Exploring the role of zinc fertilization methods for agronomic bio-fortification and its impact on phenology, growth and yield characteristics of maize
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5Supl1p2209Keywords:
Basal and foliar application, Bio-fortification, Growth and yield, Maize hybrids and zinc fertilization.Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a key mineral nutrient for plant and human growth and its deficiency can reduce the plant growth and development, however; agronomic bio-fortification can cure plant and human Zn deficiency. By using different Zn fertilization approaches, this study investigated the role and its impact on phenology, growth and yield of maize during two growing seasons 2015 and 2016. The treatments comprised of: no Zn application (ZnC0), basal application of 10 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 (ZnB1), basal application of 15 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 (ZnB2), foliar application of 1% solution of ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 (ZnF3), foliar application of 1.5% solution of ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 (ZnF4) applied to two hybrids of maize (YSM-112 and DK-6525). The maize hybrid DK-6525 showed superiority in term of growth and yield than YSM-112. The ZnF4 brings early emergence, tasseling and silking that resulted in early crop maturity. However, ZnB2 improved crop growth rate, grain yield and Zn concentration in maize grain by 44, 11.39 and 33.24%, respectively than ZnC0 (control). Regression model indicated that each 1 g increment in 1000-grain weight improved the grain yield by 0.01 and 0.16 t ha-1 of YSM-112 and DK-6525, respectively. Conclusively, it is concluded that DK-6525 with ZnB2 is suitable for optimal growth and yield of maize and would also be helpful to optimize the yield and Zn concentration of maize.Downloads
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References
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BROWN, K. H.; WUEHLER, S. E.; PEERSON, J. M. The importance of zinc in human nutrition and estimation of the global prevalence of zinc deficiency. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Guatemala, v. 22, n. 2, p. 113-125, 2001. DOI: 10.1177/156482650102200201
CAKMAK, I. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic bio-fortification. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 302, n. 1, p. 1-17, 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-007-9466-3
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CAKMAK, I.; MARSCHNER, H.; BANGERTH, F. Effect of zinc nutrition status on growth, protein metabolism and level of indole-3 acetic acid and other phytoharmonesin bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, Oxford, v. 40, n. 3, p. 405-415, 1989. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/40.3.405
DELL, B.; WILSON, L. A. Effect of zinc supply on growth of three species of eucalyptus seedlings and wheat. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 88, n. 3, p. 377-384, 1985. DOI: 10.1007/BF02197494
EHSANULLAH, A.; TARIQ, M. A.; RANDHAWA, S. A.; ANJUM, M.; NAEEM, M. Exploring the role of zinc in maize (Zea Mays L.) through soil and foliar application. Journal of Agriculture Research, Washington, v. 3, n. 3, p. 69-75, 2015. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2015.030301
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GAO, X.; ZOU, C.; ZHANG, F.; ZEE, S. E. A. T. M.; HOFFLAND, E. Tolerance to zinc deficiency in rice correlates with zinc uptake and translocation. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 278, n. 1-2, p. 253-261, 2005. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-005-8674-y
GRAHAM, R. D.; WELCH, R. M. Breeding for staple food crop with high micronutrients density. Washington: International food Policy Research Institute, 1996. v. 3.
GRZEBISZ, W.; WROŃSKA, M.; DIATTA, J. B.; DULLIN, P. Effect of zinc foliar application at early stages of maize growth on patterns of nutrients and dry matter accumulation by the canopy. Part I. Zinc uptake patterns and its redistribution among maize organs. Journal of Elementology, Olsztyn, v. 13, n. 1, p. 17-28, 2008.
HAMID, A.; AHMAD, N. Paper at regional workshop on Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS). Bangkok: Development and Rural Poverty Alleviation, sept. 2001.
HUNT, R. Growth analysis of individual plants. In: ARNOLD, E. (Ed.). Plant growth analysis. London, 1978.
IMRAN, M.; REHIM, A.; SARWAR, N.; HUSSAIN, S. Zinc bioavailability in maize grains in response of phosphorous-zinc interaction. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Landau, v. 179, n. 1, p. 60-66, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/jpln.201500441
KHAN, H. R.; MC-DONALD, G. K.; RENGEL, Z. Zinc fertilization and water stress affects plant water relations, stomatal conductance and osmotic adjustment in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 267, n. 1-2, p. 271-284, 2004. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-005-0120-7
KUTMAN, U. B.; YILDIZ, B.; OZTURK, L.; CAKAMK, I. Biofortification of durum wheat with zinc through soil and foliar application of nitrogen. Cereal Chemistry, Sydney, v. 87, n. 1, p. 1-9, 2012. DOI: 10.1094/CCHEM-87-1-0001
LEACH, K. A.; HAMELEERS, A. The effects of a foliar spray containing phosphorus and zinc on the development, composition and yield of forage maize. Grass and Forage Science, Melbourne, v. 56, n. 3, p. 311-315, 2001. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2494.2001.00273.x
MALAVOLTA, E. Manual de nutrição mineral de plantas. Sao Paulo: Agronômica Ceres, 2006. 638 p.
MANZEKE, G. M.; MTAMBANENGWE, F.; NEZOMBA, H.; MAPFUMO, P. Zinc fertilization influence on maize productivity and grain nutritional quality under integrated soil fertility management in Zimbabwe. Field Crops Research, Davis, v. 166, n. 1, p. 128-136, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2014.05.019
MAQSOOD, M. A.; HUSSAIN, S.; NAEEM, M. A.; AHMAD, M.; AZIZ, T.; RAZA, H. A.; KANWAL, S.; HUSSAIN, M. Zinc indexing in wheat grains and associated soils of Southern Punjab. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, Faisalabad, v. 52, n. 2, p. 429-436, 2015.
MARSCHNER, H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 2th ed. New York: Academic Press, Harcourt Brace, 1995. 889 p.
NUBE, M.; VOORTMAN, R. L. Simultaneously addressing micronutrient deficiencies in soils, crops, animal and human nutrition: opportunities for higher yields and better health. Amsterdam: Centre for World Food Studies, VU University, 2006. 254 p.
ORABI, A. A.; MASHADI, H.; ABDALLAH, A.; MORSY, M. Effect of zinc and phosphorus on the grain yield of corn (Zea mays L.) grown on a calcareous soil. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 63, n. 2, p. 291-294, 1981. DOI: 10.1007/BF02374607
PECK, A. W.; MCDONALD, G. K. Adequate zinc nutrition alleviates the adverse effects of heat stress in bread wheat. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 337, n. 1-2, p. 355-374, 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-010-0532-x
POTARZYCKI, J.; GRZEBISZ, W. Effect of zinc foliar application on grain yield of maize and its yielding components. Plant Soil and Environment, Prague, v. 55, n. 12, p. 519-527, 2009.
RAMACHANDRAPPA, B. K.; NANJAPPA, H. V.; SOUMYA, T. M. Sensory parameters, nutrient content, yield and yield attributes of baby corn varieties as influenced by stages of harvest. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, v. 41, n. 1, p. 1-7, 2007.
RASHID, A.; RYAN, J. Micronutrient constraints to crop production in soils with mediterranean type characteristics: a review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, Athens, v. 27, n. 6, p. 959-975, 2004. DOI: 10.1081/PLN-120037530
SALGUEIRO, M. J.; ZUBILLAGA, M.; LYSIONEK, A.; SARABIA, M. I.; CARO, R.; DE PAOLI, T.; HAGER, A.; WEILL, R.; BOCCIO, J. Zinc as an essential micronutrient: a review. Nutrition Research, Davis, v. 20, n. 5, p. 737-755, 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00163-9
SRIVASTAVA, P. C.; GHOSH, D.; SINGH, V. P. Evaluation of different zinc sources for low land rice production. Biology and Fertility of Soils, Florence, v. 30, n. 1-2, p. 168-172, 1999. DOI: 10.1007/s003740050604
STEEL, R. G. D.; TORRIE, J. H.; DICKY, D. Principles and procedures of statistics. In: STEEL, R. G. D.; TORRIE, J. H.; DICKY, D. Multiple comparisons. 3th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1997. p. 178-198.
SUBEDI, K.; MA, B. Assessment of some major yield limiting factors on maize production in a humid temperate environment. Field Crops Research, Davis, v. 110, n.1, p. 21-26, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.06.013
TARIQ, M.; KHAN, M. A.; PERVEEN, S. Response of maize to applied soil zinc. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 1, n. 4, p. 476-477, 2002.
THALOOTH, A. T.; TAWFIK, M. M.; MOHAMED, H. M. A comparative study on the effect of foliar application of zinc, potassium and magnesium on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of mungbean plants grown under water stress conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Cairo, v. 2, n.1, p. 37-46, 2006.
WATSON, L.; DALLWITZ, M. J. The grass genera of the world. Wallingford: CAB Int, 1992. 1038 p.
WELCH, R. M. Importance of seed mineral nutrient reserves in crop growth and development. In: RENGEL, Z. (Ed.). Mineral nutrition of crops: fundamental mechanisms and implications. Binghamton: Food Products Press, 1999. p. 205-226.
WELCH, R. M. The impact of mineral nutrients in food crops on global human health. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 247, n. 1, p. 83-90, 2002. DOI: 10.1023/A:1021140122921
WISSUWA, M.; ISLAMI, A. M.; GRAHAM, R. D. Rice grain zinc concentrations as affected by genotype, native soil-zinc availability, and zinc fertilization. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 306, n. 1-2, p. 37-48, 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-007-9368-4
WITOLD, G.; WRONSKA, M.; DIATTA, J. B.; DULLIN, P. Effect of zinc foliar application at an early stage of maize growth on patterns of nutrients and dry matter accumulation by the canopy. Journal of Elementology, Olsztyn, v. 13, n.1, p. 17-28, 2008.
XI-WEN, Y.; XIAO-HONG, T.; XIN-CHUN, L.; WILLIAM, G. J.; YU-XIAN, C. Foliar zinc fertilization improves the zinc nutritional value of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. African Journal of Biotechnology, Abraka, v. 10, n. 66, p. 14778-14785, 2011. DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.780
XUE, Y. F.; YUE, S. C.; ZHANG, Y. Q.; CUI, Z. L.; CHEN, X. P.; YANG, F. C.; CAKMAK, I.; MCGRATH, S. P.; ZHANG, F. S., ZOU, C. Q. Grain and shoot Zn accumulation in winter wheat as affected bynitrogen management. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 261, n.1-2, p. 153-163, 2012. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-012-1510-2
YOSEFI, K.; GALAVI, M.; RAMRODI, M.; MOUSAVI, S. R. Effect of bio-phosphate and chemical phosphorus fertilizer accompanied with micronutrient foliar application on growth, yield and yield components of maize (Single Cross 704). Australian Journal of Crop Science, Brisbane, v. 5, n. 2, p. 175-180, 2011.
ALI, S.; RIAZ, K. A.; MAIRAJ, G.; ARIF, M.; FIDA, M.; BIBI, S. Assessment of different crop nutrient management practices for yield improvement. Australian Journal of Crop Science, Brisbane, v. 2, n. 3, p. 150-157, 2008.
ALLOWAY, T. P. Cognitive training: improvements in academic attainment. Professional Association for Teachers of Students with Specific Learning Difficulties, Evesham, v. 22, p. 57-61, 2009.
BAGCI, S. A.; EKIZ, H.; YILMAZ, A.; CAKMAK, I. Effects of zinc deficiency and drought on grain yield of field-grown wheat cultivars in Central Anatolia. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, Braunschweig, v. 193, n. 3, p. 198-206, 2007. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2007.00256.x
BEADLE, C. L. Plant growth analysis. In: COOMLOS, J. D. O.; LONG, S. P.; SCURLOCK, J. M. O. (Ed.). Techniques in bio-productivity and photosynthesis. 2th ed. Oxford, NewYork: Pergamon Press, 1987.p. 21-31.
BROADLEY, M.; BROWN, P.; CAKMAK, I.; RENGEL, Z.; ZHAO, F. Function of nutrients: micronutrients, in Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants. 3th ed. London: Ed. P. Marschner, 2012. 191-248 p.
BROWN, K. H.; WUEHLER, S. E.; PEERSON, J. M. The importance of zinc in human nutrition and estimation of the global prevalence of zinc deficiency. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Guatemala, v. 22, n. 2, p. 113-125, 2001. DOI: 10.1177/156482650102200201
CAKMAK, I. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic bio-fortification. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 302, n. 1, p. 1-17, 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-007-9466-3
CAKMAK, I. Plant nutrition research: priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable ways. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 247, n. 1, p. 3-24, 2002. DOI: 10.1023/A:1021194511492
CAKMAK, I.; KALAYCI, M.; KAYA, Y.; TORUN, A. A.; AYDIN, N.; WANG, Y.; ARISOY, Z.; ERDEM, H.; YAZICI, A.; GOKMEN, O. L. O.; HORST, W. J. Biofortification and localization of zinc in wheat grain. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, Washington, v. 58, n. 16, p. 9092-9102, 2010. DOI: 10.1021/jf101197h
CAKMAK, I.; MARSCHNER, H.; BANGERTH, F. Effect of zinc nutrition status on growth, protein metabolism and level of indole-3 acetic acid and other phytoharmonesin bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, Oxford, v. 40, n. 3, p. 405-415, 1989. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/40.3.405
DELL, B.; WILSON, L. A. Effect of zinc supply on growth of three species of eucalyptus seedlings and wheat. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 88, n. 3, p. 377-384, 1985. DOI: 10.1007/BF02197494
EHSANULLAH, A.; TARIQ, M. A.; RANDHAWA, S. A.; ANJUM, M.; NAEEM, M. Exploring the role of zinc in maize (Zea Mays L.) through soil and foliar application. Journal of Agriculture Research, Washington, v. 3, n. 3, p. 69-75, 2015. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2015.030301
FAGERIA, N. K. Influence of micronutrients on dry matter yield and interaction with other nutrients in annual crops. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, v. 37, n. 12, p. 1765-1772, 2002. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-204X2002001200013
GAO, X.; ZOU, C.; ZHANG, F.; ZEE, S. E. A. T. M.; HOFFLAND, E. Tolerance to zinc deficiency in rice correlates with zinc uptake and translocation. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 278, n. 1-2, p. 253-261, 2005. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-005-8674-y
GRAHAM, R. D.; WELCH, R. M. Breeding for staple food crop with high micronutrients density. Washington: International food Policy Research Institute, 1996. v. 3.
GRZEBISZ, W.; WROŃSKA, M.; DIATTA, J. B.; DULLIN, P. Effect of zinc foliar application at early stages of maize growth on patterns of nutrients and dry matter accumulation by the canopy. Part I. Zinc uptake patterns and its redistribution among maize organs. Journal of Elementology, Olsztyn, v. 13, n. 1, p. 17-28, 2008.
HAMID, A.; AHMAD, N. Paper at regional workshop on Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS). Bangkok: Development and Rural Poverty Alleviation, sept. 2001.
HUNT, R. Growth analysis of individual plants. In: ARNOLD, E. (Ed.). Plant growth analysis. London, 1978.
IMRAN, M.; REHIM, A.; SARWAR, N.; HUSSAIN, S. Zinc bioavailability in maize grains in response of phosphorous-zinc interaction. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Landau, v. 179, n. 1, p. 60-66, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/jpln.201500441
KHAN, H. R.; MC-DONALD, G. K.; RENGEL, Z. Zinc fertilization and water stress affects plant water relations, stomatal conductance and osmotic adjustment in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 267, n. 1-2, p. 271-284, 2004. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-005-0120-7
KUTMAN, U. B.; YILDIZ, B.; OZTURK, L.; CAKAMK, I. Biofortification of durum wheat with zinc through soil and foliar application of nitrogen. Cereal Chemistry, Sydney, v. 87, n. 1, p. 1-9, 2012. DOI: 10.1094/CCHEM-87-1-0001
LEACH, K. A.; HAMELEERS, A. The effects of a foliar spray containing phosphorus and zinc on the development, composition and yield of forage maize. Grass and Forage Science, Melbourne, v. 56, n. 3, p. 311-315, 2001. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2494.2001.00273.x
MALAVOLTA, E. Manual de nutrição mineral de plantas. Sao Paulo: Agronômica Ceres, 2006. 638 p.
MANZEKE, G. M.; MTAMBANENGWE, F.; NEZOMBA, H.; MAPFUMO, P. Zinc fertilization influence on maize productivity and grain nutritional quality under integrated soil fertility management in Zimbabwe. Field Crops Research, Davis, v. 166, n. 1, p. 128-136, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2014.05.019
MAQSOOD, M. A.; HUSSAIN, S.; NAEEM, M. A.; AHMAD, M.; AZIZ, T.; RAZA, H. A.; KANWAL, S.; HUSSAIN, M. Zinc indexing in wheat grains and associated soils of Southern Punjab. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, Faisalabad, v. 52, n. 2, p. 429-436, 2015.
MARSCHNER, H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 2th ed. New York: Academic Press, Harcourt Brace, 1995. 889 p.
NUBE, M.; VOORTMAN, R. L. Simultaneously addressing micronutrient deficiencies in soils, crops, animal and human nutrition: opportunities for higher yields and better health. Amsterdam: Centre for World Food Studies, VU University, 2006. 254 p.
ORABI, A. A.; MASHADI, H.; ABDALLAH, A.; MORSY, M. Effect of zinc and phosphorus on the grain yield of corn (Zea mays L.) grown on a calcareous soil. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 63, n. 2, p. 291-294, 1981. DOI: 10.1007/BF02374607
PECK, A. W.; MCDONALD, G. K. Adequate zinc nutrition alleviates the adverse effects of heat stress in bread wheat. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 337, n. 1-2, p. 355-374, 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-010-0532-x
POTARZYCKI, J.; GRZEBISZ, W. Effect of zinc foliar application on grain yield of maize and its yielding components. Plant Soil and Environment, Prague, v. 55, n. 12, p. 519-527, 2009.
RAMACHANDRAPPA, B. K.; NANJAPPA, H. V.; SOUMYA, T. M. Sensory parameters, nutrient content, yield and yield attributes of baby corn varieties as influenced by stages of harvest. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, v. 41, n. 1, p. 1-7, 2007.
RASHID, A.; RYAN, J. Micronutrient constraints to crop production in soils with mediterranean type characteristics: a review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, Athens, v. 27, n. 6, p. 959-975, 2004. DOI: 10.1081/PLN-120037530
SALGUEIRO, M. J.; ZUBILLAGA, M.; LYSIONEK, A.; SARABIA, M. I.; CARO, R.; DE PAOLI, T.; HAGER, A.; WEILL, R.; BOCCIO, J. Zinc as an essential micronutrient: a review. Nutrition Research, Davis, v. 20, n. 5, p. 737-755, 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00163-9
SRIVASTAVA, P. C.; GHOSH, D.; SINGH, V. P. Evaluation of different zinc sources for low land rice production. Biology and Fertility of Soils, Florence, v. 30, n. 1-2, p. 168-172, 1999. DOI: 10.1007/s003740050604
STEEL, R. G. D.; TORRIE, J. H.; DICKY, D. Principles and procedures of statistics. In: STEEL, R. G. D.; TORRIE, J. H.; DICKY, D. Multiple comparisons. 3th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1997. p. 178-198.
SUBEDI, K.; MA, B. Assessment of some major yield limiting factors on maize production in a humid temperate environment. Field Crops Research, Davis, v. 110, n.1, p. 21-26, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.06.013
TARIQ, M.; KHAN, M. A.; PERVEEN, S. Response of maize to applied soil zinc. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 1, n. 4, p. 476-477, 2002.
THALOOTH, A. T.; TAWFIK, M. M.; MOHAMED, H. M. A comparative study on the effect of foliar application of zinc, potassium and magnesium on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of mungbean plants grown under water stress conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Cairo, v. 2, n.1, p. 37-46, 2006.
WATSON, L.; DALLWITZ, M. J. The grass genera of the world. Wallingford: CAB Int, 1992. 1038 p.
WELCH, R. M. Importance of seed mineral nutrient reserves in crop growth and development. In: RENGEL, Z. (Ed.). Mineral nutrition of crops: fundamental mechanisms and implications. Binghamton: Food Products Press, 1999. p. 205-226.
WELCH, R. M. The impact of mineral nutrients in food crops on global human health. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 247, n. 1, p. 83-90, 2002. DOI: 10.1023/A:1021140122921
WISSUWA, M.; ISLAMI, A. M.; GRAHAM, R. D. Rice grain zinc concentrations as affected by genotype, native soil-zinc availability, and zinc fertilization. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 306, n. 1-2, p. 37-48, 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-007-9368-4
WITOLD, G.; WRONSKA, M.; DIATTA, J. B.; DULLIN, P. Effect of zinc foliar application at an early stage of maize growth on patterns of nutrients and dry matter accumulation by the canopy. Journal of Elementology, Olsztyn, v. 13, n.1, p. 17-28, 2008.
XI-WEN, Y.; XIAO-HONG, T.; XIN-CHUN, L.; WILLIAM, G. J.; YU-XIAN, C. Foliar zinc fertilization improves the zinc nutritional value of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. African Journal of Biotechnology, Abraka, v. 10, n. 66, p. 14778-14785, 2011. DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.780
XUE, Y. F.; YUE, S. C.; ZHANG, Y. Q.; CUI, Z. L.; CHEN, X. P.; YANG, F. C.; CAKMAK, I.; MCGRATH, S. P.; ZHANG, F. S., ZOU, C. Q. Grain and shoot Zn accumulation in winter wheat as affected bynitrogen management. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 261, n.1-2, p. 153-163, 2012. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-012-1510-2
YOSEFI, K.; GALAVI, M.; RAMRODI, M.; MOUSAVI, S. R. Effect of bio-phosphate and chemical phosphorus fertilizer accompanied with micronutrient foliar application on growth, yield and yield components of maize (Single Cross 704). Australian Journal of Crop Science, Brisbane, v. 5, n. 2, p. 175-180, 2011.
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2019-08-07
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Khalid, M. F., Ali, A., Waheed, H., Safdar, M. E., Javaid, M. M., Hayyat, M. S., … Ali, H. H. (2019). Exploring the role of zinc fertilization methods for agronomic bio-fortification and its impact on phenology, growth and yield characteristics of maize. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40(5Supl1), 2209–2222. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5Supl1p2209
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