Globalization and individualization in late modernity: a theoretical introduction to the sociology of youth
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/2176-6665.2014v19n1p265Keywords:
Globalization, Modernization and individualization, New social movements, YouthAbstract
The article provides a programmatic analysis of some of the main theories of modernization, globalization and individualization in late modernity, connecting this analysis to the sociology of youth. The text is divided into four sections: the first provides an overview of debates about modernity and distinguishes various positions within them (classical, anti, post and neo); the second section proposes a multidimensional framework of reference for the analysis of globalization, integrating its economic, political and cultural aspects in a coherent narrative; the third section presents the theories of risk society, reflexive modernization and the reflexive individualization of Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens; the last section intertwines all of the threads of the analysis into a sociological theory of youth, post-materialism and new social movements.References
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ALBROW, Martin. The global age: state and society beyond modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996.
ALEXANDER, Jeffrey C. Modern, anti, post and neo: how social theories have tried to understand the ‘new world’ of ‘our time’’. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Bielefeld, v. 23, n. 3, p. 165-197, 1994.
AMIN, Ash. Post-fordism a reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.
APPADURAI, Arjun. Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy. In: FEATHERSTONE, Mike (Ed.). Global culture: nationalism, globalization and modernity. London: Sage, 1990. p. 295-310.
APPADURAI, Arjun. Globale ethnische räume: bemerkungen zur entwicklung einer transnationalen Anthropologie. In: BECK, Ulrich. Perspektiven der weltgesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1998. p. 11-40.
AXFORD, Barrie. The global system: economics, politics and culture. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995.
BAUDRILLARD, Jean. Le miroir de la production ou l’illusion critique du matérialisme historique. Paris: Galilée, 1985.
BAUDRILLARD, Jean. Pour une critique de l’économie politique du signe. Paris: Gallimard, 1972.
BAUMAN, Zygmunt. Globalization: the human consequences. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998.
BAUMAN, Zygmunt. Postmodernity and its discontents. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997.
BECK, Ulrich. Risikogesellschaft: auf dem weg in eine andere moderne. Franfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1986.
BECK, Ulrich. Gegengifte: die organisierte unerantwortlichkeit. Franfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1988.
BECK, Ulrich. Politik in der risikogesellschaft: essays und analysen. Franfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1991.
BECK, Ulrich. Die erfindung des politischen: zu einer theorie reflexiver modernisierung. Frankfurt am Main. Suhrkamp, 1993.
BECK, Ulrich. Die feindlose demokratie: ausgewählte aufsätze. Leipzig: Reclam, 1995.
BECK, Ulrich. Was ist globalisierung? Irrtümer des globalismus - antworten auf globalisierung. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1997.
BECK, Ulrich. Politik der globalisierung. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1998a.
BECK, Ulrich. Perspektiven der weltgesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1998b.
BECK, Ulrich; BECK-GERNSHEIM, Elisabeth. Das ganz normale chaos der liebe. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1990.
BECK, Ulrich; BECK-GERNSHEIM, Elisabeth. Individualisierung in modernen gesellschaften. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1994.
BECK, Ulrich; GIDDENS, Anthony; LASH, Scott. Reflexive modernisation: politics, tradition and aesthetics in the modern social order. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994.
BELL, Daniel. The coming of post-industrial society: a venture in social forecasting. London: Heinemann, 1974.
BERGER, Peter. The heretical imperative. Garden City: Doubleday, 1979.
BERGER, Peter, BERGER, Brigitte; KELLNER, Hansfried. The homeless mind: modernization and consciousness. New York: Vintage books, 1974.
BERMAN, Marshall. All that is solid melts into air: the experience of modernity. London: Verso, 1982.
BEST, Steven; KELLNER, Douglas. Postmodern theory: critical interrogations. New York: Guildford Press. 1991.
BOURDIEU, Pierre. La distinction: critique sociale du jugement. Paris: Minuit, 1979.
BOURDIEU, Pierre. Contre-feux: propos pour servir à la résistance contre l’invasion néo-libérale. Paris: Liber, 1998. BOYER, Roger; SAILLARD, Yves (Ed). Théorie de la régulation. L’état des savoirs. Paris: La découverte, 2002.
CAILLÉ, Alain. Critique de la raison utilitaire: manifeste du mauss. Paris: La découverte, 1988.
CALHOUN, Craig. New social movements of early nineteenth century. Social Science History, Durham, v. 17, n. 3, p. 385-427, 1993.
CARDOSO, Fernando; FALETTO, Enzo. Dependência e desenvolvimento na América Latina: ensaio de interpretação sociológica. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2004.
CAVALLI, Alessandro; GALLAND, Olivier. Youth in Europe. London: Pinter, 1995.
COCKROFT, James, FRANK, André G; JOHNSON, Dale. Dependence and underdevelopment: latin america's political economy. Garden City: Anchor books, 1972.
COFFIELD, Frank. ‘Always the Trainee, Never the Employee? Increasingly protracted transitions in the UK’. In: CAVALLI, Alessandro; GALLAND, Olivier. Youth in Europe, London: Pinter, 1997. p. 45-62.
COHEN, Jean. ‘Strategy or identity: new theoretical paradigms and contemporary social movements’. Social Research, New York, v. 52, n. 4, p. 663-716, 1985.
COHEN, Jean; ARATO, Andrew. Civil society and political theory. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1992.
COHEN, Phil. Rethinking the Youth Question: education, labour and cultural studies. London: Macmillan, 1997.
CONNOR, Steven. Postmodern culture: an introduction to theories of the contemporary. Oxford: Blackwell, 1989.
CROOK, Stephen, PAKULSKI, Jan; WATERS, Malcolm. Postmodernization: change in advanced societies. London: Sage, 1992.
DEWS, Peter. Logics of disintegration: post-structuralist thought and the claims of critical theory. London: Verso, 1987.
DUBET, François. Sociologie de l’expérience. Paris: Seuil, 1994.
EDER, Klaus. The new politics of class. social: movements and cultural dynamics in advanced societies. London: Sage, 1993.
FALK, Richard. On humane governance: toward a new global politics. Cambridge: Polity Press. 1995.
FEATHERSTONE, Mike. Global culture: nationalism, globalization and modernity. London: Sage, 1990.
FEATHERSTONE, Mike. In pursuit of the postmodern: an introduction. Theory, Culture and Society, London, v. 5, p. 195-215, 1988. Não foi citado.
FEATHERSTONE, Mike; LASH, Scott. Globalization, modernity and the spatialization of social theory. In: FEATHERSTONE, Mike, LASH, Scott; ROBERTSON, Roland (Ed.). Global modernities. London: Sage, 1995. p. 1-24.
FORNÄS, Johan. Youth culture and modernity. In: FORNÄS, Johan; BOLIN, Goran (Ed.). Youth culture in late modernity. London: Sage, 1995. p. 1-11.
FREITAG, Michel. La nature de la technique et le problème normatif posé par son émancipation contemporaine dans le technologisme et le technocratisme. Société, v. 4, p. 5-94, 1989.
FRIEDMAN, Jonathan. Global system, globalization and the parameters of modernity. In: FEATHERSTONE, Mike, LASH, Scott; ROBERTSON, Roland (Ed.). Global modernities. London: Sage, 1995. p. 69-90.
FURLONG, Andy; CARTMEL, Fred. Young people and social change: individualisation and risk in late society. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997.
GALLAND, Olivier. Introduction. What is Youth?’ In: CAVALLI, Alessandro: GALLAND, Olivier (Ed.). Youth in Europe. London: Pinter, 1995. p. 1-6.
GIDDENS, Anthony. Beyond left and right: the future of radical politics. Cambridge: Polity press, 1994.
GIDDENS, Anthony. Modernity and self-identity: self and society in the late modern age. Cambridge: Polity press, 1991.
GIDDENS, Anthony. The consequences of modernity. Cambridge: Polity press, 1990.
GIDDENS, Anthony. The nation-state and violence: volume two of a contemporary critique of historical materialism. Cambridge: Polity press, 1985.
HABERMAS, Jürgen. Der philosophische diskurs der moderne: zwölf vorlesungen. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1985.
HABERMAS, Jürgen. Die postnationale konstellation: politische essays. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1998b.
HABERMAS, Jürgen. Jenseits der nationalstaats? Bemerkungen zu folgeproblemen der wirtschaftlichen globalisierung. In: Beck, Ulrich. Politik der globalisierung. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1998a. p. 67-84.
HABERMAS, Jürgen. Legitimationsprobleme im spätkapitalismus. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1975.
HANNERZ, Ulf. Cosmopolitans and locals in world culture. In: FEATHERSTONE, Mike (Ed.). Global culture: nationalism, globalization and modernity. London: Sage, 1990. p. 237-251.
HARVEY, David. The condition of postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell, 1989.
HELD, David. Democracy and the global order: from the modern state to cosmopolitan governance. Cambridge: Polity press, 1995.
HELD, David. Democracy, the Nation-State and the Global System. In: HELD, David (Ed.). Political theory today. Cambridge: Polity press, 1991. p. 197-235.
HIRST, Paul; THOMPSON, Grahame. Globalisation in question: the international economy and the possibility of governance. Cambridge: Polity press, 1996.
HORKHEIMER, Max; ADORNO, Theodor W. Dialektik der aufklärung. Philosophische fragmente. Frankfurt am Main: Fisher, 1986.
HUNTINGTON, Samuel. Democracy's third wave. Journal of democracy, Baltimore, v. 2, n. 2, p.12-34, 1991.
INGLEHART, Ronald. Changing Values among Western Publics from 1970 to 2006. West European Politics, v. 31, n. 2, p. 130-146, 2008.
INGLEHART, Ronald. Modernization and postmodernization: cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.
INGLEHART, Ronald. The silent revolution: changing values and political styles. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.
JAMESON, Fredric. Postmodernism or, the cultural logic of late capitalism. London: Verso, 1991.
LASH, Scott. Sociology of postmodernism. London: Routledge, 1990.
LASH, Scott; URRY, Jhon. Economies of signs and space. London: Sage, 1994.
LASH, Scott; URRY, Jhon. The end of organized capitalism. Cambridge: Polity press, 1987.
MANNHEIM, Karl. Das Problem der generationen. In: MANNHEIM, Karl. Wissenssoziologie auswahl aus dem werk. Berlin: Luchterhand, 1964. p. 509- 565.
McGREW, Anthony. (Ed.) The transformation of democracy? Globalization and territorial democracy. Cambridge: Polity press, 1997.
McGREW, Anthony. A Global society. In: HALL, Stuart; HELD, David; McGREW, Anthony (Ed.). Modernity and its futures. Cambridge: Polity press, 1992. p. 61- 153.
MELUCCI, Alberto. Challenging codes: collective action in the information age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
MELUCCI, Alberto. Nomads of the present: social movements and individual needs in contemporary society. London: Hutchinson, 1989.
MILLS, Charles Wright. The sociological imagination. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1957.
MOORE, Barrington. The social origins of dictatorship and bureaucracy. Boston: Beacon press, 1966.
OFFE, Claus. Disorganized capitalism: contemporary transformations of work and politics. Cambridge: Polity press, 1985a. OFFE, Claus. New social movements: challenging the boundaries of institutional politics. Social Research, New York, v. 52, n. 4, p. 817-868, 1985 b.
PARSONS, Talcott. Societies: comparative and evolutionary perspectives. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice hall, 1966.
PARSONS, Talcott. The evolution of societies. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice hall, 1977.
PIETERSE, Jan Nederveen. Globalization as hybridization. In: FEATHERSTONE, Mike; LASH, Scott; ROBERTSON, Roland (Ed.). Global modernities. London: Sage, 1995. p. 45-68.
RIFKIN, Jeremy. The end of work: the decline of the global labor force and the dawn of the post-market era. New York: Putnam, 1995.
ROBERTSON, Roland. Globalization: social theory and global culture. London: Sage, 1992.
ROBERTSON, Roland. Glocalisation: time-space and homogeneity-heterogeneity. In: FEATHERSTONE, Mike; LASH, Scott; ROBERTSON, Roland (Ed.). Global modernities. London: Sage, 1995. p. 25-44.
ROSENAU, James. Turbulence in world politics: a theory of change and continuity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.
SCHELSKY. Helmut. Ist die Dauerreflexion institutionalisierbar?, In: SCHELSKY. Helmut. Auf der Suche nach der Wirklichkeit. Düsseldorf. E. Diederichs Verlag, 1965. p. 250-276.
SCHILLER, Herbert. Mass communications and American empire. Boston: Beacon press, 1969.
SCOTT, Alan. Ideology and the new social movements. London: Unwin Hyman, 1990.
SKLAIR, Leslie. Sociology of the global system. London: Prentice hall, 1991.
SMART, Barrry. Modern conditions, postmodern controversies. London: Routledge, 1992.
SZTOMPKA, Piotr, The sociology of social change. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.
THOMPSON, John. The media and modernity: a social theory of the media. Cambridge: Polity press, 1995.
VANDENBERGHE, Frédéric, Post-ism or Positivism? A comparison between theories of reification and theories of post-modernity. In: GEYER, F. (Ed.). Alienation, ethnicity, and postmodernism. Westport: Greenwood press, 1996. p. 149-158.
VANDENBERGHE, Frédéric, Une histoire critique de la sociology allemande. Aliénation et réification. Paris: Editions de la Découverte, 1997-1998. 2 v.
VANDENBERGHE, Frédéric, What´s critical about critical realism? Essays in reconstructive social theory. London: Routledge, 2014.
WACQUANT, Loïc. Punishing the poor: the neoliberal government of social insecurity. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009.
WATERS, Malcolm. Globalization. London: Routledge, 1995.
WEBSTER, Frank. Theories of the information society. London: Routledge, 1995.
WILKINSON, Helen. Kinder der freiheit. Ensteht eine neue ethik individueller und sozialer verantwortung? In: BECK, Ulrich. Kinder der freiheit. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1997. p. 85-123.
ALBROW, Martin. The global age: state and society beyond modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996.
ALEXANDER, Jeffrey C. Modern, anti, post and neo: how social theories have tried to understand the ‘new world’ of ‘our time’’. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Bielefeld, v. 23, n. 3, p. 165-197, 1994.
AMIN, Ash. Post-fordism a reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.
APPADURAI, Arjun. Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy. In: FEATHERSTONE, Mike (Ed.). Global culture: nationalism, globalization and modernity. London: Sage, 1990. p. 295-310.
APPADURAI, Arjun. Globale ethnische räume: bemerkungen zur entwicklung einer transnationalen Anthropologie. In: BECK, Ulrich. Perspektiven der weltgesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1998. p. 11-40.
AXFORD, Barrie. The global system: economics, politics and culture. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995.
BAUDRILLARD, Jean. Le miroir de la production ou l’illusion critique du matérialisme historique. Paris: Galilée, 1985.
BAUDRILLARD, Jean. Pour une critique de l’économie politique du signe. Paris: Gallimard, 1972.
BAUMAN, Zygmunt. Globalization: the human consequences. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998.
BAUMAN, Zygmunt. Postmodernity and its discontents. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997.
BECK, Ulrich. Risikogesellschaft: auf dem weg in eine andere moderne. Franfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1986.
BECK, Ulrich. Gegengifte: die organisierte unerantwortlichkeit. Franfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1988.
BECK, Ulrich. Politik in der risikogesellschaft: essays und analysen. Franfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1991.
BECK, Ulrich. Die erfindung des politischen: zu einer theorie reflexiver modernisierung. Frankfurt am Main. Suhrkamp, 1993.
BECK, Ulrich. Die feindlose demokratie: ausgewählte aufsätze. Leipzig: Reclam, 1995.
BECK, Ulrich. Was ist globalisierung? Irrtümer des globalismus - antworten auf globalisierung. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1997.
BECK, Ulrich. Politik der globalisierung. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1998a.
BECK, Ulrich. Perspektiven der weltgesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1998b.
BECK, Ulrich; BECK-GERNSHEIM, Elisabeth. Das ganz normale chaos der liebe. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1990.
BECK, Ulrich; BECK-GERNSHEIM, Elisabeth. Individualisierung in modernen gesellschaften. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1994.
BECK, Ulrich; GIDDENS, Anthony; LASH, Scott. Reflexive modernisation: politics, tradition and aesthetics in the modern social order. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994.
BELL, Daniel. The coming of post-industrial society: a venture in social forecasting. London: Heinemann, 1974.
BERGER, Peter. The heretical imperative. Garden City: Doubleday, 1979.
BERGER, Peter, BERGER, Brigitte; KELLNER, Hansfried. The homeless mind: modernization and consciousness. New York: Vintage books, 1974.
BERMAN, Marshall. All that is solid melts into air: the experience of modernity. London: Verso, 1982.
BEST, Steven; KELLNER, Douglas. Postmodern theory: critical interrogations. New York: Guildford Press. 1991.
BOURDIEU, Pierre. La distinction: critique sociale du jugement. Paris: Minuit, 1979.
BOURDIEU, Pierre. Contre-feux: propos pour servir à la résistance contre l’invasion néo-libérale. Paris: Liber, 1998. BOYER, Roger; SAILLARD, Yves (Ed). Théorie de la régulation. L’état des savoirs. Paris: La découverte, 2002.
CAILLÉ, Alain. Critique de la raison utilitaire: manifeste du mauss. Paris: La découverte, 1988.
CALHOUN, Craig. New social movements of early nineteenth century. Social Science History, Durham, v. 17, n. 3, p. 385-427, 1993.
CARDOSO, Fernando; FALETTO, Enzo. Dependência e desenvolvimento na América Latina: ensaio de interpretação sociológica. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2004.
CAVALLI, Alessandro; GALLAND, Olivier. Youth in Europe. London: Pinter, 1995.
COCKROFT, James, FRANK, André G; JOHNSON, Dale. Dependence and underdevelopment: latin america's political economy. Garden City: Anchor books, 1972.
COFFIELD, Frank. ‘Always the Trainee, Never the Employee? Increasingly protracted transitions in the UK’. In: CAVALLI, Alessandro; GALLAND, Olivier. Youth in Europe, London: Pinter, 1997. p. 45-62.
COHEN, Jean. ‘Strategy or identity: new theoretical paradigms and contemporary social movements’. Social Research, New York, v. 52, n. 4, p. 663-716, 1985.
COHEN, Jean; ARATO, Andrew. Civil society and political theory. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1992.
COHEN, Phil. Rethinking the Youth Question: education, labour and cultural studies. London: Macmillan, 1997.
CONNOR, Steven. Postmodern culture: an introduction to theories of the contemporary. Oxford: Blackwell, 1989.
CROOK, Stephen, PAKULSKI, Jan; WATERS, Malcolm. Postmodernization: change in advanced societies. London: Sage, 1992.
DEWS, Peter. Logics of disintegration: post-structuralist thought and the claims of critical theory. London: Verso, 1987.
DUBET, François. Sociologie de l’expérience. Paris: Seuil, 1994.
EDER, Klaus. The new politics of class. social: movements and cultural dynamics in advanced societies. London: Sage, 1993.
FALK, Richard. On humane governance: toward a new global politics. Cambridge: Polity Press. 1995.
FEATHERSTONE, Mike. Global culture: nationalism, globalization and modernity. London: Sage, 1990.
FEATHERSTONE, Mike. In pursuit of the postmodern: an introduction. Theory, Culture and Society, London, v. 5, p. 195-215, 1988. Não foi citado.
FEATHERSTONE, Mike; LASH, Scott. Globalization, modernity and the spatialization of social theory. In: FEATHERSTONE, Mike, LASH, Scott; ROBERTSON, Roland (Ed.). Global modernities. London: Sage, 1995. p. 1-24.
FORNÄS, Johan. Youth culture and modernity. In: FORNÄS, Johan; BOLIN, Goran (Ed.). Youth culture in late modernity. London: Sage, 1995. p. 1-11.
FREITAG, Michel. La nature de la technique et le problème normatif posé par son émancipation contemporaine dans le technologisme et le technocratisme. Société, v. 4, p. 5-94, 1989.
FRIEDMAN, Jonathan. Global system, globalization and the parameters of modernity. In: FEATHERSTONE, Mike, LASH, Scott; ROBERTSON, Roland (Ed.). Global modernities. London: Sage, 1995. p. 69-90.
FURLONG, Andy; CARTMEL, Fred. Young people and social change: individualisation and risk in late society. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997.
GALLAND, Olivier. Introduction. What is Youth?’ In: CAVALLI, Alessandro: GALLAND, Olivier (Ed.). Youth in Europe. London: Pinter, 1995. p. 1-6.
GIDDENS, Anthony. Beyond left and right: the future of radical politics. Cambridge: Polity press, 1994.
GIDDENS, Anthony. Modernity and self-identity: self and society in the late modern age. Cambridge: Polity press, 1991.
GIDDENS, Anthony. The consequences of modernity. Cambridge: Polity press, 1990.
GIDDENS, Anthony. The nation-state and violence: volume two of a contemporary critique of historical materialism. Cambridge: Polity press, 1985.
HABERMAS, Jürgen. Der philosophische diskurs der moderne: zwölf vorlesungen. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1985.
HABERMAS, Jürgen. Die postnationale konstellation: politische essays. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1998b.
HABERMAS, Jürgen. Jenseits der nationalstaats? Bemerkungen zu folgeproblemen der wirtschaftlichen globalisierung. In: Beck, Ulrich. Politik der globalisierung. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1998a. p. 67-84.
HABERMAS, Jürgen. Legitimationsprobleme im spätkapitalismus. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1975.
HANNERZ, Ulf. Cosmopolitans and locals in world culture. In: FEATHERSTONE, Mike (Ed.). Global culture: nationalism, globalization and modernity. London: Sage, 1990. p. 237-251.
HARVEY, David. The condition of postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell, 1989.
HELD, David. Democracy and the global order: from the modern state to cosmopolitan governance. Cambridge: Polity press, 1995.
HELD, David. Democracy, the Nation-State and the Global System. In: HELD, David (Ed.). Political theory today. Cambridge: Polity press, 1991. p. 197-235.
HIRST, Paul; THOMPSON, Grahame. Globalisation in question: the international economy and the possibility of governance. Cambridge: Polity press, 1996.
HORKHEIMER, Max; ADORNO, Theodor W. Dialektik der aufklärung. Philosophische fragmente. Frankfurt am Main: Fisher, 1986.
HUNTINGTON, Samuel. Democracy's third wave. Journal of democracy, Baltimore, v. 2, n. 2, p.12-34, 1991.
INGLEHART, Ronald. Changing Values among Western Publics from 1970 to 2006. West European Politics, v. 31, n. 2, p. 130-146, 2008.
INGLEHART, Ronald. Modernization and postmodernization: cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.
INGLEHART, Ronald. The silent revolution: changing values and political styles. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.
JAMESON, Fredric. Postmodernism or, the cultural logic of late capitalism. London: Verso, 1991.
LASH, Scott. Sociology of postmodernism. London: Routledge, 1990.
LASH, Scott; URRY, Jhon. Economies of signs and space. London: Sage, 1994.
LASH, Scott; URRY, Jhon. The end of organized capitalism. Cambridge: Polity press, 1987.
MANNHEIM, Karl. Das Problem der generationen. In: MANNHEIM, Karl. Wissenssoziologie auswahl aus dem werk. Berlin: Luchterhand, 1964. p. 509- 565.
McGREW, Anthony. (Ed.) The transformation of democracy? Globalization and territorial democracy. Cambridge: Polity press, 1997.
McGREW, Anthony. A Global society. In: HALL, Stuart; HELD, David; McGREW, Anthony (Ed.). Modernity and its futures. Cambridge: Polity press, 1992. p. 61- 153.
MELUCCI, Alberto. Challenging codes: collective action in the information age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
MELUCCI, Alberto. Nomads of the present: social movements and individual needs in contemporary society. London: Hutchinson, 1989.
MILLS, Charles Wright. The sociological imagination. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1957.
MOORE, Barrington. The social origins of dictatorship and bureaucracy. Boston: Beacon press, 1966.
OFFE, Claus. Disorganized capitalism: contemporary transformations of work and politics. Cambridge: Polity press, 1985a. OFFE, Claus. New social movements: challenging the boundaries of institutional politics. Social Research, New York, v. 52, n. 4, p. 817-868, 1985 b.
PARSONS, Talcott. Societies: comparative and evolutionary perspectives. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice hall, 1966.
PARSONS, Talcott. The evolution of societies. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice hall, 1977.
PIETERSE, Jan Nederveen. Globalization as hybridization. In: FEATHERSTONE, Mike; LASH, Scott; ROBERTSON, Roland (Ed.). Global modernities. London: Sage, 1995. p. 45-68.
RIFKIN, Jeremy. The end of work: the decline of the global labor force and the dawn of the post-market era. New York: Putnam, 1995.
ROBERTSON, Roland. Globalization: social theory and global culture. London: Sage, 1992.
ROBERTSON, Roland. Glocalisation: time-space and homogeneity-heterogeneity. In: FEATHERSTONE, Mike; LASH, Scott; ROBERTSON, Roland (Ed.). Global modernities. London: Sage, 1995. p. 25-44.
ROSENAU, James. Turbulence in world politics: a theory of change and continuity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.
SCHELSKY. Helmut. Ist die Dauerreflexion institutionalisierbar?, In: SCHELSKY. Helmut. Auf der Suche nach der Wirklichkeit. Düsseldorf. E. Diederichs Verlag, 1965. p. 250-276.
SCHILLER, Herbert. Mass communications and American empire. Boston: Beacon press, 1969.
SCOTT, Alan. Ideology and the new social movements. London: Unwin Hyman, 1990.
SKLAIR, Leslie. Sociology of the global system. London: Prentice hall, 1991.
SMART, Barrry. Modern conditions, postmodern controversies. London: Routledge, 1992.
SZTOMPKA, Piotr, The sociology of social change. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.
THOMPSON, John. The media and modernity: a social theory of the media. Cambridge: Polity press, 1995.
VANDENBERGHE, Frédéric, Post-ism or Positivism? A comparison between theories of reification and theories of post-modernity. In: GEYER, F. (Ed.). Alienation, ethnicity, and postmodernism. Westport: Greenwood press, 1996. p. 149-158.
VANDENBERGHE, Frédéric, Une histoire critique de la sociology allemande. Aliénation et réification. Paris: Editions de la Découverte, 1997-1998. 2 v.
VANDENBERGHE, Frédéric, What´s critical about critical realism? Essays in reconstructive social theory. London: Routledge, 2014.
WACQUANT, Loïc. Punishing the poor: the neoliberal government of social insecurity. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009.
WATERS, Malcolm. Globalization. London: Routledge, 1995.
WEBSTER, Frank. Theories of the information society. London: Routledge, 1995.
WILKINSON, Helen. Kinder der freiheit. Ensteht eine neue ethik individueller und sozialer verantwortung? In: BECK, Ulrich. Kinder der freiheit. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1997. p. 85-123.
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2014-03-27
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VANDENBERGHE, Frédéric. Globalization and individualization in late modernity: a theoretical introduction to the sociology of youth. Mediações - Revista de Ciências Sociais, Londrina, v. 19, n. 1, p. 265–316, 2014. DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2014v19n1p265. Disponível em: https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/mediacoes/article/view/19867. Acesso em: 24 aug. 2024.
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