Performance and body composition of young Nellore bulls slaughtered at different body weights
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5Supl1p2453Keywords:
Carcass, Commercial cuts, Meat.Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of slaughter body weight on the quantitative characteristics of carcasses and the yield of commercial cuts of young Nellore bulls. Twenty-four non-castrated, 11-month-old, feedlot-fed Nellore bulls were distributed in a completely randomized design, in three treatments: 350 kg, 400 kg or 450 kg of body weight at slaughter (SBW). Slaughter was performed in a commercial slaughterhouse. The data were analyzed by an ANOVA followed by a Tukey test (p ? 0.05). SBW had no relationship with dry matter intake (6.05 kg/day or 75.74 g/kg BW0.75), feed efficiency (22.16) or feed conversion (4.67). Average daily gain was different depending on the SBW. Animal slaughtered at 350 kg had gained 1.17 kg/day, whereas animals slaughtered at 400 and 450 kg had gained 1.49 and 1.47 kg/day, respectively. Cold carcass weight increased with SBW (189.50, 209.33, and 242.39, respectively). Other carcass characteristics, like pH at 48 h (5.75), cold dressing carcass (52.61%), chilling losses (1.79%), fat thickness (5.54 mm), marbling (3.34 points), intramuscular fat (6.68%), longissimus muscle area (63.10 cm2) and sarcomere length (1.60 ?m), were not affected by SBW, but SBW increased cold carcass weight. The treatments had effects on the primary and commercial cut weights. However, the cut yields for the forequarter (39.84%), hindquarter (47.82%) and side-cut (12.34%), and the secondary cuts: chuck (14.38%), hump steak (1.94%), shoulder clod (16.97%), brisket point end (5.56%), neck steak (1.00%), striploin (7.77%), outside flat (5.30%), topside (9.36%), tenderloin (2.16%), flank steak (3.41%), eyeround (2.67%), rump tail (1.20%), rump eye (3.89%), shank (4.44%), knuckle (5.25%) and rump cap (1.40%), were not affected by SBW. SBW did not influence (p > 0.05) the commercial cut compositions for all cuts in the forequarter and hindquarter. Finishing young bulls in a feedlot is a strategy to produce beef with reduced feed costs. After all, the slaughter body weight (350, 400 or 450 kg) influenced the quantitative characteristics of the carcass; however, it did not affect the yield of commercial cuts from young Nellore bulls.Metrics
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References
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CHAN, S.-H.; MOSS, B. W.; FARMER, L. J.; GORDON, A.; CUSKELLY, G. J. Comparison of consumer perception and acceptability for steaks cooked to different endpoints: validation of photographic approach. Food Chemistry, Amsterdam, v. 136, n. 3-4, p. 1597-1602, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.069
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KANG, J.; JUN, J.; ARENDT, S. W. Understanding customers’ healthy food choices at casual dining restaurants: using the value–attitude–behavior model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Amsterdam, v. 48, n. 1, p. 12-21, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.04.005
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MAHER, S.; MULLEN, A.; KEANE, M.; BUCKLEY, D.; KERRY, J.; MOLONEY, A. Variation in the eating quality of M. longissimus dorsi from Holstein–Friesian bulls and steers of New Zealand and European/American descent, and Belgian Blue x Holstein–Friesians, slaughtered at two weights. Livestock Production Science, Amsterdam, v. 90, n. 2-3, p. 271-277, 2004. DOI: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.06.004
NASCIMENTO, C.; BRANCO, R.; BONILHA, S.; CYRILLO, J.; NEGRÃO, J.; MERCADANTE, M. Residual feed intake and blood variables in young Nellore cattle. Journal of Animal Science, Champaign, v. 93, n. 3, p. 1318-1326, 2015. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8368
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. Washington: National Academies Press, 2000.
PAZDIORA, R. D.; RESENDE, F. D. D.; FARIA, M. H. D.; SIQUEIRA, G. R.; ALMEIDA, G. B. D. S.; SAMPAIO, R. L.; PACHECO, P. S.; PRIETTO, M. S. R. Animal performance and carcass characteristics of Nellore young bulls fed coated or uncoated urea slaughtered at different. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 42, n. 4, p. 273-283, 2013. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982013000400007
ROTTA, P. P.; PRADO, R. D.; PRADO, I. D.; VALERO, M. V.; VISENTAINER, J. V.; SILVA, R. R. The effects of genetic groups, nutrition, finishing systems and gender of Brazilian cattle on carcass characteristics and beef composition and appearance: a review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, Seoul, v. 22, n. 12, p. 1718-1734, 2009. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2009.90071
RUBIANO, G. A. G.; ARRIGONI, M. D. B.; MARTINS, C. L.; RODRIGUES, É.; GONÇALVES, H. C.; ANGERAMI, C. N. Performance, carcass traits and meat quality of young Canchim, Nellore and crossbread bulls. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 38, n. 12, p. 2490-2498, 2009. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982009001200027
SANTOS, A. P. D.; BRONDANI, I. L.; RESTLE, J. B.; MENEZES, L. F. G. D.; OLIVEIRA, L. D.; SILVEIRA, S. R. L. D. Carcass quantitative characteristics of steers and young steers with similar slaughter weights. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 34, n. 5, p. 1666-1677, 2008. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982005000500029
SILVA, S. R.; BATISTA, A. C. S.; JORGE, A. M.; GUEDES, C. M.; ALMEIDA, J. H.; SANTOS, V. C.; TEIXEIRA, A. J. C. Using high resolution images to predict intramuscular fat in lean beef meat. In: ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON BODY AND CARCASS EVALUATION, MEAT QUALITY, SOFTWARE AND TRACEABILITY, 3., 2014, Taastrup, Denmark. Proceeding… Taastrup: Farm Animal Imaging FAIM III, 2014. p. 139.
SNIFFEN, C. J.; O'CONNOR, J. D.; VAN SOEST, P. J.; FOX, D. G.; RUSSELL, J. B. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Sience, Champaign, v. 70, n. 11, p. 3562-3577, 1992. DOI: 10.2527/1992.70113562x
VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; COSTA E SILVA, L. F.; LOPES, S. A.; PRADOS, L. F.; CHIZZOTTI, M. L.; MACHADO, P. A. S.; BISSARO, L. Z.; FURTADO, T. Br-Corte 3.0: Cálculo de exigências nutricionais, formulação de dietas e predição de desempenho de zebuínos puros e cruzados. Viçosa, 2016. Disponível em: www.brcorte.com.br. Acesso em: 08 set. 2019.
VAZ, F. N.; RESTLE, J. Qualitative aspects of the carcass and meat of Hereford males, entire or castrated, slaughtered at fourteen months of age. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 29, n. 6, p. 1894-1901, 2000. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982000000600040
ZORZI, K.; BONILHA, S. F. M.; QUEIROZ, A.; BRANCO, R.; SOBRINHO, T. L.; DUARTE, M. Meat quality of young Nellore bulls with low and high residual feed intake. Meat Science, Amsterdam, v. 93, n. 3, p. 593-599, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.11.030
ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS - AOAC. Official methods of analysis. 15th Gaithersburg: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1990.
BANOVIĆ, M.; CHRYSOCHOU, P.; GRUNERT, K. G.; ROSA, P. J.; GAMITO, P. The effect of fat content on visual attention and choice of red meat and differences across gender. Food Quality and Preference, Amsterdam, v. 52, n. 1, p. 42-51, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.03.017
BIALKOVA, S.; GRUNERT, K. G.; JUHL, H. J.; WASOWICZ-KIRYLO, G.; STYSKO-KUNKOWSKA, M.; VAN TRIJP, H. C. Attention mediates the effect of nutrition label information on consumers’ choice. Evidence from a choice experiment involving eye-tracking. Appetite, Amsterdam, v. 76, n. 1, p. 66-75, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.11.021
BULL, H. Estimating the nutrient value of corn silage. In: SEMI-ANNUAL MEETING OF AMERICAN FEED MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, 41., 1981, Lexington, KY. Proceeding… Lexington: AFMA, p. 15-19.
BUREŠ, D.; BARTOŇ, L. Growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of bulls and heifers slaughtered at different ages. Czech Journal Animal Science, Praga, v. 57, n. 1, p. 34-43, 2012.
CHAN, S.-H.; MOSS, B. W.; FARMER, L. J.; GORDON, A.; CUSKELLY, G. J. Comparison of consumer perception and acceptability for steaks cooked to different endpoints: validation of photographic approach. Food Chemistry, Amsterdam, v. 136, n. 3-4, p. 1597-1602, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.069
CHRISTENSEN, M.; ERTBJERG, P.; FAILLA, S.; SAÑUDO, C.; RICHARDSON, R. I.; NUTE, G. R.; OLLETA, J. L.; PANEA, B.; ALBERTÍ, P.; JUÁREZ, M. Relationship between collagen characteristics, lipid content and raw and cooked texture of meat from young bulls of fifteen European breeds. Meat Science, Amsterdam, v. 87, n. 1, p. 61-65, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.09.003
EIRAS, C. E.; ARAÚJO MARQUES, J. de; PRADO, R. M. do; VALERO, M. V.; BONAFÉ, E. G.; ZAWADZKI, F.; PEROTTO, D.; PRADO, I. N. do. Glycerine levels in the diets of crossbred bulls finished in feedlot: carcass characteristics and meat quality. Meat Science, Amsterdam, v. 96, n. 2, p. 930-936, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.10.002
FREITAS, A. K. D.; RESTLE, J.; PACHECO, P. S.; PADUA, J. T.; LAGE, M. E.; MIYAGI, E. S.; SILVA, G. F. R. D. Carcass characteristics of Nellore cattle kept intact or castrated at two ages, feedlot finished. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 37, n. 6, p. 1055-1062, 2008. DOI: 1 0.1590/S1516-35982008000600016
GOMES, R.; SAINZ, R.; SILVA, S.; CÉSAR, M.; BONIN, M.; LEME, P. Feedlot performance, feed efficiency reranking, carcass traits, body composition, energy requirements, meat quality and calpain system activity in Nellore steers with low and high residual feed intake. Livestock Science, Amsterdam, v. 150, n. 1-3, p. 265-273, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.09.012
KANG, J.; JUN, J.; ARENDT, S. W. Understanding customers’ healthy food choices at casual dining restaurants: using the value–attitude–behavior model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Amsterdam, v. 48, n. 1, p. 12-21, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.04.005
LAWRIE, R. A. Ciência da carne. 6. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed Editora, 2005. 384 p.
LINN, J.; KUEHN, C. The effects of forage quality on performance and cost of feeding lactating dairy cows. In: WESTERN CANADIAN DAIRY SEMINAR, 1997. Edimonton, Alberta, CA. Proceedings... Edmonton: University of Alberta. p. 236.
LOPES, L. S.; LADEIRA, M. M.; MACHADO NETO, O. R.; PAULINO, P. V. R.; CHIZZOTTI, M. L.; RAMOS, E. M.; OLIVEIRA, D. M. Characteristics of carcass and commercial meat cuts from Red Norte and Nellore young bulls finished in feedlot. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 41, n. 4, p. 970-977, 2012. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000400020
LUCHIARI FILHO, A. Produção de carne bovina no Brasil qualidade, quantidade ou ambas. In: SIMPÓSIO SOBRE DESAFIOS E NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS NA BOVINOCULTURA DE CORTE - SIMBOI 2006, 2., 2006. Brasilia, BR. Proceedings… Brasilia: UPIS 10 p.
LUDWICZAK, A.; ŚLÓSARZ, P.; LISIAK, D.; PRZYBYLAK, A.; BONIECKI, P.; STANISZ, M.; KOSZELA, K.; ZABOROWICZ, M.; PRZYBYŁ, K.; WOJCIESZAK, D. Different methods of image segmentation in the process of meat marbling evaluation. In: SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING - ICDIP, 7., 2015, Los Angels, United States Proceeding… Los Angels: International Society for Optics and Photonics. p. 96310Y.
MAHER, S.; MULLEN, A.; KEANE, M.; BUCKLEY, D.; KERRY, J.; MOLONEY, A. Variation in the eating quality of M. longissimus dorsi from Holstein–Friesian bulls and steers of New Zealand and European/American descent, and Belgian Blue x Holstein–Friesians, slaughtered at two weights. Livestock Production Science, Amsterdam, v. 90, n. 2-3, p. 271-277, 2004. DOI: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.06.004
NASCIMENTO, C.; BRANCO, R.; BONILHA, S.; CYRILLO, J.; NEGRÃO, J.; MERCADANTE, M. Residual feed intake and blood variables in young Nellore cattle. Journal of Animal Science, Champaign, v. 93, n. 3, p. 1318-1326, 2015. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8368
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. Washington: National Academies Press, 2000.
PAZDIORA, R. D.; RESENDE, F. D. D.; FARIA, M. H. D.; SIQUEIRA, G. R.; ALMEIDA, G. B. D. S.; SAMPAIO, R. L.; PACHECO, P. S.; PRIETTO, M. S. R. Animal performance and carcass characteristics of Nellore young bulls fed coated or uncoated urea slaughtered at different. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 42, n. 4, p. 273-283, 2013. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982013000400007
ROTTA, P. P.; PRADO, R. D.; PRADO, I. D.; VALERO, M. V.; VISENTAINER, J. V.; SILVA, R. R. The effects of genetic groups, nutrition, finishing systems and gender of Brazilian cattle on carcass characteristics and beef composition and appearance: a review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, Seoul, v. 22, n. 12, p. 1718-1734, 2009. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2009.90071
RUBIANO, G. A. G.; ARRIGONI, M. D. B.; MARTINS, C. L.; RODRIGUES, É.; GONÇALVES, H. C.; ANGERAMI, C. N. Performance, carcass traits and meat quality of young Canchim, Nellore and crossbread bulls. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 38, n. 12, p. 2490-2498, 2009. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982009001200027
SANTOS, A. P. D.; BRONDANI, I. L.; RESTLE, J. B.; MENEZES, L. F. G. D.; OLIVEIRA, L. D.; SILVEIRA, S. R. L. D. Carcass quantitative characteristics of steers and young steers with similar slaughter weights. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 34, n. 5, p. 1666-1677, 2008. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982005000500029
SILVA, S. R.; BATISTA, A. C. S.; JORGE, A. M.; GUEDES, C. M.; ALMEIDA, J. H.; SANTOS, V. C.; TEIXEIRA, A. J. C. Using high resolution images to predict intramuscular fat in lean beef meat. In: ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON BODY AND CARCASS EVALUATION, MEAT QUALITY, SOFTWARE AND TRACEABILITY, 3., 2014, Taastrup, Denmark. Proceeding… Taastrup: Farm Animal Imaging FAIM III, 2014. p. 139.
SNIFFEN, C. J.; O'CONNOR, J. D.; VAN SOEST, P. J.; FOX, D. G.; RUSSELL, J. B. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Sience, Champaign, v. 70, n. 11, p. 3562-3577, 1992. DOI: 10.2527/1992.70113562x
VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; COSTA E SILVA, L. F.; LOPES, S. A.; PRADOS, L. F.; CHIZZOTTI, M. L.; MACHADO, P. A. S.; BISSARO, L. Z.; FURTADO, T. Br-Corte 3.0: Cálculo de exigências nutricionais, formulação de dietas e predição de desempenho de zebuínos puros e cruzados. Viçosa, 2016. Disponível em: www.brcorte.com.br. Acesso em: 08 set. 2019.
VAZ, F. N.; RESTLE, J. Qualitative aspects of the carcass and meat of Hereford males, entire or castrated, slaughtered at fourteen months of age. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 29, n. 6, p. 1894-1901, 2000. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982000000600040
ZORZI, K.; BONILHA, S. F. M.; QUEIROZ, A.; BRANCO, R.; SOBRINHO, T. L.; DUARTE, M. Meat quality of young Nellore bulls with low and high residual feed intake. Meat Science, Amsterdam, v. 93, n. 3, p. 593-599, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.11.030
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2019-08-07
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Passetti, L. C. G., Macedo, F. de A. F. de, Teixeira, A. J. C., Santos, A. D. F., Backes, A. A., Barbosa, L. T., Lima, A. V. O., & Passetti, R. A. C. (2019). Performance and body composition of young Nellore bulls slaughtered at different body weights. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40(5Supl1), 2453–2468. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5Supl1p2453
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