Optimization of obtaining process of acid silage from poultry carcasses by response surface methodology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n6p1921Keywords:
Acetic acid, Phosphoric acid, Poultry waste.Abstract
This study aims to optimize the process of obtaining acid silage from poultry carcasses by response surface methodology. For poultry silage preparation, dead animals from the production process in a broiler commercial farm were used. The carcasses were ground in an electric grinder, homogenized, and placed in 45 polyethylene containers with a capacity of 2 kg each, and distributed in a 33 incomplete factorial design of response surface methodology, with 15 treatments and three repetitions at the central point. The independent variables were acid concentration (X1), days of storage (X2), and daily number of turnings (X3¬). The levels of the independent variables were X1 =3, 5, and 7 (phosphoric and acetic acids in a ratio of 4:6); X2 =10, 20, and 30 days of storage; and X3 =0, 1, and 2 daily turnings. The dependent variables evaluated were pH, crude protein, lipid oxidation, oil extraction, and mesophile counting. The pH of the ensiled mass was influenced mainly by X1 presenting a negative linear effect and positive quadratic effect. The storage time had a positive effect on pH. For crude protein, a negative linear and quadratic effect of X1 were observed, indicating a region of maximum protein values at the midpoint. Regarding lipid oxidation, the model indicated a region of minimum values near the midpoint. The generated model for oil extraction indicated maximum values when the silage was stored for long periods and with high acid concentrations. For mesophilic count, various interactions among variables were observed by the generated model, and the response surface indicated a region with the highest microorganism number in low acid concentrations and after a few storage days. The response surface methodology allowed for the optimization of the variables (acid concentration, storage time, and daily turning number) in the preparation of poultry carcass silages. The best acid concentration that represented the optimal pH was 5% (2% phosphoric acid, 3% acetic acid), requiring storage for at least 20 days with only one daily turning.
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