Impact of the pre-slaughter period on the contamination of bovine leather and the operational sanitary procedure for skinning on the quality and microbiological safety of the carcass
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n4p1835Keywords:
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Microbiological quality, Operational sanitary procedure, Salmonella spp.Abstract
Sanitary procedures are essential in cattle slaughter processes to minimize microbiological hazards from meat consumption. This study aimed to verify the influence of the pre-slaughter period and the correct execution of the operational sanitary procedure (OSP) for skinning in the breast region on the counts of indicator microorganisms and the occurrence of enteropathogens in the hides and carcasses of cattle. Forty-eight animals were evaluated and divided into 12 clusters, half of which were allowed 13 h of pre-slaughter rest, while the other half were allowed 23 h of pre-slaughter rest. The presence of microbiological indicators, including Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., and Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), and enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia coli, were evaluated in superficial samples of leather and carcass in which the OSP for skinning of the chest was performed either correctly or incorrectly. There was no significant effect (p > 0.05) of the pre-slaughter period on the counts of total coliforms, E. coli, enterobacteria, and mesophilic aerobics in the hide or carcass, although, in the carcasses, this difference was 93.4% for mesophilic aerobics and enterobacteria in the group of animals subjected to 23 h of rest compared to those subjected to 13 h of rest. Regarding the correct execution of the skinning OSP, there was also no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the indicator quantifications, but in relation to the presence of enteropathogens, it was possible to proportionally identify more EPEC and STEC in carcasses subjected to the wrong OSP, as it was only possible to identify Salmonella spp. and EHEC in carcasses subjected to the wrong OSP. The correct execution of the OSP for skinning incision in the chest region of the animal reduced the microbiological risk of the carcasses for the presence of enteropathogens and facilitated compliance with the microbiological standards for the carcass.Downloads
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References
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Paton, A. W., & Paton, J. C. (1998). Detection and characterization of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli by using multiplex PCR assays for stx 1, stx 2, eaeA, enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA, rfb O111, and rfb O157. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 36(2), 598-602. doi: 10.1128/JCM.36.2.598-602.1998
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Ribeiro, J. C., Jr., Tamanini, R., Soares, B. F., Oliveira, A. M., Silva, F. G., Silva, F. F., Augusto, N. A., & Beloti, V. (2016). Efficiency of boiling and four other methods for genomic DNA extraction of deteriorating spore-forming bacteria from milk. Semina: Ciencias Agrarias, 37(5), 3069-3078. doi: 10. 5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5p3069
Shaibu, A. O., Okolocha, E. C., Maikai, B. V., & Olufemi, O. T. (2021). Isolation and antibiogram of Salmonella species from slaughtered cattle and the processing environment in Abuja abattoirs, Nigeria. Food Control, 125, 107972. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107972
Shanmugasamy, M., Velayutham, T., & Rajeswar, J. (2011). InvA gene specific PCR for detection of Salmonella from broilers. Veterinary World, 4(12), 562-564. doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2011.562-564
Silva, J. A., & Silva, D. (2005). Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica (EPEC), ao contrário da Echerichia coli comensal, adere, sinaliza e lesa enterócitos. Revista Patologia Tropical, 34(3), 175-196. doi: 10.5216/rpt. v34i3.1925
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (2019). Instrução Normativa nº60 de 23 de dezembro de 2019, Estabelece as listas de padrões microbiológicos para alimentos. Diário Oficial [da] República Federativa do Brasil, 249(1), 133.
Ahsan, M., Hasan, B., Algotsson, M., & Sarenbo, S. (2014). Handling and welfare of bovine livestock at local abattoirs in Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 17(4), 340-353. doi: 10.1080/1088 8705.2014.905782
Alnajrani, M., Hanlon, K., English, A., Fermin, K., Brashears, M. M., & Echeverry, A. (2018). Comparing the recovery of indicator microorganisms from beef trimmings using swabbing, rinsing, and grinding methodologies. Meat and Muscle Biology, 2(1), 154-161. doi: 10.22175/mmb2017.09.0047
Antic, D., Houf, K., Michalopoulou, E., & Blagojevic, B. (2021). Beef abattoir interventions in a risk-based meat safety assurance system. Meat Science, 182, 108622. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108622
Arquias, R. K. F., & Seixas, D. B. C. (2021). Riscos do consumo de carne não inspecionada e as principais características sensoriais analisadas pelos consumidores-revisão de literatura. Universitário FG. https://repositorio.animaeducacao.com.br/handle/ANIMA/13584
Calle, A., Carrascal, A. K., Patiño, C., Carpio, C., Echeverry, A., & Brashears, M. (2021). Seasonal effect on Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157: H7 and non-O157 in the beef industry in Colombia, South America. Heliyon, 7(7), e07547. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07547
Carrasco-García, A. A., Pardío-Sedas, V. T., León-Banda, G. G., Ahuja-Aguirre, C., Paredes-Ramos, P., Hernández-Cruz, B. C., & Murillo, V. V. (2020). Effect of stress during slaughter on carcass characteristics and meat quality in tropical beef cattle. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 33(10), 1656- 1665. doi: 10.5713/ajas.19.0804
Cevallos-Almeida, M., Burgos-Mayorga, A., Gómez, C. A., Lema-Hurtado, J. L., Lema, L., Calvache, I., Jaramillo, C., Ruilova, I. C., Martínez, E. P., & Estupiñán, P. (2021). Association between animal welfare indicators and microbiological quality of beef carcasses, including Salmonella spp., from a slaughterhouse in Ecuador. Veterinary World, 14(4), 918-925. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.918-925
Chen, Y., & Knabel, S. J. (2007). Multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of bacteria of the genus Listeria, Listeria monocytogenes, and major serotypes and epidemic clones of L. monocytogenes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(19), 6299-6304. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00961-07
Costa, V. F. (2018). Avaliação dos procedimentos sanitários operacionais (PSO) de bovinos no segundo semestre de 2017 em um frigorífico do município de Formiga-MG. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário de Formiga, Formiga, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Eisel, W. G., Linton, R. H., & Muriana, P. M. (1997). A survey of microbial levels for incoming raw beef, environmental sources, and ground beef in a red meat processing plant. Food Microbiology, 14(3), 273-282. doi: 10.1006/fmic.1996.0094
Fasanmi, O. G., Makinde, G. E. O., Popoola, M. A., Fasina, O. F., Matere, J., & Ogundare, S. T. (2018). Potential risk factors associated with carcass contamination in slaughterhouse operations and hygiene in Oyo state, Nigeria. International Journal of Livestock Production, 9(8), 211-220. doi: 10.5897/IJLP 2018.0491
Gomes, T. A. T., Elias, W. P., Scaletsky, I. C. A., Guth, B. E. C., Rodrigues, J. F., Piazza, R. M. F., Ferreira, L. C. S., & Martinez, M. B. (2016). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 47(Suppl. 1), 3-30. doi: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.015
Gutema, F. D., Abdi, R. D., Agga, G. E., Firew, S., Rasschaert, G., Mattheus, W., Crombe, F., Duchateau, L., Gabriël, S., & De Zutter, L. (2021). Assessment of beef carcass contamination with Salmonella and E. coli O 157 in slaughterhouses in Bishoftu, Ethiopia. International Journal of Food Contamination, 8(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1186/s40550-021-00082-1
International Organization for Standardization 11290-1 (2004). Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes. Part 1: detection method. ISO 1996.
International Organization for Standardization 6579 (2002). Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - horizontal method for detection of Salmonella spp. (4nd ed.). ISO.
Koutsoumanis, K., & Sofos, J. N. (2004). Microbial contamination of carcasses and cuts. Encyclopedia of Meat Sciences, 67, 1624-1629.
Milios, K. T., Drosinos, E. H., & Zoiopoulos, P. E. (2014). Food safety management system validation and verification in meat industry: carcass sampling methods for microbiological hygiene criteria - a review. Food Control, 43, 74-81. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.02.041
Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (2017). Decreto nº 9.013 de 29 de março de 2017, Dispõe sobre o Regulamento da Inspeção Industrial e Sanitária de Produtos de Origem Animal. Diário Oficial [da] República Federativa do Brasil, 62(1), 3.
Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (2018b). Instrução Normativa nº60 de 20 de dezembro de 2018. Estabelece o controle microbiológico em carcaça de suínos e em carcaça e carne de bovinos em abatedouros frigorífico. Diário Oficial [da] República Federativa do Brasil, 246(1), 4.
Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (2018a). TOMO I: Bovinos. MAPA. https://www.gov.br/ agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/inspecao/produtos-animal/empresario/copy_of_TOMODEBOVINO.pdf/view
Oliveira, M. S., Santos, I. G. C. dos, Dias, B. P., Nascimento, C. A., Rodrigues, É. M., Ribeiro, J. C., Jr., Alfieri, A. A., & Alexandrino, B. (2021). Hygienic-health quality and microbiological hazard of clandestine Minas Frescal cheese commercialized in north Tocantins, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(2), 679-694. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n2p679
Paton, A. W., & Paton, J. C. (1998). Detection and characterization of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli by using multiplex PCR assays for stx 1, stx 2, eaeA, enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA, rfb O111, and rfb O157. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 36(2), 598-602. doi: 10.1128/JCM.36.2.598-602.1998
Ribeiro, J. C., Jr., Silva, F. F., Lima, J. B. A., Ossugui, E. H., Teinder, P. I., Jr., Campos, A. C. L. P., Navarro, A., Tamanini, R., Ribeiro, J., Alfieri, A. A., & Beloti, V. (2019). Short communication: molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from raw milk and Minas Frescal cheeses in Brazil. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(12), 10850-10854. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16732
Ribeiro, J. C., Jr., Tamanini, R., Soares, B. F., Oliveira, A. M., Silva, F. G., Silva, F. F., Augusto, N. A., & Beloti, V. (2016). Efficiency of boiling and four other methods for genomic DNA extraction of deteriorating spore-forming bacteria from milk. Semina: Ciencias Agrarias, 37(5), 3069-3078. doi: 10. 5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5p3069
Shaibu, A. O., Okolocha, E. C., Maikai, B. V., & Olufemi, O. T. (2021). Isolation and antibiogram of Salmonella species from slaughtered cattle and the processing environment in Abuja abattoirs, Nigeria. Food Control, 125, 107972. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107972
Shanmugasamy, M., Velayutham, T., & Rajeswar, J. (2011). InvA gene specific PCR for detection of Salmonella from broilers. Veterinary World, 4(12), 562-564. doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2011.562-564
Silva, J. A., & Silva, D. (2005). Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica (EPEC), ao contrário da Echerichia coli comensal, adere, sinaliza e lesa enterócitos. Revista Patologia Tropical, 34(3), 175-196. doi: 10.5216/rpt. v34i3.1925
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2022-05-30
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Sagawa, R., Rodrigues, Y. M., Nascimento, C. A., Ribeiro, J., Oliveira, M. da S., Conti, A. C. M., & Ribeiro Júnior, J. C. (2022). Impact of the pre-slaughter period on the contamination of bovine leather and the operational sanitary procedure for skinning on the quality and microbiological safety of the carcass. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(4), 1835–1848. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n4p1835
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