G. V., Harter, C. J., Hentz, F., Ávila, S. C., Orlandi, T., & Stefanello, C. M. (2012). Intake, digestibility and nutrients supply to wethers fed ryegrass and intraruminally infused with levels of Acacia mearnsii tannin extract. Small Ruminant Research, 106(2-3), 125-130. doi: 10.1016/j. smallrumres.2012.06.005
Mathieu, F., & Jouany, J. (1993). Effect of chestnut tannin on the fermentability of soyabean meal nitrogen in the rumen. Annales de Zootechnie, INRA/EDP Sciences, 42(2), 127-127. Reciperado de https://hal. archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00888877
Mezzomo, R., Paulino, P. V. R., Detmann, E., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Paulino, M. F., Monnerat, J. P. I. S.,… Moura, L. S. (2011). Influence of condensed tannin on intake, digestibility, and efficiency of protein utilization in beef steers fed high concentrate diet. Livestock Science, 141(1), 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci. 2011.04.004
Nakamura, T., Klopfenstein, T. J., Owen, F. G., Britton, R. A., Grant, R. J., & Winowiski, T. S. (1992). Nonenzymatically browned soybean meal for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(12), 3519-3523. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78127-2
National Research Council (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Nocek, J. E. (1997). In situ e outros métodos para estimar a proteína ruminal e a digestibilidade da energia: Revisão. Anais do Simpósio Internacional de Digestibilidade em Ruminantes, Lavras, MG, Brasil.
Orskov, E. R., & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 92(2), 499-508. doi: 10.1017/S0021859600063048
Powell, J. M., Aguerre, M. J., & Wattiaux, M. A. (2011). Dietary crude protein and tannin impact dairy manure chemistry and ammonia emissions from incubated soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 40(6), 1767-1774. doi: 10.2134/jeq2011.0085
Santos, F. A. P., Santos, J. E. P., Theurer, C. B., & Huber, J. T. (1998). Effects of rumen-undegradable protein on dairy cow performance: a 12-year literature review. Journal of Dairy Science, 81(12), 3182-3213. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75884-9
Statistical Analysis System Institute (1993). SAS/STAT user’s Guide: statistics. North Caroline: SAS Institute.
Van Soest, P. J., Roberttson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
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2020-09-19
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Neumann, M., Askel, E. J., Santos, L. C., Stadler Junior, E. S., Venancio, B. J., Pontarolo, G. B., … Silva, E. P. e. (2020). Evaluation of degradability and ruminal kinetics of soybean meal subjected to strategies to maximize protein escape from the rumen. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(6), 2721–2732. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6p2721
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