The effects of tryptophan and pyridoxine supplied orally to nursing piglets on weight loss and social behavior after weaning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p335Keywords:
Aromatic amino acid, Performance, Post weaning stress.Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of oral supplementation with tryptophan (Trp) and pyridoxine (Pyr) on the growth performance and social behavior of suckling piglets before and after weaning. At day 14, six suckling piglets per sow were distributed into three treatments and allotted in a randomized block design, with eight replicates and two piglets per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a Control - oral supplementation with L-alanine (1.70 g), D-glucose (1.74 g) and distilled water (3.44 mL); Trp - oral supplementation with Trp (3.5 g/d) and distilled water; and Trp + Pyr - oral supplementation with Trp (3.5 g/d) + Pyr (0.0095 g/d) and distilled water. Each treatment was supplied orally five times per day (2.5 mL each treatment), from 14 to 21 days old. Piglets were monitored continuously in the nursing phase for 24 h at 21, 28 and 33 days of age to assess the behavior (standing, lying, eating, socializing, sitting and drinking). Piglets receiving oral Trp + Pyr showed a decreased weight loss on the first day after weaning (P = 0.03). Performance was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatments in each studied period, such as in overall period (21 to 34 days) after weaning. Piglets receiving Trp supplementation visited the feeders more frequently from days 21 to 22 (P < 0.01) and from days 28 to 29 (P < 0.02), as well as in the overall period (P < 0.01). It is concluded that high doses of tryptophan with or without high doses of pyridoxine, supplied orally to nursing piglets, reduced the weight loss on the first day after weaning and increased the frequency of visits to the drinkers on the first day after weaning and also to the feeders, mainly from weaning until 7 days after.Downloads
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References
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Jayaraman, B., Htoo, J. K., & Nyachoti, C. M. (2017). Effects of different dietary tryptophan: lysine ratios and sanitary conditions on growth performance, plasma urea nitrogen, serum haptoglobin and ileal histomorphology of weaned pigs. Animal Science Journal, 88(5), 763-771. doi: 10.1111/asj.12695
Jenkins, T. A., Nguyen, J. C., Polglaze, K. E., & Bertrand, P. P. (2016). Influence of tryptophan and serotonin on mood and cognition with a possible role of the gut-brain axis. Nutrients, 8(1), 1-15. doi: 10.3390/nu8010056
Kałużna-Czaplińska, J., Gątarek, P., Chirumbolo, S., Chartrand, M. S., & Bjørklund, G. (2019). How important is tryptophan in human health? Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(1), 72-88. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1357534
Lam, D. D., Garfield, A. S., Marston, O. J., Shaw, J., & Heisler, L. K. (2010). Brain serotonin system in the coordination of food intake and body weight. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 97(1), 84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.09.003
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Mateo, R. D., Wu, G., Moon, H. K., Carroll, J. A., & Kim, S. W. (2008). Effects of dietary arginine supplementation during gestation and lactation on the performance of lactating primiparous sows and nursing piglets. Journal of Animal Science, 86(4), 827-835. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0371
Middelkoop, A., Costermans, N., Kemp, B., & Bolhuis, J. E. (2019). Feed intake of the sow and playful creep feeding of piglet’s influence piglet behaviour and performance before and after weaning. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52530-w
Mou, Q., Yang, H. S., Yin, Y. L., & Huang, P. F. (2019). Amino Acids Influencing Intestinal Development and Health of the Piglets. Animals, 9(6), 302-313.
Mund, M. D., Riaz, M., Mirza, M. A., Rahman, Z. U., Mahmood, T., Ahmad, F., & Ammar, A. (2020). Effect of dietary tryptophan supplementation on growth performance, immune response and anti oxidant status of broiler chickens from 7 to 21 days. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 6(1), 48-53. doi: 10.10 02/vms3.195
National Research Council (2012). Nutrient requirements of swine. New York: National Academies Press.
Pluske, J. R., Turpin, D. L., & Kim, J. C. (2018). Gastrointestinal tract (gut) health in the young pig. Animal Nutrition, 4(2), 187-196. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.12.004
Poletto, R., Kretzer, F. C., & Hötzel, M. J. (2014). Minimizing aggression during mixing of gestating sows with supplementation of a tryptophan-enriched diet. Physiology & Behavior, 132(1), 36-43. doi: 10.10 16/j.physbeh.2014.04.043
Quintero-Villegas, A., & Valdés-Ferrer, S. I. (2020). Role of 5-HT 7 receptors in the immune system in health and disease. Molecular Medicine, 26(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s10020-019-0126-x
Ren, M., Cai, S., Zhou, T., Zhang, S., Li, S., Jin, E.,… Qiao, S. (2019). Isoleucine attenuates infection induced by E. coli challenge through the modulation of intestinal endogenous antimicrobial peptide expression and the inhibition of the increase in plasma endotoxin and IL-6 in weaned pigs. Food & Function, 10(6), 3535-3542. doi: 10.1039/C9FO00218A
Shen, Y. B., Coffey, M. T., & Kim, S. W. (2015). Effects of short-term supplementation of l-tryptophan and reducing large neutral amino acid along with l-tryptophan supplementation on growth and stress response in pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 207(1), 245-252. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2015.06.020
Shen, Y. B., Voilqué, G., Kim, J. D., Odle, J., & Kim, S. W. (2012a). Effects of increasing tryptophan intake on growth and physiological changes in nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 90(7), 2264-2275. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4203
Shen, Y. B., Voilqué, G., Odle, J., & Kim, S. W. (2012b). Dietary L-tryptophan supplementation with reduced large neutral amino acids enhances feed efficiency and decreases stress hormone secretion in nursery pigs under social-mixing stress. The Journal of Nutrition, 142(8), 1540-1546. doi: 10.3945/jn. 112.163824
Singh, P., Fletcher, T. W., Li, Y., Rusch, N. J., & Kilic, F. (2013). Serotonin uptake rates in platelets from angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mice. Health, 5(4A), 31-39. doi: 10.4236/health.2013.54A005
Statistical Analyses System® (2019). University Edition ©SAS Institute Inc. Retrieved from https://www.sas. com/en_us/software/university-edition.html
Vestlund, J., Winsa-Jörnulf, J., Hovey, D., Lundström, S., Lichtenstein, P., Anckarsäter, H.,... Jerlhag, E. (2019). Ghrelin and aggressive behaviours Evidence from preclinical and human genetic studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 104(1), 80-88. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.020
Young, S. N. (2013). The effect of raising and lowering tryptophan levels on human mood and social behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368(1615), 1-9. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0375
Höglund, E., Øverli, Ø., & Winberg, S. (2019). Tryptophan metabolic pathways and brain serotonergic activity: a comparative review. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10(1), 1-11. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00158
Hwang, H. S., Lee, J. K., Eom, T. K., Son, S. H., Hong, J. K., Kim, K. H., & Rhim, S. J. (2016). Behavioral characteristics of weaned piglets mixed in different groups. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 29(7), 1060-1064. doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0734
Jayaraman, B., Htoo, J. K., & Nyachoti, C. M. (2017). Effects of different dietary tryptophan: lysine ratios and sanitary conditions on growth performance, plasma urea nitrogen, serum haptoglobin and ileal histomorphology of weaned pigs. Animal Science Journal, 88(5), 763-771. doi: 10.1111/asj.12695
Jenkins, T. A., Nguyen, J. C., Polglaze, K. E., & Bertrand, P. P. (2016). Influence of tryptophan and serotonin on mood and cognition with a possible role of the gut-brain axis. Nutrients, 8(1), 1-15. doi: 10.3390/nu8010056
Kałużna-Czaplińska, J., Gątarek, P., Chirumbolo, S., Chartrand, M. S., & Bjørklund, G. (2019). How important is tryptophan in human health? Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(1), 72-88. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1357534
Lam, D. D., Garfield, A. S., Marston, O. J., Shaw, J., & Heisler, L. K. (2010). Brain serotonin system in the coordination of food intake and body weight. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 97(1), 84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.09.003
Le Floc’h, N., Otten, W., & Merlot, E. (2011). Tryptophan metabolism, from nutrition to potential therapeutic applications. Amino acids, 41(5), 1195-1205. doi: 10.1007/s00726-010-0752-7
Liang, J., Han, Q., Tan, Y., Ding, H., & Li, J. (2019). Current advances on structure-function relationships of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 6(1), 1-21. doi: 10. 3389/fmolb.2019.00004
Liu, H. W., Shi, B. M., Liu, D. S., & Shan, A. S. (2013). Supplemental dietary tryptophan modifies behavior, concentrations of salivary cortisol, plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine in weaning piglets. Livestock Science, 151(2-3), 213-218. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012. 11.003
Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Yan, H., & Zhang, H. (2019). L-tryptophan enhances intestinal integrity in diquat-challenged piglets associated with improvement of redox status and mitochondrial function. Animals, 9(5), 1-22. doi: 10.3390/ani9050266
Lowery, C. L., Woulfe, D., & Kilic, F. (2019). Responses of plasma catecholamine, serotonin, and the platelet serotonin transporter to cigarette smoking. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13(1), 1-7. doi: 10.3389/ fnins.2019.00032
Martin, C. R., Osadchiy, V., Kalani, A., & Mayer, E. A. (2018). The brain-gut-microbiome axis. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 6(2), 133-148. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.04.003
Martin, P., & Bateson, P. P. G. (1993). Measuring behaviour: an introductory guide (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Martin, C. R., Osadchiy, V., Kalani, A., & Mayer,, D. (2016). Mood, food, and cognition: role of tryptophan and serotonin. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 19(1), 55-61. doi: 10.1097/ MCO.0000000000000237
Mateo, R. D., Wu, G., Moon, H. K., Carroll, J. A., & Kim, S. W. (2008). Effects of dietary arginine supplementation during gestation and lactation on the performance of lactating primiparous sows and nursing piglets. Journal of Animal Science, 86(4), 827-835. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0371
Middelkoop, A., Costermans, N., Kemp, B., & Bolhuis, J. E. (2019). Feed intake of the sow and playful creep feeding of piglet’s influence piglet behaviour and performance before and after weaning. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52530-w
Mou, Q., Yang, H. S., Yin, Y. L., & Huang, P. F. (2019). Amino Acids Influencing Intestinal Development and Health of the Piglets. Animals, 9(6), 302-313.
Mund, M. D., Riaz, M., Mirza, M. A., Rahman, Z. U., Mahmood, T., Ahmad, F., & Ammar, A. (2020). Effect of dietary tryptophan supplementation on growth performance, immune response and anti oxidant status of broiler chickens from 7 to 21 days. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 6(1), 48-53. doi: 10.10 02/vms3.195
National Research Council (2012). Nutrient requirements of swine. New York: National Academies Press.
Pluske, J. R., Turpin, D. L., & Kim, J. C. (2018). Gastrointestinal tract (gut) health in the young pig. Animal Nutrition, 4(2), 187-196. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.12.004
Poletto, R., Kretzer, F. C., & Hötzel, M. J. (2014). Minimizing aggression during mixing of gestating sows with supplementation of a tryptophan-enriched diet. Physiology & Behavior, 132(1), 36-43. doi: 10.10 16/j.physbeh.2014.04.043
Quintero-Villegas, A., & Valdés-Ferrer, S. I. (2020). Role of 5-HT 7 receptors in the immune system in health and disease. Molecular Medicine, 26(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s10020-019-0126-x
Ren, M., Cai, S., Zhou, T., Zhang, S., Li, S., Jin, E.,… Qiao, S. (2019). Isoleucine attenuates infection induced by E. coli challenge through the modulation of intestinal endogenous antimicrobial peptide expression and the inhibition of the increase in plasma endotoxin and IL-6 in weaned pigs. Food & Function, 10(6), 3535-3542. doi: 10.1039/C9FO00218A
Shen, Y. B., Coffey, M. T., & Kim, S. W. (2015). Effects of short-term supplementation of l-tryptophan and reducing large neutral amino acid along with l-tryptophan supplementation on growth and stress response in pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 207(1), 245-252. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2015.06.020
Shen, Y. B., Voilqué, G., Kim, J. D., Odle, J., & Kim, S. W. (2012a). Effects of increasing tryptophan intake on growth and physiological changes in nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 90(7), 2264-2275. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4203
Shen, Y. B., Voilqué, G., Odle, J., & Kim, S. W. (2012b). Dietary L-tryptophan supplementation with reduced large neutral amino acids enhances feed efficiency and decreases stress hormone secretion in nursery pigs under social-mixing stress. The Journal of Nutrition, 142(8), 1540-1546. doi: 10.3945/jn. 112.163824
Singh, P., Fletcher, T. W., Li, Y., Rusch, N. J., & Kilic, F. (2013). Serotonin uptake rates in platelets from angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mice. Health, 5(4A), 31-39. doi: 10.4236/health.2013.54A005
Statistical Analyses System® (2019). University Edition ©SAS Institute Inc. Retrieved from https://www.sas. com/en_us/software/university-edition.html
Vestlund, J., Winsa-Jörnulf, J., Hovey, D., Lundström, S., Lichtenstein, P., Anckarsäter, H.,... Jerlhag, E. (2019). Ghrelin and aggressive behaviours Evidence from preclinical and human genetic studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 104(1), 80-88. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.020
Young, S. N. (2013). The effect of raising and lowering tryptophan levels on human mood and social behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368(1615), 1-9. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0375
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2021-01-19
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Bonagurio, L. P., Castilha, L. D., Pasquetti, T. J., Sangali, C. P., Huepa, L. M. D., & Pozza, P. C. (2021). The effects of tryptophan and pyridoxine supplied orally to nursing piglets on weight loss and social behavior after weaning. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(1), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p335
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