Estimativa do limiar econômico de Leptochloa chinensis (chinese sprangletop) em arroz de grão fino (Oryza sativa) em semeadura direta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n2p803Palavras-chave:
Limite econômico, Densidades, Design I, Erva, Competição.Resumo
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees (Chinese sprangletop) é uma planta daninha que está se tornando uma séria ameaça no arroz de terras altas e baixas. Um estudo de campo foi realizado na Fazenda de Pesquisa Agronômica, Universidade de Sargodha, Punjab, Paquistão, durante as estações de verão de 2018 e 2019 para avaliar o efeito da densidade de L. chinensis na produção de arroz fino de semeadura direta. Os tratamentos foram compostos por densidades de L. chinensis de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 plantas m-2, e o experimento foi delineado em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições de cada tratamento. Os resultados sugerem que a presença de L. chinensis prejudicou significativamente a produtividade de grãos do arroz de semeadura direta. A infestação de ervas daninhas causou perdas de rendimento de 63% e 69%, onde 25 plantas de L. chinensis m-2 foram mantidas em 2018 e 2019, respectivamente. A redução da produtividade deveu-se à redução no peso de mil grãos (22,9 e 29,1%), número de perfilhos m-2 (65,8 e 60,0%) e número de panículas-1 (53,3 e 60%) em 2018 e 2019, respectivamente. A maior infestação de plantas daninhas (25 plantas m-2) produziu a maior biomassa seca de plantas daninhas (687 e 669 g m-2), absorção de N (19,3 e 19,3 kg ha-1), absorção de P (1,92 e 2,32 kg ha-1) , e absorção de K (20,53 e 20,27 kg ha-1) em 2018 e 2019, respectivamente. A menor infestação de plantas daninhas (5 plantas m-2) produziu biomassa seca mínima de plantas daninhas (47 e 85 g m-2), absorção de N (1,6 e 2,9), absorção de P (0,3 e 0,5) e absorção de K (1,7 e 30 kg ha-1) em 2018 e 2019, respectivamente. O limiar econômico de L. chinensis estimado para causar perda de rendimento de 6,73% e 6,08% pelo modelo de previsão foi de 1,70 e 1,73 plantas m-2 durante 2018 e 2019, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que L. chinensis é uma planta daninha importante em arroz de semeadura direta e deve ser controlada quando sua densidade atingir 1,70-1,73 plantas m-2 para evitar perdas significativas de produtividade.
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