Intersectionality and feminist thought: historical contributions and contemporary debates about the interlocking of social markers of difference
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/2176-6665.2015v20n2p97Keywords:
Intersectionality, Social markers of difference, Inequalities, Intersectional agencyAbstract
This article presents a brief review of the debates concerning the concept of intersectionality among various approaches of the contemporary feminist thought, the women’s studies and the gender theories. Based on the initial contributions of the “Black Feminisms”, this text aims to propose a panorama of the emergent context of the intersectional debate and its main strands of work in the US and UK. Grounded in a literature review of dozens of recent articles, essays and books published in the US and Europe, this text seeks to offer a “summarization” of some of the major contributions that the intersectional analysis has offered to the feminist thought and the social theory as a whole, as well as to propose the notion of “intersectional agency”. Finally, the text presents some critical considerations regarding certain characteristics that cross the field and that are still generating some important questions.Downloads
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References
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BRAH, Avtar. Diferença, Diversidade, Diferenciação. Cadernos Pagu, Campinas, n.26, p. 329-376, jan.- jun. 2006.
BREDSTRÖM, Anna. Intersectionality: a challenge for feminist HIV/AIDS research? European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 13, n. 3, p. 229-243, 2006.
BREWER, Rose M. Response to Michael Buroway’s Commentary ‘The Critical Turn to Public Sociology’. Critical Sociology, v. 31 , p. 353-359, 2005.
BUITELAAR, Marjo. I Am the Ultimate Challenge: accounts of intersectionality in the life-stoy of a well-known daughter of Moroccan migrant workers in the Netherlands. European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 13, p. 259-276, 2006.
BUTLER, Judith. Problemas de Gênero: feminismo e subversão da identidade. Rio de Janeiro, Civilização Brasileira, 2003 [1990].
BUTLER, Judith. Corpos que pesam: sobre os limites discursivos do “sexo”. In: LOURO, Guacira Lopes (Org.). O corpo educado: pedagogias da sexualidade. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2001.
CHRISTENSEN, Ann-Dorte. Belonging and Unbelonging from an intersectional perspective. Gender, Technology and Development, v. 13, n. 1, p. 21-41, 2009.
COLLINS, Todd; MOYER, Laura. Gender, race and intersectionality on the Federal Appellate Bench. Political Research Quarterly, v. 61, n. 2, p. 219-227, 2008.
COMBAHEE RIVER COLLECTIVE STATEMENT. All the Women are White, All the Blacks are Men, But Some of us are Brave. In: HULL, Gloria; BELL, Patricia Scott; SMITH, Barbara (Eds.), Nova Iorque: The Feminist Press. 1982 [1977].
CORREA, Mariza. Sobre a Invenção da Mulata. Cadernos Pagu, Campinas, v. 6, n. 7, p. 35-50, 1996.
CRENSHAW, Kimberlé Williams. Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, v. 43, n. 6, p. 1241–99, 1991.
DAVIS, Angela. Women, Race and Class. Nova Iorque: Random House. 1981.
DAVIS, Kathy. Intersectionality as buzzword, a sociology of science perspective on what makes a feminist theory successful. Feminist Theory, v. 9, n. 1, p. 67-85, 2008.
DENIS, Ann. Review Essay: Intersectional Analysis: A Contribution of Feminism to Sociology. International Sociology, v. 23, p. 677-694, 2008.
EREZ, Edna; ADELMAN, Madelaine; GREGORY, Carol. Intersections of Immigration and Domestic Violence: voices of battered immigrant women. Feminist Criminology, v. 4, n. 1, p. 32-56, 2009.
FACCHINI, Regina. Entre Umas e Outras: mulheres (homo)sexualidades e diferenças na cidade de São Paulo. 2008. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Sociais) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2008.
FALCÓN, Sylvanna M. Black Feminist Thought. In: O’BRIEN, Jodi. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Gender and Society. SAGE Publications, 2009.
FIGUEIREDO, Ângela. Cabelo, cabeleira, cabeluda e descabelada: identidade, consumo e manipulação da aparência entre os negros brasileiros. Anais da 26° Reunião Anual da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais, Caxambu, out/2002.
GILL, Rosalind. Beyond the `Sexualization of Culture’ Thesis: An Intersectional Analysis of `Sixpacks’,`Midriffs’ and `Hot Lesbians’ in Advertising. Sexualities. 12, 2009, p.137-160.
HANCOCK, A. M. When multiplication doesn’t equal quick addition: Examining intersectionality as a research paradigm. Perspectives on Politics,v. 5, p. 63-78, 2007.
HARAWAY, Donna. Simians, cyborgs, and women. The reinvention of nature. Nova Iorque: Routledge, 1991.
HENNING, Carlos Eduardo. Paizões, Tiozões, Tias e Cacuras: envelhecimento, meia idade, velhice e homoerotismo masculino na cidade de São Paulo. 2014. Tese (Doutorado em Antropologia Social) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2014.
HENNING, Carlos Eduardo. As Diferenças na Diferença: hierarquia e interseções de geração, gênero, classe, raça e corporalidade em bares e boates GLS de Florianópolis, SC. 2008. Dissertação (Mestrado em Antropologia Social) – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2008.
HENNING, Carlos Eduardo. Gênero, sexo e as negações do biologicismo: comentários sobre o percurso da categoria gênero. Revista Ártemis, Paraíba, v. 8, p. 57-67, 2008b.
HILL COLLINS, Patricia. Black Feminist Thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. Nova Iorque: Routledge, 2000 [1990].
HILL COLLINS, Patricia. Black Sexual Politics, African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism. Routledge: New York, 2005.
HOOKS, bell. Ain’t I a Woman? Black women and feminism. Cambridge, MA: South End, 1981.
HOOKS, bell. Intelectuais Negras. Revista Estudos Feministas, n.2, 1995, p. 464-478.
HULKO, Wendy. The time - and context – contingent nature of intersectionality and interlocking oppressions. Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work. v. 24, p. 44-55, 2009.
JEAN-MARIE, Gaetane; WILLIAMS, Vicki A.; SHERMAN, Sheila. Black Women’s Leadership Experiences: examining the intersectionality of race and gender. Advances in Developing Human Resources, v. 11, n. 5, p. 562-581, 2009.
KNAPP, Gudrun-Axeli. Race, Class, Gender: Reclaiming Baggage in Fast Travelling Theories. European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 12, n. 3, p. 249–265, 2005.
KOFOED, Jette. Appropriate Pupilness: social categories intersecting in school. Childhood, v. 15, p. 415-430, 2008.
LÉPINARD, Eléonore. In the Name of Equality? The missing intersection in Canadian feminists’ legal mobilization against multiculturalism. American Behavioral Scientist, v. 53, n. 12, p.1763-1787, 2010.
LEWIS, Gail. Editorial. Celebrating Intersectionality? Debates on a multi-faceted concept in gender studies: themes from a conference. European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 16, p. 203-210, 2009.
LORDE, Audrey. Sister Outsider. Trumansberg: The Crossing Press, 1984.
MAZZEI, Julie; O’BRIEN, Erin. You Got It, So When Do You Flaunt It? Building rapport, intersectionality, and the strategic deployment of gender in the field. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, v. 28, n. 3, p. 358-383, 2009.
McCALL, Leslie. The complexity of intersectionality. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, v. 30, n. 3, p. 1771-1800, 2005.
McKLINCTOCK, Anne. Imperial leather, Race, gender and sexuality in the colonial contest. Nova Iorque: Routledge, 1995.
MIESCHER, Stephan. Editorial. Masculinities, intersectionality, and collaborative approaches. Men and Masculinities, v. 11, n. 2, p. 227-233, 2008.
MOHANTY, Chandra Talpar. Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses. In: MOHANTY, C. T.; RUSSO, A; TORRES,L. (Ed). Third World Women and the politics of feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991.
MOUTINHO, Laura. Negociando com a adversidade: reflexões sobre ‘raça’, (homos) sexualidade e desigualdade social no Rio de Janeiro. Revista Estudos Feministas. Rio de Janeiro, v. 14, n. 1, p. 103-116, 2006.
PHOENIX, Ann; PATTYNAMA, Pamela. Editorial: Intersectionality. European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 13, p.187-192, 2006.
PISCITELLI, Adriana. Interseccionalidade, categorias de articulação e experiências de migrantes brasileiras. Sociedade e Cultura, Goiânia, v. 11, n. 2, p. 263-274, jul.- dez. 2008.
PRINS, Baukje. Narrative accounts of origins: a Blind Spot in the Intersectional Approach? European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 13, n. 3, p. 277-290, 2006.
ROSALDO, Michelle. O uso e o abuso da antropologia: reflexões sobre o feminismo e o entendimento intercultural. Horizontes Antropológicos, v. 1, n.1, p.11-36, 1995.
SCHIPPERS, Mimi. The social organization of sexuality and gender in alternative hard rock: an analysis of intersectionality. Gender & Society, v. 14, p. 747-764, 2000.
SCOTT, Joan. Gênero: uma categoria útil de análise histórica. Educação e Realidade, v. 16, n. 2, p. 5-22, 1990 [1988].
STEINBUGLER, Amy; PRESS, Julie; DIAS, Janice Johnson. Gender, race and affirmative action: operationalizing intersectionality in survey research. Gender & Society, v. 20, p. 805-825, 2006.
STOLCKE, Verena. O enigma das interseções: classe, “raça”, sexo, sexualidade. A formação dos impérios transatlânticos do século XVI ao XIX. Revista Estudos Feministas, Florianópolis, v. 14, n. 1, p. 15-42, 2006.
STRATHERN, Marilyn. O gênero da dádiva: problemas com as mulheres e problemas com a sociedade na Melanésia. Campinas, Editora da Unicamp, 2006 [1988].
TWINE, Richard. Intersectional disgust? Animals and (eco)feminism. Feminism & Psychology, v. 20, n. 3, p. 397-406, 2010.
VAKALAHI, Halaevalu; STARKS, Saundra. The Complexities of Becoming Visible: reflecting on the stories of women of color as social work educators. Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work, v. 25, n. 2, p. 110-122, 2010.
VERLOO, Mieke. Multiple inequalities, intersectionality and the European Union. European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 13, p. 211-228, 2006.
VIVEROS VIGOYA, Mara. La sexualización de la raza y la racialización de la sexualidad en América Latina. Seminario Internacional La sexualidad frente a la sociedad, Cidade do México, 28-31 de jul. 2008.
WADE, Peter. Debates contemporáneos sobre raza, etnicidad, género y sexualidad en las ciencias sociales. In.: WADE, P; VIVEROS VIGOYA, M; GIRALDO, F. (Coord.) Raza, etnicidade y sexualidades: ciudadanía y multiculturalismo en América Latina. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia/Facultad de Ciencias Humanas/Centro de Estudios Sociales/Escuela de Estudios de Género, 2008.
WALBY, Sylvia. Complexity theory, systems theory and multiple intersecting social inequalities. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, v. 37, p. 449-470, 2007.
YUVAL-DAVIS, Nira. Intersectionality and feminist politics. European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 13, p. 193-209, 2006.
ZERAI, Assata. Agents of Knowledge and Action: selected Africana Scholars and their contributions to the understanding of race, class and gender intersectionality. Cultural Dynamics, v. 12, p.182-222, 2000.
BOOGAARD, Brendy; ROGGEBAND, Conny. Paradoxes of Intersectionality: theorizing inequality in the Dutch Police Force through structure and agency. Organization, v. 17, n. 1, p. 53-75, 2010.
BRAH, Avtar. Travels in negotiations: difference, identity, politics. Journal of Creative Communications 2, v. 1, n. 2, p. 245-256, 2007.
BRAH, Avtar; PHOENIX, Ann. Ain’t I A Woman? Revisiting intersectionality. Journal of International Women’s Studies, v. 5, n. 3, 2004.
BRAH, Avtar. Diferença, Diversidade, Diferenciação. Cadernos Pagu, Campinas, n.26, p. 329-376, jan.- jun. 2006.
BREDSTRÖM, Anna. Intersectionality: a challenge for feminist HIV/AIDS research? European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 13, n. 3, p. 229-243, 2006.
BREWER, Rose M. Response to Michael Buroway’s Commentary ‘The Critical Turn to Public Sociology’. Critical Sociology, v. 31 , p. 353-359, 2005.
BUITELAAR, Marjo. I Am the Ultimate Challenge: accounts of intersectionality in the life-stoy of a well-known daughter of Moroccan migrant workers in the Netherlands. European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 13, p. 259-276, 2006.
BUTLER, Judith. Problemas de Gênero: feminismo e subversão da identidade. Rio de Janeiro, Civilização Brasileira, 2003 [1990].
BUTLER, Judith. Corpos que pesam: sobre os limites discursivos do “sexo”. In: LOURO, Guacira Lopes (Org.). O corpo educado: pedagogias da sexualidade. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2001.
CHRISTENSEN, Ann-Dorte. Belonging and Unbelonging from an intersectional perspective. Gender, Technology and Development, v. 13, n. 1, p. 21-41, 2009.
COLLINS, Todd; MOYER, Laura. Gender, race and intersectionality on the Federal Appellate Bench. Political Research Quarterly, v. 61, n. 2, p. 219-227, 2008.
COMBAHEE RIVER COLLECTIVE STATEMENT. All the Women are White, All the Blacks are Men, But Some of us are Brave. In: HULL, Gloria; BELL, Patricia Scott; SMITH, Barbara (Eds.), Nova Iorque: The Feminist Press. 1982 [1977].
CORREA, Mariza. Sobre a Invenção da Mulata. Cadernos Pagu, Campinas, v. 6, n. 7, p. 35-50, 1996.
CRENSHAW, Kimberlé Williams. Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, v. 43, n. 6, p. 1241–99, 1991.
DAVIS, Angela. Women, Race and Class. Nova Iorque: Random House. 1981.
DAVIS, Kathy. Intersectionality as buzzword, a sociology of science perspective on what makes a feminist theory successful. Feminist Theory, v. 9, n. 1, p. 67-85, 2008.
DENIS, Ann. Review Essay: Intersectional Analysis: A Contribution of Feminism to Sociology. International Sociology, v. 23, p. 677-694, 2008.
EREZ, Edna; ADELMAN, Madelaine; GREGORY, Carol. Intersections of Immigration and Domestic Violence: voices of battered immigrant women. Feminist Criminology, v. 4, n. 1, p. 32-56, 2009.
FACCHINI, Regina. Entre Umas e Outras: mulheres (homo)sexualidades e diferenças na cidade de São Paulo. 2008. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Sociais) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2008.
FALCÓN, Sylvanna M. Black Feminist Thought. In: O’BRIEN, Jodi. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Gender and Society. SAGE Publications, 2009.
FIGUEIREDO, Ângela. Cabelo, cabeleira, cabeluda e descabelada: identidade, consumo e manipulação da aparência entre os negros brasileiros. Anais da 26° Reunião Anual da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais, Caxambu, out/2002.
GILL, Rosalind. Beyond the `Sexualization of Culture’ Thesis: An Intersectional Analysis of `Sixpacks’,`Midriffs’ and `Hot Lesbians’ in Advertising. Sexualities. 12, 2009, p.137-160.
HANCOCK, A. M. When multiplication doesn’t equal quick addition: Examining intersectionality as a research paradigm. Perspectives on Politics,v. 5, p. 63-78, 2007.
HARAWAY, Donna. Simians, cyborgs, and women. The reinvention of nature. Nova Iorque: Routledge, 1991.
HENNING, Carlos Eduardo. Paizões, Tiozões, Tias e Cacuras: envelhecimento, meia idade, velhice e homoerotismo masculino na cidade de São Paulo. 2014. Tese (Doutorado em Antropologia Social) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2014.
HENNING, Carlos Eduardo. As Diferenças na Diferença: hierarquia e interseções de geração, gênero, classe, raça e corporalidade em bares e boates GLS de Florianópolis, SC. 2008. Dissertação (Mestrado em Antropologia Social) – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2008.
HENNING, Carlos Eduardo. Gênero, sexo e as negações do biologicismo: comentários sobre o percurso da categoria gênero. Revista Ártemis, Paraíba, v. 8, p. 57-67, 2008b.
HILL COLLINS, Patricia. Black Feminist Thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. Nova Iorque: Routledge, 2000 [1990].
HILL COLLINS, Patricia. Black Sexual Politics, African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism. Routledge: New York, 2005.
HOOKS, bell. Ain’t I a Woman? Black women and feminism. Cambridge, MA: South End, 1981.
HOOKS, bell. Intelectuais Negras. Revista Estudos Feministas, n.2, 1995, p. 464-478.
HULKO, Wendy. The time - and context – contingent nature of intersectionality and interlocking oppressions. Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work. v. 24, p. 44-55, 2009.
JEAN-MARIE, Gaetane; WILLIAMS, Vicki A.; SHERMAN, Sheila. Black Women’s Leadership Experiences: examining the intersectionality of race and gender. Advances in Developing Human Resources, v. 11, n. 5, p. 562-581, 2009.
KNAPP, Gudrun-Axeli. Race, Class, Gender: Reclaiming Baggage in Fast Travelling Theories. European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 12, n. 3, p. 249–265, 2005.
KOFOED, Jette. Appropriate Pupilness: social categories intersecting in school. Childhood, v. 15, p. 415-430, 2008.
LÉPINARD, Eléonore. In the Name of Equality? The missing intersection in Canadian feminists’ legal mobilization against multiculturalism. American Behavioral Scientist, v. 53, n. 12, p.1763-1787, 2010.
LEWIS, Gail. Editorial. Celebrating Intersectionality? Debates on a multi-faceted concept in gender studies: themes from a conference. European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 16, p. 203-210, 2009.
LORDE, Audrey. Sister Outsider. Trumansberg: The Crossing Press, 1984.
MAZZEI, Julie; O’BRIEN, Erin. You Got It, So When Do You Flaunt It? Building rapport, intersectionality, and the strategic deployment of gender in the field. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, v. 28, n. 3, p. 358-383, 2009.
McCALL, Leslie. The complexity of intersectionality. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, v. 30, n. 3, p. 1771-1800, 2005.
McKLINCTOCK, Anne. Imperial leather, Race, gender and sexuality in the colonial contest. Nova Iorque: Routledge, 1995.
MIESCHER, Stephan. Editorial. Masculinities, intersectionality, and collaborative approaches. Men and Masculinities, v. 11, n. 2, p. 227-233, 2008.
MOHANTY, Chandra Talpar. Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses. In: MOHANTY, C. T.; RUSSO, A; TORRES,L. (Ed). Third World Women and the politics of feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991.
MOUTINHO, Laura. Negociando com a adversidade: reflexões sobre ‘raça’, (homos) sexualidade e desigualdade social no Rio de Janeiro. Revista Estudos Feministas. Rio de Janeiro, v. 14, n. 1, p. 103-116, 2006.
PHOENIX, Ann; PATTYNAMA, Pamela. Editorial: Intersectionality. European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 13, p.187-192, 2006.
PISCITELLI, Adriana. Interseccionalidade, categorias de articulação e experiências de migrantes brasileiras. Sociedade e Cultura, Goiânia, v. 11, n. 2, p. 263-274, jul.- dez. 2008.
PRINS, Baukje. Narrative accounts of origins: a Blind Spot in the Intersectional Approach? European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 13, n. 3, p. 277-290, 2006.
ROSALDO, Michelle. O uso e o abuso da antropologia: reflexões sobre o feminismo e o entendimento intercultural. Horizontes Antropológicos, v. 1, n.1, p.11-36, 1995.
SCHIPPERS, Mimi. The social organization of sexuality and gender in alternative hard rock: an analysis of intersectionality. Gender & Society, v. 14, p. 747-764, 2000.
SCOTT, Joan. Gênero: uma categoria útil de análise histórica. Educação e Realidade, v. 16, n. 2, p. 5-22, 1990 [1988].
STEINBUGLER, Amy; PRESS, Julie; DIAS, Janice Johnson. Gender, race and affirmative action: operationalizing intersectionality in survey research. Gender & Society, v. 20, p. 805-825, 2006.
STOLCKE, Verena. O enigma das interseções: classe, “raça”, sexo, sexualidade. A formação dos impérios transatlânticos do século XVI ao XIX. Revista Estudos Feministas, Florianópolis, v. 14, n. 1, p. 15-42, 2006.
STRATHERN, Marilyn. O gênero da dádiva: problemas com as mulheres e problemas com a sociedade na Melanésia. Campinas, Editora da Unicamp, 2006 [1988].
TWINE, Richard. Intersectional disgust? Animals and (eco)feminism. Feminism & Psychology, v. 20, n. 3, p. 397-406, 2010.
VAKALAHI, Halaevalu; STARKS, Saundra. The Complexities of Becoming Visible: reflecting on the stories of women of color as social work educators. Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work, v. 25, n. 2, p. 110-122, 2010.
VERLOO, Mieke. Multiple inequalities, intersectionality and the European Union. European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 13, p. 211-228, 2006.
VIVEROS VIGOYA, Mara. La sexualización de la raza y la racialización de la sexualidad en América Latina. Seminario Internacional La sexualidad frente a la sociedad, Cidade do México, 28-31 de jul. 2008.
WADE, Peter. Debates contemporáneos sobre raza, etnicidad, género y sexualidad en las ciencias sociales. In.: WADE, P; VIVEROS VIGOYA, M; GIRALDO, F. (Coord.) Raza, etnicidade y sexualidades: ciudadanía y multiculturalismo en América Latina. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia/Facultad de Ciencias Humanas/Centro de Estudios Sociales/Escuela de Estudios de Género, 2008.
WALBY, Sylvia. Complexity theory, systems theory and multiple intersecting social inequalities. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, v. 37, p. 449-470, 2007.
YUVAL-DAVIS, Nira. Intersectionality and feminist politics. European Journal of Women’s Studies, v. 13, p. 193-209, 2006.
ZERAI, Assata. Agents of Knowledge and Action: selected Africana Scholars and their contributions to the understanding of race, class and gender intersectionality. Cultural Dynamics, v. 12, p.182-222, 2000.
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2015-12-25
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HENNING, Carlos Eduardo. Intersectionality and feminist thought: historical contributions and contemporary debates about the interlocking of social markers of difference. Mediações - Revista de Ciências Sociais, Londrina, v. 20, n. 2, p. 97–128, 2015. DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2015v20n2p97. Disponível em: https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/mediacoes/article/view/22900. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2024.
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