Factors associated with grain feeding in dairy farms located in the central-western region of Paraná State, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6p3431Keywords:
Animal feed, Concentrate, Farm typology, Multivariate approach.Abstract
This study aimed to investigate factors associated with grain feeding and determine the typology of dairy farms that use high-grain diets. Twenty-two farm operators were interviewed in three municipalities located in the central-western region of Paraná state, Brazil. Information on reproductive and nutritional management practices, sociodemographic characteristics, and farm performance was collected. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and multiple linear regression. Three factors (F1, F2, and F3) were extracted, which together explained 82.61% of the total variance. F1 comprised diet quality, technology, and breeding composition. F2 comprised labor and size. F3 comprised feed quality and schooling. Farms were classified into four groups and compared in terms of factor scores and performance parameters. Group 1 had the highest mean score on F1 (0.715), group 4 on F2 (1.642), and group 2 on F3 (1.116). Groups 4 and 1 had the highest milk productivity (2043.50 and 399.52 L day-1, respectively) and labor efficiency (418.16 and 148.63 L worker-1 day-1, respectively). Group 4 also had the highest mean number of cows per worker (25.52 cows worker-1). Regression analysis revealed that diet quality, technology, and breeding composition (F1) explained the variance in cow productivity. Labor and size, (F2) explained the variance in number of cows per worker. Daily productivity and labor efficiency were explained by both F1 and F2. Feed quality and farm operator’s level of schooling did not explain the variation in any of the variables. We found that roughage quality, breeding technology, and herd breed composition are the major factors associated with grain feeding. Farmers who feed cows high-quality roughage throughout the year and invest in genetic improvement and selective breeding strategies are more likely to adopt high-grain feeding and have high milk productivity.References
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Hills, J. L., Wales, W. J., Dunshea, F. R., Garcia, S. C., & Roche, J. R. (2015). Invited review: an evaluation of the likely effects of individualized feeding of concentrate supplements to pasture-based dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(3), 1363-1401. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8475
Hurtaud, C., Chesneau, G., Coulmier, D., & Peyraud, J. L. (2013). Effects of extruded linseed or alfalfa protein concentrate in interaction with two levels of concentrates on milk production and composition in dairy cows. Livestock Science, 158(1-3), 64-73. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.10.002
Hynes, D. N., Stergiadis, S., Gordon, A., & Yan, T. (2016). Effects of crude protein level in concentrate supplements on animal performance and nitrogen utilization of lactating dairy cows fed fresh-cut perennial grass. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(10), 8111-8120. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11110
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Janssen, E., & Swinnen, J. (2019). Technology adoption and value chains in developing countries : evidence from dairy in India. Food Policy, 88(March) 327-336. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.08.005
Jiao, H. P., Dale, A. J., Carson, A. F., Gordon, A. W., & Ferris, C. P. (2014). Effect of concentrate feed level on methane emissions from grazing dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(11), 7043-7053. doi: 10. 3168/jds.2014-7979
Kebebe, E. G., Oosting, S. J., Baltenweck, I., & Duncan, A. J. (2017). Characterisation of adopters and non-adopters of dairy technologies in Ethiopia and Kenya, 49(4), 681-690. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1241-8
Khanal, A. R., Gillespie, J., & Macdonald, J. (2010). Adoption of technology, management practices, and production systems in US milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(12), 6012-6022. doi: 10.3168/ jds.2010-3425
Koerich, G., Damasceno, J. C., Bánkuti, F. I., Parré, J. L., & Santos, G. T. dos. (2019). Influence of forage production area, concentrate supply, and workforce on productive results in milk production systems. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 48(e20170177), 1-11. doi: 10.1590/rbz4820170177
Lange, M. J., Zambom, M. A., Ramos, C. E. C. de O., Castagnara, D. D., Bánkuti, F. I., Neumann, M. E.,… Tinini, R. C. dos R. (2016). Typology of dairy production systems based on the characteristics of management in the Region of West Paraná. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 37(1), 473. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n1p473
Li, B., Fikse, W. F., Lassen, J., Lidauer, M. H., Løvendahl, P., Mäntysaari, P., & Berglund, B. (2016). Genetic parameters for dry matter intake in primiparous Holstein, Nordic Red, and Jersey cows in the first half of lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(9), 7232-7239. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-10669
Lima, P. G. L., Damasceno, J. C., Borges, J. A. R., Santos, G. T. dos, & Bánkuti, F. I. (2020). Short communication: socio-psychological factors influencing dairy farmers’ intention to adopt high-grain feeding in Brazil. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(11), 10283-10288. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-18475
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2021-08-12
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Lima, P. G. L., Damasceno, J. C., Borges, J. A. R., Bánkuti, F. I., & Martinelli, R. R. (2021). Factors associated with grain feeding in dairy farms located in the central-western region of Paraná State, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(6), 3431–3448. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6p3431
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