Ruminal degradability of high moisture triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittmack) silage with chemical and biological additives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p2391Keywords:
Effective degradability, Dry matter, Crude protein, Ruminant, Urea.Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein of high moisture triticale silage ensiled with different chemical and biological additives. Urea, sodium benzoate and an enzyme-bacterial inoculant were used as treatments. Four samples from each treatment were incubated in rumen on four sheep. Effective degradability was estimated for ruminal passage rate of 2%, 5% and 8% hour-1. Bayesian procedures were used to estimate potential degradation parameters in situ. The high moisture triticale silage with urea showed highest value for the soluble fraction (70.46%) and the best effective dry matter degradability, with a passing rate of 2% h-1 (90.63%), of control silage at other rates of passage. In relation to control silage, the addition of sodium benzoate and enzyme-bacterial inoculant decreased the effective degradability of dry matter, regardless of rate passage evaluated. Due to high solubility of urea, the silage added with this additive had the highest soluble fraction of crude protein (76.42%). The addition of enzyme-bacterial inoculant accelerated the ruminal passage rate of dry matter and protein to 0.26 and 0.20% h-1, respectively, providing less potential degradability of both in relation to other silages. As enzyme-bacterial inoculation reduces rumen degradability of crude protein, it tends to increase the availability of amino acids for intestinal absorption. The addition of urea to high moisture triticale silage may be recommended for sheep feeding at a low level of consumption, as it improves the effective dry matter degradability.Downloads
References
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Playne, M. J., & McDonald, P. (1966). The buffering constituents of herbage and silage. Journal of Science Food Agriculture, 17(6), 262-268. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740170609
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Sniffen, C. J., O’Connor, J. D., Van Soest, P. J., Fox, D. G., & Russell, J. B. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets. II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70(11), 3562-3577. doi: 10.2527/1992.70113562x
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polyssacarides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Vanzant, E. S., Cochran, R. C., & Titgemeyer, E. C. (1998). Standardization of in situ techniques for ruminant feedstuff evaluation. Journal of Animal Science, 76, 2717-2729. doi: 10.2527/1998.7610 2717x
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1995). Official methods of analysis (16nd ed.). Washington, D.C.
Calixto, M., Jr., Jobim, C. C., Osmari, M. P., & Tres, T. T. (2017). Nutritional additives in high moisture corn silage. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, 12(1), 105-111. doi: 10.5039/agraria.v12i1a5413
Cherney, J. H., & Cherney, D. J. R. (2003). Assessing silage quality. In D. R. Buxton, R. E. Muck, & J. H. Harison, Silage science and technology (pp. 141-198). Madison.
Diaz, E., Ouellet, D. R., Amyot, A., Berthiaume, R., & Thivierge, M. C. (2013). Effect of inoculated or ammoniated high-moisture ear corn on finishing performance of steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 182(1), 25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.04.007
Drzymała, A., Prabucka, B., & Bielawski, W. (2012). Carboxypeptidase I from triticale grains and the hydrolysis of salt-soluble fractions of storage proteins. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 58, 195-204. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.06.025
Gallardo, I., Bárcena, R., Pinos-Rodríguez, J. M., Cobos, M., Carreón, L., & Ortega, M. E. (2010). Influence of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on in vitro and in sacco degradation of forages for ruminants. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 9(1), e8. doi: 10.4081/ijas.2010.e8
Goering, H. K., & Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage fiber analysis: apparatus reagents, procedures and some applications. Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Handbook.
Heidelberger, P., & Welch, P. (1983). Simulation run length control in the presence of an initial transient. Operations Research, Baltimore, 31(6), 1109-144. doi: 10.1287/opre.31.6.1109
Jobim, C. C., Lombardi, L., Macedo, F. A. F. de, & Branco, A. F. (2008). Silagens de grãos de milho puro e com adição de grãos de soja, de girassol ou ureia. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 43(5), 649-656. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2008000500013
Knicky, M., & Spörndly, R. (2011). The ensiling capability of a mixture of sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and sodium nitrite. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(2), 824-831. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3364
Krieg, J., Seifried, N., Steingass, H., & Rodehutscord, M. (2017a). In situ and in vitro evaluation of crude protein degradation and utilisable crude protein content of barley, rye and triticale grains for ruminants. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 102(2), 1-10. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12767
Krieg, J., Seifried, N., Steingass, H., & Rodehutscord, M. (2017b). In situ and in vitro ruminal starch degradation of grains from different rye, triticale and barley genotypes. Animal, 11(10), 1745-1753. doi: 10.1017/S1751731117000337
Liu, B., Mckinnon, J. J., Thacker, P., & Yu, P. (2012). Molecular structure and metabolic characteristics of the proteins and energy in triticale grains and dried distillers grains with solubles for dairy cattle. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(40), 10064-10074. doi: 10.1021/jf302382b
Marcondes, M. I., Valadares, R. F. D., Silva, L. F. C., Valadares, S. D. C., F., Detmann, E., & Fonseca, M. A. (2009). Degradação ruminal e digestibilidade intestinal da proteína bruta de alimentos para bovinos, Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38(11), 2247-2257. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982009001100026
Mehrez, A. Z., & Orskov, E. R. (1977). A study of the artificial fiber bag technique for determining the digestibility feeds in the rumen. Journal of Agricultural Science, 88(3), 645-650.
Nocek, J. E. (1988). In situ and other methods to estimate ruminal protein and energy digestibility. A review. Journal Dairy Science, 71(8), 2051-2069. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79781-7
Oliveira, M. R., Jobim, C. C., Neumann, M., Bueno, A. V. I., Leão, G. F. M., & Daniel, J. L. D. (2018). Effects of inoculation with homolactic bacteria on the conservation of wheat silage stored in bunker-silos. Italian Journal Animal Science, 17(1), 81-86. doi: 10.1080/1828051X.2017.1345664
Orskov, E. R., & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal Agriculture Science, 92(1), 499-508. doi: 10.1017/S0021859600063048
Playne, M. J., & McDonald, P. (1966). The buffering constituents of herbage and silage. Journal of Science Food Agriculture, 17(6), 262-268. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740170609
R Core Team (2014). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
Razzaghi, A., Larsen, M., Lund, P., & Weisbjerg, M. R. (2016). Effect of conventional and extrusion pelleting on in situ ruminal degradability of starch, protein, and fibre in cattle. Livestock Science, 185, 97-105. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.01.017
Reis, W. L. S., Detmann, E., Batista, E. D., Rufino, L. M. A., Gomes, D. I., Bento, C. B. P., & Valadares, S. C., Fº. (2016). Effects of ruminal and post-ruminal protein supplementation in cattle fed tropical forages on insoluble fiber degradation, activity of fibrolytic enzymes, and the ruminal microbial community profile. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 218, 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.001
Rossi, R. M. (2011). Introdução aos métodos bayesianos na análise de dados zootécnicos com uso do WinBUGS e R. Maringá: EDUEM.
Rossi, R. M., Guedes, T. A., Martins, E. N., & Jobim, C. C. (2010). Bayesian analysis for comparison of nonlinear regression model parameters: an application to ruminal degradability data. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(2), 419-424. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982010000200027
Sniffen, C. J., O’Connor, J. D., Van Soest, P. J., Fox, D. G., & Russell, J. B. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets. II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70(11), 3562-3577. doi: 10.2527/1992.70113562x
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polyssacarides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Vanzant, E. S., Cochran, R. C., & Titgemeyer, E. C. (1998). Standardization of in situ techniques for ruminant feedstuff evaluation. Journal of Animal Science, 76, 2717-2729. doi: 10.2527/1998.7610 2717x
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Published
2020-08-07
How to Cite
Bumbieris Junior, V. H., Rossi, R. M., Horst, E. H., Paranzini, M. D., Guimarães, V. A. de P., Prado-Calixto, O. P., … Massaro Junior, F. L. (2020). Ruminal degradability of high moisture triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittmack) silage with chemical and biological additives. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(5supl1), 2391–2400. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p2391
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