Effect of sample size on kinetic parameters of roughage and concentrated feeds by a semi-automated in vitro gas production system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p255Keywords:
Digestion, Headspace, Lag time, Degradation rate, Gas production.Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different amounts of incubated samples on the kinetic parameters of in vitro fermentation of roughage and concentrated food used for feeding ruminants. Samples were prepared using 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg of air-dried roughage and concentrated sample, ground to 1 mm, and placed in 120 mL glass flasks. Next, inoculum and McDougal solution were added, and the readings were obtained using a semi-automated pressure transducer up to 96 h after the beginning of the incubations. Gas production of the non-fibrous fraction increased linearly (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, Marandu grass silage, corn silage, dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles, dried brewer’s yeast, bean residue, wet brewer’s grains, sunflower meal, and Jatropha meal; quadratically (P < 0.05) for Napier grass silage and cottonseed meal; and cubically (P < 0.05) for castor meal and soybean meal. The degradation rate of the non-fibrous fraction reduced linearly (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, Napier grass silage, and castor meal; quadratically (P < 0.05) for Marandu grass silage; and cubically (P < 0.05) for corn silage, soybean meal, dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles, bean residue, and cottonseed meal. Gas production of the fibrous fraction increased linearly (P < 0.05) for Napier grass silage, Marandu grass silage, corn silage, dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles, bean residue, wet brewer’s grain, cottonseed meal, and sunflower meal; quadratically ( < 0.05) for Jatropha meal; and cubically (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, castor meal, and soybean meal. The degradation rate of the fibrous fraction increased linearly (P < 0.05) for Napier grass silage, dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles, dried brewer’s yeast, wet brewer’s grains; quadratically (P < 0.05) for corn silage and castor meal; and cubically (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, Marandu grass silage, and bean residue. The lag time reduced linearly (P < 0.05) for castor meal and dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles; quadratically (P < 0.05) for Napier grass silage; and cubically (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, Marandu grass silage, corn silage, soybean meal, bean residue, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal, and Jatropha meal. Thus, our findings suggest that the kinetic parameters of in vitro fermentation were affected as a function of the amount of incubated sample.References
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Cone, J. W., & Van Gelder, A. H. (1996). Influence of rumen fluid and substrate concentration on fermentation kinetics measured with a fully automated time related gas production apparatus. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 61(1-4), 113-128. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(96)00950-9
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Statistical Analysis System. SAS/STAT Software Version 9.2. Cary: SAS Institute Inc., 2008.
Schofield, P., Pitt, R. E., & Pell, A. N. (1994). Kinetics of fiber digestion from in-vitro gas-production. Journal of Animal Science, 72(11), 2980-2991. doi: 10.2527/1994.72112980x
Sniffen, C. J., O’Connor, D. J., Van Soest, P. J., Fox. D. G., & Russell, J. B. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70(11), 3562-3577. doi: 10.2527/1992.70113562x
Theodorou, M. K., Williams, B. A., Dhanoa, M. S., McAllan, A. B., & France, J. (1994). A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 48(3-4), 185-197. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(94)90171-6
Casali, A. O., Detmann, E., Valadares, S. C., Fº, Pereira, J. C., Henriques, L. T., Freitas, S. G., & Paulino, M. F. (2008). Influência do tempo de incubação e do tamanho de partículas sobre os teores de compostos indigestíveis em alimentos e fezes bovinas obtidos por procedimento in situ. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 37(2), 335-342. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982008000200021
Cone, J. W., & Van Gelder, A. H. (1996). Influence of rumen fluid and substrate concentration on fermentation kinetics measured with a fully automated time related gas production apparatus. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 61(1-4), 113-128. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(96)00950-9
Detmann, E., Souza, M. A., Valadares, S. C., Fº, Queiroz, A. C., Berchielli, T. T., Saliba, E. O. E.,... Azevedo, J. A. G. (2012). Métodos para análise de alimentos. Viçosa, Minas Gerais: Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Getachew, G., Blummel, M., Makkar, H. P. S., & Becker, K. (1998). In vitro gas measuring techniques for assessment of nutritional quality of feeds: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 72(3), 261-281. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8401(97)00189-2
Getachew, G., Robinson, P. H., DePeters, E. J., & Taylor, S. J. (2004). Relationships between chemical composition, dry matter degradation and in vitro gas production of several ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 111(1), 57-71. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00217-7
Goering, H. K., & Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage fiber analysis: Apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications. Washington: USDA.
Goes, R. H. T. E B., Souza, K. A., Patussi, R. A., Cornelio, T. C., Oliveira, E. R., & Brabes, K. C. S. (2010). Degradabilidade in situ dos grãos de crambe, girassol e soja, e de seus coprodutos em ovinos. Acta Scientiarum, 32(3), 271-277. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i3.7913
Groot, J. C. J., Cone, J. W., Willians, B. A., Debersaques, F. M. A., & Lantinga, E. A. (1996). Multiphasic analysis of gas production kinetics for in vitro fermentation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 64(1), 77-89. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8401(96)01012-7
Menke, K. H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., & Schneider, W. (1979). The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 93(1), 217-222. doi: 10.1017/S0021859600086305
McDougal, E. I. (1949). Studies on ruminal saliva. 1. The composition and output of sheep’s saliva. Biochemical Journal, 43(1), 99-109. doi: 10.1042/bj0430099
Ramin, M., & Huhtanen, P. (2012). Development of an in vitro method for determination of methane production kinetics using a fully automated in vitro gas system A modelling approach. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 174(4), 190200. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.03.008
Rymer, C., Huntington, J. A., Williams, B. A., & Givens, D. I. (2005). In vitro cumulative gas production techniques: History, methodological considerations and challenges. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123-124, 9-30. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.055
Santo, A. X., Silva, L. D. F., Lançanova, J. A. C., Ribeiro, E. L. A., Mizubuti, I. Y., Fortaleza, A. P. S.,... Massaro, F. L., Jr. (2017). Fracionamento de carboidratos e proteínas, cinética de degradação ruminal in vitro pela técnica de produção de gás, de rações suplementares contendo torta de girassol. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, 69(1), 234-242. doi: 10.1590/1678-4162-8761
Statistical Analysis System. SAS/STAT Software Version 9.2. Cary: SAS Institute Inc., 2008.
Schofield, P., Pitt, R. E., & Pell, A. N. (1994). Kinetics of fiber digestion from in-vitro gas-production. Journal of Animal Science, 72(11), 2980-2991. doi: 10.2527/1994.72112980x
Sniffen, C. J., O’Connor, D. J., Van Soest, P. J., Fox. D. G., & Russell, J. B. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70(11), 3562-3577. doi: 10.2527/1992.70113562x
Theodorou, M. K., Williams, B. A., Dhanoa, M. S., McAllan, A. B., & France, J. (1994). A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 48(3-4), 185-197. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(94)90171-6
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2020-01-10
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Ferro, M. M., Cabral, L. da S., Barros, L. V. de, Araujo, C. V. de, & Paula, N. F. de. (2020). Effect of sample size on kinetic parameters of roughage and concentrated feeds by a semi-automated in vitro gas production system. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(1), 255–268. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p255
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