Os efeitos do triptofano e da piridoxina fornecidos por via oral aos leitões em amamentação sobre a perda de peso e o comportamento social após o desmame
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p335Palavras-chave:
Aminoácido aromático, Desempenho, Estresse pós-desmame.Resumo
Este estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação oral de triptofano (Trp) e piridoxina (Pyr) para leitões em aleitamento sobre o desempenho produtivo e comportamento social, antes e após o desmame. No 14º dia de vida, seis leitões por porca foram divididos em três tratamentos e foram distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com oito repetições e dois leitões por unidade experimental (16 leitões/tratamento). Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: Controle - suplementação oral de L-alanina (1.70 g), D-glicose (1.74 g) e água destilada (3.44 ml); Trp - suplementação oral de Trp (3.5 g / d) e água destilada; Trp + Pyr-Trp (3.5 g / d) + Pyr (0.0095 g / d) e água destilada. Cada tratamento foi fornecido oralmente por cinco vezes ao dia (2.5 ml em cada suplementação), do 14º até o 21º dia de idade. Durante a fase de creche os leitões foram monitorados durante 24 horas no 21º, 28º e 33º dia de idade para avaliação do comportamento (em pé, deitado, comendo, sociabilizando, sentado e bebendo). Leitões suplementados oralmente com Trp + Pyr apresentaram uma redução na perda de peso (P=0.03) no primeiro dia após o desmame. O desempenho não foi influenciado (P > 0.05) pelos tratamentos nos períodos estudados, assim como no período total após o desmame (21 a 34 dias). Leitões que receberam suplementação de Trp, com ou sem Pyr, visitaram os comedouros mais frequentemente do 21º ao 22º dia (P < 0.01) e do 28º ao 29º (P < 0.02) assim como no período total (P < 0.01). Conclui-se que altas doses de Trp associadas ou não com altas doses de Pyr fornecidas oralmente aos leitões em aleitamento reduziram a perda de peso no primeiro dia após o desmame e aumentaram a frequência de visitas aos bebedouros no primeiro dia após o desmame e aos comedouros principalmente do desmame até 7 dias após ao desmame.Downloads
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Referências
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Hwang, H. S., Lee, J. K., Eom, T. K., Son, S. H., Hong, J. K., Kim, K. H., & Rhim, S. J. (2016). Behavioral characteristics of weaned piglets mixed in different groups. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 29(7), 1060-1064. doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0734
Jayaraman, B., Htoo, J. K., & Nyachoti, C. M. (2017). Effects of different dietary tryptophan: lysine ratios and sanitary conditions on growth performance, plasma urea nitrogen, serum haptoglobin and ileal histomorphology of weaned pigs. Animal Science Journal, 88(5), 763-771. doi: 10.1111/asj.12695
Jenkins, T. A., Nguyen, J. C., Polglaze, K. E., & Bertrand, P. P. (2016). Influence of tryptophan and serotonin on mood and cognition with a possible role of the gut-brain axis. Nutrients, 8(1), 1-15. doi: 10.3390/nu8010056
Kałużna-Czaplińska, J., Gątarek, P., Chirumbolo, S., Chartrand, M. S., & Bjørklund, G. (2019). How important is tryptophan in human health? Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(1), 72-88. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1357534
Lam, D. D., Garfield, A. S., Marston, O. J., Shaw, J., & Heisler, L. K. (2010). Brain serotonin system in the coordination of food intake and body weight. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 97(1), 84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.09.003
Le Floc’h, N., Otten, W., & Merlot, E. (2011). Tryptophan metabolism, from nutrition to potential therapeutic applications. Amino acids, 41(5), 1195-1205. doi: 10.1007/s00726-010-0752-7
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Mateo, R. D., Wu, G., Moon, H. K., Carroll, J. A., & Kim, S. W. (2008). Effects of dietary arginine supplementation during gestation and lactation on the performance of lactating primiparous sows and nursing piglets. Journal of Animal Science, 86(4), 827-835. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0371
Middelkoop, A., Costermans, N., Kemp, B., & Bolhuis, J. E. (2019). Feed intake of the sow and playful creep feeding of piglet’s influence piglet behaviour and performance before and after weaning. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52530-w
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Mund, M. D., Riaz, M., Mirza, M. A., Rahman, Z. U., Mahmood, T., Ahmad, F., & Ammar, A. (2020). Effect of dietary tryptophan supplementation on growth performance, immune response and anti oxidant status of broiler chickens from 7 to 21 days. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 6(1), 48-53. doi: 10.10 02/vms3.195
National Research Council (2012). Nutrient requirements of swine. New York: National Academies Press.
Pluske, J. R., Turpin, D. L., & Kim, J. C. (2018). Gastrointestinal tract (gut) health in the young pig. Animal Nutrition, 4(2), 187-196. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.12.004
Poletto, R., Kretzer, F. C., & Hötzel, M. J. (2014). Minimizing aggression during mixing of gestating sows with supplementation of a tryptophan-enriched diet. Physiology & Behavior, 132(1), 36-43. doi: 10.10 16/j.physbeh.2014.04.043
Quintero-Villegas, A., & Valdés-Ferrer, S. I. (2020). Role of 5-HT 7 receptors in the immune system in health and disease. Molecular Medicine, 26(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s10020-019-0126-x
Ren, M., Cai, S., Zhou, T., Zhang, S., Li, S., Jin, E.,… Qiao, S. (2019). Isoleucine attenuates infection induced by E. coli challenge through the modulation of intestinal endogenous antimicrobial peptide expression and the inhibition of the increase in plasma endotoxin and IL-6 in weaned pigs. Food & Function, 10(6), 3535-3542. doi: 10.1039/C9FO00218A
Shen, Y. B., Coffey, M. T., & Kim, S. W. (2015). Effects of short-term supplementation of l-tryptophan and reducing large neutral amino acid along with l-tryptophan supplementation on growth and stress response in pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 207(1), 245-252. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2015.06.020
Shen, Y. B., Voilqué, G., Kim, J. D., Odle, J., & Kim, S. W. (2012a). Effects of increasing tryptophan intake on growth and physiological changes in nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 90(7), 2264-2275. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4203
Shen, Y. B., Voilqué, G., Odle, J., & Kim, S. W. (2012b). Dietary L-tryptophan supplementation with reduced large neutral amino acids enhances feed efficiency and decreases stress hormone secretion in nursery pigs under social-mixing stress. The Journal of Nutrition, 142(8), 1540-1546. doi: 10.3945/jn. 112.163824
Singh, P., Fletcher, T. W., Li, Y., Rusch, N. J., & Kilic, F. (2013). Serotonin uptake rates in platelets from angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mice. Health, 5(4A), 31-39. doi: 10.4236/health.2013.54A005
Statistical Analyses System® (2019). University Edition ©SAS Institute Inc. Retrieved from https://www.sas. com/en_us/software/university-edition.html
Vestlund, J., Winsa-Jörnulf, J., Hovey, D., Lundström, S., Lichtenstein, P., Anckarsäter, H.,... Jerlhag, E. (2019). Ghrelin and aggressive behaviours Evidence from preclinical and human genetic studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 104(1), 80-88. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.020
Young, S. N. (2013). The effect of raising and lowering tryptophan levels on human mood and social behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368(1615), 1-9. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0375
Höglund, E., Øverli, Ø., & Winberg, S. (2019). Tryptophan metabolic pathways and brain serotonergic activity: a comparative review. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10(1), 1-11. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00158
Hwang, H. S., Lee, J. K., Eom, T. K., Son, S. H., Hong, J. K., Kim, K. H., & Rhim, S. J. (2016). Behavioral characteristics of weaned piglets mixed in different groups. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 29(7), 1060-1064. doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0734
Jayaraman, B., Htoo, J. K., & Nyachoti, C. M. (2017). Effects of different dietary tryptophan: lysine ratios and sanitary conditions on growth performance, plasma urea nitrogen, serum haptoglobin and ileal histomorphology of weaned pigs. Animal Science Journal, 88(5), 763-771. doi: 10.1111/asj.12695
Jenkins, T. A., Nguyen, J. C., Polglaze, K. E., & Bertrand, P. P. (2016). Influence of tryptophan and serotonin on mood and cognition with a possible role of the gut-brain axis. Nutrients, 8(1), 1-15. doi: 10.3390/nu8010056
Kałużna-Czaplińska, J., Gątarek, P., Chirumbolo, S., Chartrand, M. S., & Bjørklund, G. (2019). How important is tryptophan in human health? Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(1), 72-88. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1357534
Lam, D. D., Garfield, A. S., Marston, O. J., Shaw, J., & Heisler, L. K. (2010). Brain serotonin system in the coordination of food intake and body weight. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 97(1), 84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.09.003
Le Floc’h, N., Otten, W., & Merlot, E. (2011). Tryptophan metabolism, from nutrition to potential therapeutic applications. Amino acids, 41(5), 1195-1205. doi: 10.1007/s00726-010-0752-7
Liang, J., Han, Q., Tan, Y., Ding, H., & Li, J. (2019). Current advances on structure-function relationships of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 6(1), 1-21. doi: 10. 3389/fmolb.2019.00004
Liu, H. W., Shi, B. M., Liu, D. S., & Shan, A. S. (2013). Supplemental dietary tryptophan modifies behavior, concentrations of salivary cortisol, plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine in weaning piglets. Livestock Science, 151(2-3), 213-218. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012. 11.003
Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Yan, H., & Zhang, H. (2019). L-tryptophan enhances intestinal integrity in diquat-challenged piglets associated with improvement of redox status and mitochondrial function. Animals, 9(5), 1-22. doi: 10.3390/ani9050266
Lowery, C. L., Woulfe, D., & Kilic, F. (2019). Responses of plasma catecholamine, serotonin, and the platelet serotonin transporter to cigarette smoking. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13(1), 1-7. doi: 10.3389/ fnins.2019.00032
Martin, C. R., Osadchiy, V., Kalani, A., & Mayer, E. A. (2018). The brain-gut-microbiome axis. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 6(2), 133-148. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.04.003
Martin, P., & Bateson, P. P. G. (1993). Measuring behaviour: an introductory guide (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Martin, C. R., Osadchiy, V., Kalani, A., & Mayer,, D. (2016). Mood, food, and cognition: role of tryptophan and serotonin. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 19(1), 55-61. doi: 10.1097/ MCO.0000000000000237
Mateo, R. D., Wu, G., Moon, H. K., Carroll, J. A., & Kim, S. W. (2008). Effects of dietary arginine supplementation during gestation and lactation on the performance of lactating primiparous sows and nursing piglets. Journal of Animal Science, 86(4), 827-835. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0371
Middelkoop, A., Costermans, N., Kemp, B., & Bolhuis, J. E. (2019). Feed intake of the sow and playful creep feeding of piglet’s influence piglet behaviour and performance before and after weaning. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52530-w
Mou, Q., Yang, H. S., Yin, Y. L., & Huang, P. F. (2019). Amino Acids Influencing Intestinal Development and Health of the Piglets. Animals, 9(6), 302-313.
Mund, M. D., Riaz, M., Mirza, M. A., Rahman, Z. U., Mahmood, T., Ahmad, F., & Ammar, A. (2020). Effect of dietary tryptophan supplementation on growth performance, immune response and anti oxidant status of broiler chickens from 7 to 21 days. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 6(1), 48-53. doi: 10.10 02/vms3.195
National Research Council (2012). Nutrient requirements of swine. New York: National Academies Press.
Pluske, J. R., Turpin, D. L., & Kim, J. C. (2018). Gastrointestinal tract (gut) health in the young pig. Animal Nutrition, 4(2), 187-196. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.12.004
Poletto, R., Kretzer, F. C., & Hötzel, M. J. (2014). Minimizing aggression during mixing of gestating sows with supplementation of a tryptophan-enriched diet. Physiology & Behavior, 132(1), 36-43. doi: 10.10 16/j.physbeh.2014.04.043
Quintero-Villegas, A., & Valdés-Ferrer, S. I. (2020). Role of 5-HT 7 receptors in the immune system in health and disease. Molecular Medicine, 26(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s10020-019-0126-x
Ren, M., Cai, S., Zhou, T., Zhang, S., Li, S., Jin, E.,… Qiao, S. (2019). Isoleucine attenuates infection induced by E. coli challenge through the modulation of intestinal endogenous antimicrobial peptide expression and the inhibition of the increase in plasma endotoxin and IL-6 in weaned pigs. Food & Function, 10(6), 3535-3542. doi: 10.1039/C9FO00218A
Shen, Y. B., Coffey, M. T., & Kim, S. W. (2015). Effects of short-term supplementation of l-tryptophan and reducing large neutral amino acid along with l-tryptophan supplementation on growth and stress response in pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 207(1), 245-252. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2015.06.020
Shen, Y. B., Voilqué, G., Kim, J. D., Odle, J., & Kim, S. W. (2012a). Effects of increasing tryptophan intake on growth and physiological changes in nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 90(7), 2264-2275. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4203
Shen, Y. B., Voilqué, G., Odle, J., & Kim, S. W. (2012b). Dietary L-tryptophan supplementation with reduced large neutral amino acids enhances feed efficiency and decreases stress hormone secretion in nursery pigs under social-mixing stress. The Journal of Nutrition, 142(8), 1540-1546. doi: 10.3945/jn. 112.163824
Singh, P., Fletcher, T. W., Li, Y., Rusch, N. J., & Kilic, F. (2013). Serotonin uptake rates in platelets from angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mice. Health, 5(4A), 31-39. doi: 10.4236/health.2013.54A005
Statistical Analyses System® (2019). University Edition ©SAS Institute Inc. Retrieved from https://www.sas. com/en_us/software/university-edition.html
Vestlund, J., Winsa-Jörnulf, J., Hovey, D., Lundström, S., Lichtenstein, P., Anckarsäter, H.,... Jerlhag, E. (2019). Ghrelin and aggressive behaviours Evidence from preclinical and human genetic studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 104(1), 80-88. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.020
Young, S. N. (2013). The effect of raising and lowering tryptophan levels on human mood and social behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368(1615), 1-9. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0375
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2021-01-19
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Bonagurio, L. P., Castilha, L. D., Pasquetti, T. J., Sangali, C. P., Huepa, L. M. D., & Pozza, P. C. (2021). Os efeitos do triptofano e da piridoxina fornecidos por via oral aos leitões em amamentação sobre a perda de peso e o comportamento social após o desmame. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(1), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p335
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