Identificación de clases de actores a través del análisis de redes variables
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/2176-6665.2022v27n3e45723Palabras clave:
análisis de clase correlacional, análisis de redes sociales, redes de variables, significados compartidos, relacionalidadResumen
El análisis de redes sociales consiste en identificar actores (personas, empresas, países, entre otros), quienes están representados por nodos, y sus respectivas relaciones (amistad, comunicación, intercambios económicos, etc.), representadas por aristas. La red se puede segmentar en función de la presencia o la fuerza de las relaciones, formando grupos de actores similares o cohesionados. Ocurre que, en muchos casos, buscamos la similitud de los actores no a través de las relaciones sociales, sino a través del intercambio de actitudes, creencias u opiniones, lo que conduce al uso de variables convencionales. En este artículo, proponemos el uso del Análisis de Clase Correlacional (CCA) para evaluar el sistema de creencias políticas del votante brasileño, las cuales, a su vez, son capturadas a través de variables actitudinales. En nuestro estudio, el método se utilizó para identificar clases de actores que son similares mediante la evaluación de sus respuestas con respecto a cuatro dimensiones de creencias políticas, que se basaron en el modelo de Converse. Sobre la base de una encuesta de 1.417 encuestados, identificamos tres clases esquemáticas (interés grupal, ideólogos y cuasi-ideólogos), que representan actores que comparten creencias comunes sobre la política de partidos. El método que presentamos aquí contribuye a una nueva forma de evaluar la similitud entre actores considerando creencias u opiniones compartidas, algo limitado a los métodos convencionales de análisis de redes sociales.
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