Evaluation of two strategies for reducing the spread of Salmonella in commercial swine herds during the finishing phase and their incremental cost-effectiveness ratios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n2p505Keywords:
Cost-effectiveness, Finishing herds, Prebiotic, Salmonella, Swine, Vaccine.Abstract
To achieve control of Salmonella contamination in pig carcasses, on-farm measures need to be better understood. Complementary strategies require research not only on their effectiveness but also on their financial impact. In this study, we evaluated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of two treatments for reducing Salmonella seroprevalence in commercial swine herds. Pigs treated with a prebiotic or a vaccine were studied and compared with pigs in an untreated control group. Each strategy was applied to three batches of pigs in a commercial integration system; the animals were followed from farrowing to the slaughterhouse, and their serologies upon arrival at finishing farms and before slaughter were evaluated. Additionally, carcass surface contamination was assessed for each strategy. The seroprevalence upon arrival at the finishing farm was lower than 3% in all groups. In the control and vaccine groups, the seroprevalence increased by more than 90 percentage points from the day of arrival at the finishing farm to four days before slaughter. Only the prebiotic treatment yielded a significant effect on preslaughter seroprevalence (a 49 percentage points reduction from that in the control). Carcass contamination was 0% in the prebiotic group, 18.33% in the control group and 29.16% in the vaccine group. Only prebiotics significantly reduced the seroprevalence of Salmonella in the studied herds, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio associated with prebiotic use was 1.92 USD to reduce seroprevalence by 10 percentage points per carcass ton.Downloads
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References
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Melo, R. T., Guimarães, A. R., Mendonça, E. P., Coelho, L. R., Monteiro, G. P., Fonseca, B. B., & Rossi, D. A. (2011). Identificação sorológica e relação filogenética de Salmonella spp. de origem suína. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 31(12), 1039-1044. doi: 10.1590/S0100-736X2011001200001
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Roof, M. B., Kramer, T. T., Kunesh, J. P., & Roth, J. A. (1992). In vivo isolation of Salmonella choleraesuis from porcine neutrophils. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 53(8), 1333-1336
Schwarz, P., Calveira, J., Sella, A., Bessa, M., Barcellos, D. E. S. N., & Cardoso, M. (2009). Salmonella enterica: isolamento e soroprevalência em suínos abatidos no Rio Grande do Sul. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 61(5), 1028-1034. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352009000500003
Schwarz, P., Kich, J. D., Kolb, J., & Cardoso, M. (2011). Use of an avirulent live Salmonella Choleraesuis vaccine to reduce the prevalence of Salmonella carrier pigs at slaughter. The Veterinary Record, 169(21), 553. doi: 10.1136/vr.d5510
Silva, L. E., Gotardi, C. P., Vizzotto, R., Kich, J. D., & Cardoso, M. R. I. (2006). Infecção por Salmonella enterica em suínos criados em um sistema integrado de produção do sul do Brasil. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 58(4), 455-461. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352006000400001
Silva, L. E., Dias, V., Ferronatto, A., Guerra, P., Berno, L., Triches, N.,... Cardoso, M. (2012). Longitudinal dissemination of Salmonella enterica clonal groups through the slaughter process of Salmonella-positive pig batches. Journal of Food Protection, 75(9), 1580-1588. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-515
Sørensen, L. L., Alban, L., Nielsen, B., & Dahl, J. (2004). The correlation between Salmonella serology and isolation of Salmonella in Danish pigs at slaughter. Veterinary Microbiology, 101(2), 131-141. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.02.016
Stärk, K. D. C., Wingstrand, A., Dahl, J., Møgelmose, V., & Lo Fo Wong, D. M. A. (2002). Differences and similarities among experts’ opinions on Salmonella enterica dynamics in swine pre-harvest. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 53, 7-20. doi: 10.1016/S0167-5877(01)00278-1
Alban, L., Baptista, F. M., Møgelmose, V., Sørensen, L. L., Christensen, H., Aabo, S., & Dahl, J. (2012). Salmonella surveillance and control for finisher pigs and pork in Denmark - A case study. Food Research International, 45(2), 656-665. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.02.050
Alban, L., & Stärk, K. D. C. (2005). Where should the effort be put to reduce the Salmonella prevalence in the slaughtered swine carcass effectively? Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 68(1), 63-79. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.01.001
Argüello, H., Álvarez-Ordoñez, A., Carvajal, A., Rubio, P., & Prieto, M. (2013). Role of slaughtering in Salmonella spreading and control in pork production. Journal of Food Protection, 76(5), 899-911. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-404
Argüello, H., Carvajal, A., Álvarez-Ordóñez, A., Jaramillo-Torres, H. A., & Rubio, P. (2014). Effect of logistic slaughter on Salmonella contamination on pig carcasses. Food Research International, 55, 77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.10.041
Baptista, F. M., Dahl, J., & Nielsen, L. R. (2010). Factors influencing Salmonella carcass prevalence in Danish pig abattoirs. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 95(3-4), 231-238. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.04.007
Bessa, M. C., Costa, M. da, & Cardoso, M. (2004). Prevalência de Salmonella sp em suínos abatidos em frígoríficos do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 24(2), 80-84. doi: 10.1590/S0100-736X2004000200006
Calveyra, J. C., Nogueira, M. G., Kich, J. D., Biesus, L. L., Vizzotto, R., Berno, L.,... Cardoso, M. (2012). Effect of organic acids and mannanoligosaccharide on excretion of Salmonella typhimurium in experimentally infected growing pigs. Research in Veterinary Science, 93(1), 46-47. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.08.018
De Busser, E. V., Maes, D., Houf, K., Dewulf, J., Imberechts, H., Bertrand, S., & De Zutter, L. (2011). Detection and characterization of Salmonella in lairage, on pig carcasses and intestines in five slaughterhouses. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 145(1), 279-286. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.009
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (2019). Estatísticas suínos no Brasil. Retrieved December 3, 2019, from https://www.embrapa.br/suinos-e-aves/cias/estatisticas/suinos/brasil
European Food Safety Authority (2006). Opinion of the Scientific Panel on biological hazards (BIOHAZ) related to “Risk assessment and mitigation options of Salmonella in pig production.” EFSA Journal, 341, 1-131. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2006.341
European Food Safety Authority (2010). Panel on biological hazards; scientific opinion on a quantitative microbiological risk assessment of Salmonella in slaughter and breeder pigs. EFSA Journal, 8(4), 1547- 1590. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1547
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2016). Economic analysis of animal diseases. Animal production and health guidelines (18nd ed.). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization.
Hooge, D. M. (2004). Meta-analysis of broiler chicken pen trials evaluating dietary mannan oligosaccharide, 1993-2003. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3(3), 163-174. doi: 10.3923/ijps.2004.163.174
Instrução Normativa nº 60 de 20 de dezembro de 2018. Diário Oficial da União (p. 3). Imprensa Nacional.
International Organization for Standardization (2002). Detection of Salmonella spp. in animal faeces and in environmental samples from the primary production stage (ISO Standard No. 6579). Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/42109.html
Kich, J. D., Schwarz, P., Eduardo S, L., Coldebella, A., Piffer, I. A., Vizzoto, R., & Cardoso, M. (2007). Development and application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies against prevalent Salmonella serovars in swine in southern Brazil. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 19(5), 510-517. doi: 10.1177/104063870701900508
Kich, J. D., Coldebella, A., Morés, N., Nogueira, M. G., Cardoso, M., Fratamico, P. M.,… Luchansky, J. B. (2011). Prevalence, distribution, and molecular characterization of Salmonella recovered from swine finishing herds and a slaughter facility in Santa Catarina, Brazil. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 151(3), 307-313. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.09.024
Mainar-Jaime, R., Casanova-Higes, A., Andrés-Barranco, S., & Vico, J. (2017). Revisiting the role of pig serology in the context of Salmonella control programs in countries with high prevalence of infection preliminary study. International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil.
Melo, R. T., Guimarães, A. R., Mendonça, E. P., Coelho, L. R., Monteiro, G. P., Fonseca, B. B., & Rossi, D. A. (2011). Identificação sorológica e relação filogenética de Salmonella spp. de origem suína. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 31(12), 1039-1044. doi: 10.1590/S0100-736X2011001200001
Moran, C. A. (2004). Functional components of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: applications for yeast glucan and mannan. In K. A. Lyons, T. P. Jacques (Ed.), Nutritional biotechnology in the feed and food industries. Lexington, Kentuky: CAB Direct.
Müller, M., Schwarz, P., Kich, J., & Cardoso, M. (2009). Perfil sorológico e de isolamento de Salmonella sp. em suínos no ínicio de terminação e ao abate. Ciência Animal Brasileira, 10(3), 931-937.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2007). Handbook for appraisal of environmental projects financed from public funds. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Pires, S. M., Vigre, H., Makela, P., & Hald, T. (2010). Using outbreak data for source attribution of human salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis in Europe. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 7(11), 1351-1361. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0564
Roof, M. B., Kramer, T. T., Kunesh, J. P., & Roth, J. A. (1992). In vivo isolation of Salmonella choleraesuis from porcine neutrophils. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 53(8), 1333-1336
Schwarz, P., Calveira, J., Sella, A., Bessa, M., Barcellos, D. E. S. N., & Cardoso, M. (2009). Salmonella enterica: isolamento e soroprevalência em suínos abatidos no Rio Grande do Sul. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 61(5), 1028-1034. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352009000500003
Schwarz, P., Kich, J. D., Kolb, J., & Cardoso, M. (2011). Use of an avirulent live Salmonella Choleraesuis vaccine to reduce the prevalence of Salmonella carrier pigs at slaughter. The Veterinary Record, 169(21), 553. doi: 10.1136/vr.d5510
Silva, L. E., Gotardi, C. P., Vizzotto, R., Kich, J. D., & Cardoso, M. R. I. (2006). Infecção por Salmonella enterica em suínos criados em um sistema integrado de produção do sul do Brasil. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 58(4), 455-461. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352006000400001
Silva, L. E., Dias, V., Ferronatto, A., Guerra, P., Berno, L., Triches, N.,... Cardoso, M. (2012). Longitudinal dissemination of Salmonella enterica clonal groups through the slaughter process of Salmonella-positive pig batches. Journal of Food Protection, 75(9), 1580-1588. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-515
Sørensen, L. L., Alban, L., Nielsen, B., & Dahl, J. (2004). The correlation between Salmonella serology and isolation of Salmonella in Danish pigs at slaughter. Veterinary Microbiology, 101(2), 131-141. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.02.016
Stärk, K. D. C., Wingstrand, A., Dahl, J., Møgelmose, V., & Lo Fo Wong, D. M. A. (2002). Differences and similarities among experts’ opinions on Salmonella enterica dynamics in swine pre-harvest. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 53, 7-20. doi: 10.1016/S0167-5877(01)00278-1
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2020-03-06
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Costa, E. de F., Kich, J. D., Miele, M., Morés, N., Amaral, A., Coldebella, A., … Corbellini, L. G. (2020). Evaluation of two strategies for reducing the spread of Salmonella in commercial swine herds during the finishing phase and their incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(2), 505–516. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n2p505
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