Dehydration curve, gas exchange, and nutritional value of Bermuda grass hay under different conditions of storage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p1965Keywords:
Cynodon, Digestibility, Forage conservation, Photosynthesis.Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the dehydration curve and, gas exchange of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) as well as the nutritional value of hay under different conditions of storage. The dehydration curve was evaluated at 7 time point (0, 13, 18, 22, 37, 42, and 44 hours after cutting) until baling, using five replicates. The time 0 (zero) corresponded to the time before cutting, performed at 19:00 hours. The design was completely randomized with measures repeated over time. Gas exchanges was evaluated 0, 14, and 18 hours after cutting, using 10 replicates. The nutritional value of cowpea hay was evaluated in two open and closed environments (SO and CS), three storage times (30, 60, and 90 days), and five replications. Dehydration of hay was carried out for 44 hours, rapid rates of dehydration was observed in the leaves. Gas exchange was more intense before cutting and up to 14 hours after cutting. Crude protein (CP) content was higher at the time of cutting and decrease after storage. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content showed no variation between the sampling time and storage systems evaluated. Bermuda grass hay presents rapid dehydration and undergoes changes in the bromatological composition with storage time. Internal temperature of the hay bale did not exceed the ambient temperature.Downloads
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References
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COBLENTZ, W. K.; TURNER, J. E.; SCARBROUGH, D. A.; LESMEISTER, K. E.; JOHNSON, Z. B.; KELLOGG, D. W.; COFFEIY, K. P.; MCBETH, L. J.; WEYERS, J. S. Storage characteristics and nutritive value changes in bermudagrass hay as affected by moisture content and density of rectangular bales. Crop Science, Madinson, v. 40, n. 5, p. 1375-1383, 2000. DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2000.4051375x
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HOLDEN, L. A. Comparison of methods of in vitro dry matter digestibility for ten feeds. Journal of Dairy Science, Madison, v. 82, n. 8, p. 1791-1794, 1999. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75409-3
JOHNSON, R. R.; BALWANI, T. L.; JOHNSON, L. J.; MCCLURE, K. E.; DEHORITY, B. A. Corn plant maturity. II. Effect on in vitro cellulose digestibility and soluble carbohydrate content. Journal of Animal Science, Champaign, v. 25, n. 3, p. 617-623, 1966. DOI:10.252/jas1966.253617x.
LAVEZZO, W.; ANDRADE, J. B. Conservação de forragens: feno e silagem. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE FORRAGENS E PASTAGENS, 1994, Campinas. Anais... Campinas: Colégio Brasileiro de Nutrição Animal, 1994. p. 105-166.
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MOSER, L. E. Quality of forages as affected by post-harvest storage and processing. In: HOVELAND, C. S. Crop quality storage, and utilization. Madison: American Society of Agronomy, 1980. p. 227-260.
NERES, M. A.; CASTAGNARA, D. D.; MESQUITA, E. E.; JOBIM, C. C.; TRÊS, T. T.; OLIVEIRA, P. S. R.; OLIVEIRA, A. A. M. A. Production of tifton 85 hay over seeded with white oats or ryegrass. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 40, n. 8, p. 1638-1644, 2011. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000800003.
NERES, M. A.; CASTAGNARA, D. D.; MUFFATO, L. M.; FERNANDES, T.; HUNOFF, C. A.; WOBETO, J. R.; NATH, C. D. Changes in Tifton 85 bermudagrass hay storage in the field or under shed. Archivos de Zootecnia, Córdoba, v. 63, n. 243, p. 555-558, 2014. DOI: 10.4321/S0004-05922014000300017.
NERES, M. A.; NATH, C. D.; SUNAHARA, S. M. M. Cenário da produção e comercialização de feno e pré-secado no Brasil. In: SIMPÓSIO SOBRE PRODUÇÃO E UTILIZAÇÃO DE FORRAGENS CONSERVADAS, 6., 2017, Maringá. Anais... Maringá: Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2017. p. 141-169.
PASQUALOTTO, M.; NERES, M. A.; GUIMARÃES, V. F.; KLEIN, J.; INAGAKI, A. M.; DUCATI, C. Gas exchanges and dehydration in different intensities of conditioning in tifton 85 bermudagrass: nutritional value during hay storage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, Seoul, v. 28, n. 6, p. 807-815, 2015. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0826.
RAYMOND, F.; SHEPPERON, G.; WALTHAM, R. Forage conservation and feeding. 3th ed. Ipswich: Farming Press, 1978. 188 p.
RIBEIRO, K. G.; PEREIRA, O. G.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; GARCIA, R.; CABRAL, L. S. Caracterização das frações que constituem as proteínas e os carboidratos, e respectivas taxas de digestão, do feno de capim Tifton 85 de diferentes idades de rebrota. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 30, n. 2, p. 589-595, 2001. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982001000200039.
ROBERTSON, J. B.; VAN SOEST, P. J. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. In: JAMES, W. P. T.; THEANDER, O. The analysis of dietary fiber in food. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1981. p. 123-158.
ROTZ, C. A.; MUCK, R. E. Changes in forage quality during harvest and storage. In: FAHEY, G. C. Forage quality, evaluation, and utilization. Madison: American Society Agronomy, 1994. p. 828-868.
TAFFAREL, L. E.; MESQUITA, E. E.; CASTAGNARA, D. D.; OLIVEIRA, P. S. R.; OLIVEIRA, N. T. E.; GALBEIRO, S.; COSTA, P. B. Produção de matéria seca e valor nutritivo do feno do tifton 85 adubado com nitrogênio e colhido com 35 dias. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, Salvador, v. 15, n. 3, p. 544-560, 2014. DOI: 10.1590/S1519-99402014000300003.
TILLEY, J. M. A.; TERRY, R. A. A two-stage technique for digestion of forage crops. Grass and Forage Science, Nantwich, v. 18, n. 2, p. 104-111, 1963. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x.
TURNER, J. E.; COBLENTZ, W. K.; SCARBROUGH, D. A.; COFFEY, K. P.; KELLOGG, D. W.; MCBETH, L. J.; HEIN, R. T. Changes in nutritive value of bermudagrass hay during storage. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v. 22, n. 94, p. 109-117, 2002. DOI: 10.2134/agronj2002.0109.
VAN SOEST, P. J. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. 2th ed. New York: Cornell University Press, 1994. 456 p.
VAN SOEST, P. J.; ROBERTSON, J. B.; LEWIS, B. A. Methods for dietary fiber; neutral detergent fiber; and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Animal Science, Champaign, v. 74, n. 10, p. 35-83, 1991. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2.
WELZ, B.; SPERLING, M. Atomic absorption spectrometry. 3th ed. Weinheim, New York: Wiley - VCH, 1999. 941 p.
WUNSCH, C.; BARCELLOS, J. O. J.; PRATES, E. R.; COSTA, E. C.; MONTANHOLI, Y. R. Avaliação das alterações bromatológicas do feno de campo nativo durante o armazenamento. Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha, Porto Alegre, v.13, n. 1-2, p.131-135, 2007.
YANG, J. H.; BRODERICK, G. A.; KOEGEL, R. G. Effect of heat treating alfalfa hay on chemical composition and ruminal in vitro protein degradation. Journal Dairy Science, Champaign, v. 76, n. 1, p. 154-164, 1993. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77334-8.
ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS - AOAC. Official methods of analysis. 15th ed. Washington: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1990.
BUCKMASTER, D. R.; ROTZ, C. A.; MERTENS, D. R. A. Model of alfalfa hay storage. Transactions of the ASAE, Michigan, v. 32, n. 1, p. 30-36, 1989. DOI: 10.13031/2013.30958.
BURTON, G. W.; GATES, R. N.; HILL, G. M. Registration of Tifton 85 bermudagrass. Crop Science, Madison, v. 33, n. 3, p. 644-645, 1993. DOI: 10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300030045x.
CALIXTO JÚNIOR, M.; JOBIM, C. C.; CANTO, M. W. Taxa de desidratação e composição químico-bromatológica do feno de grama-estrela (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) em função de níveis de adubação nitrogenada. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, v. 28, n. 3, p. 493-502, 2007. DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2007v28n3p493.
CAPUANO, E.; FERRIGNO, A.; ACAMPA, I.; AIT-AMEUR, L.; FOGLIANO, V. Characterization of the Maillard reaction in bread crisps. European Food Research and Technology, Munich, v. 228, n. 2, p. 311-319, 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-008-0936-5.
COBLENTZ, W. K.; TURNER, J. E.; SCARBROUGH, D. A.; LESMEISTER, K. E.; JOHNSON, Z. B.; KELLOGG, D. W.; COFFEIY, K. P.; MCBETH, L. J.; WEYERS, J. S. Storage characteristics and nutritive value changes in bermudagrass hay as affected by moisture content and density of rectangular bales. Crop Science, Madinson, v. 40, n. 5, p. 1375-1383, 2000. DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2000.4051375x
COLLINS, M. Hay preservation effects on yield and quality. In: MOORE, K. J.; KRAL, D. M.; VINEY, M. K. Post-harves tphysiology and preservation of forages. Madison: American Society of Agronomy, 1995. p. 67-89.
COLLINS, M.; OWENS, V. Preservation of forages as hay and silage. In: BARNES, R. F.; NELSON, C. J.; MOORE, K. J. Forages: an introduction to grassland agriculture. Ames: Iowa State Univ. Press, 2003. p. 443-471.
COLLINS, D. W.; MAYDEW, E. L.; WEISS, I. S. Changes in the value-relevance of earnings and book values over the past forty years. Journal of Accounting & Economics, Utah, v. 24, n.1, p. 39, 1997. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-4101(97)00015-3.
EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA - EMBRAPA. Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. Rio de Janeiro: EMBRAPA Solos, 2006.
FERREIRA, D. F. Sisvar: a computer statistical analysis system. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, Lavras, v. 35, n. 6, p. 1039-1042. 2011. DOI: 10.1590/S1413-70542011000600001.
HOLDEN, L. A. Comparison of methods of in vitro dry matter digestibility for ten feeds. Journal of Dairy Science, Madison, v. 82, n. 8, p. 1791-1794, 1999. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75409-3
JOHNSON, R. R.; BALWANI, T. L.; JOHNSON, L. J.; MCCLURE, K. E.; DEHORITY, B. A. Corn plant maturity. II. Effect on in vitro cellulose digestibility and soluble carbohydrate content. Journal of Animal Science, Champaign, v. 25, n. 3, p. 617-623, 1966. DOI:10.252/jas1966.253617x.
LAVEZZO, W.; ANDRADE, J. B. Conservação de forragens: feno e silagem. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE FORRAGENS E PASTAGENS, 1994, Campinas. Anais... Campinas: Colégio Brasileiro de Nutrição Animal, 1994. p. 105-166.
LICITRA, G.; HERNANDEZ, T. M.; VAN SOEST, P. J. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, New York, v. 5, n. 4, p. 347-358, 1996. DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(95)00837-3
MOSER, L. E. Quality of forages as affected by post-harvest storage and processing. In: HOVELAND, C. S. Crop quality storage, and utilization. Madison: American Society of Agronomy, 1980. p. 227-260.
NERES, M. A.; CASTAGNARA, D. D.; MESQUITA, E. E.; JOBIM, C. C.; TRÊS, T. T.; OLIVEIRA, P. S. R.; OLIVEIRA, A. A. M. A. Production of tifton 85 hay over seeded with white oats or ryegrass. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 40, n. 8, p. 1638-1644, 2011. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000800003.
NERES, M. A.; CASTAGNARA, D. D.; MUFFATO, L. M.; FERNANDES, T.; HUNOFF, C. A.; WOBETO, J. R.; NATH, C. D. Changes in Tifton 85 bermudagrass hay storage in the field or under shed. Archivos de Zootecnia, Córdoba, v. 63, n. 243, p. 555-558, 2014. DOI: 10.4321/S0004-05922014000300017.
NERES, M. A.; NATH, C. D.; SUNAHARA, S. M. M. Cenário da produção e comercialização de feno e pré-secado no Brasil. In: SIMPÓSIO SOBRE PRODUÇÃO E UTILIZAÇÃO DE FORRAGENS CONSERVADAS, 6., 2017, Maringá. Anais... Maringá: Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2017. p. 141-169.
PASQUALOTTO, M.; NERES, M. A.; GUIMARÃES, V. F.; KLEIN, J.; INAGAKI, A. M.; DUCATI, C. Gas exchanges and dehydration in different intensities of conditioning in tifton 85 bermudagrass: nutritional value during hay storage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, Seoul, v. 28, n. 6, p. 807-815, 2015. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0826.
RAYMOND, F.; SHEPPERON, G.; WALTHAM, R. Forage conservation and feeding. 3th ed. Ipswich: Farming Press, 1978. 188 p.
RIBEIRO, K. G.; PEREIRA, O. G.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; GARCIA, R.; CABRAL, L. S. Caracterização das frações que constituem as proteínas e os carboidratos, e respectivas taxas de digestão, do feno de capim Tifton 85 de diferentes idades de rebrota. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, v. 30, n. 2, p. 589-595, 2001. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982001000200039.
ROBERTSON, J. B.; VAN SOEST, P. J. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. In: JAMES, W. P. T.; THEANDER, O. The analysis of dietary fiber in food. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1981. p. 123-158.
ROTZ, C. A.; MUCK, R. E. Changes in forage quality during harvest and storage. In: FAHEY, G. C. Forage quality, evaluation, and utilization. Madison: American Society Agronomy, 1994. p. 828-868.
TAFFAREL, L. E.; MESQUITA, E. E.; CASTAGNARA, D. D.; OLIVEIRA, P. S. R.; OLIVEIRA, N. T. E.; GALBEIRO, S.; COSTA, P. B. Produção de matéria seca e valor nutritivo do feno do tifton 85 adubado com nitrogênio e colhido com 35 dias. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, Salvador, v. 15, n. 3, p. 544-560, 2014. DOI: 10.1590/S1519-99402014000300003.
TILLEY, J. M. A.; TERRY, R. A. A two-stage technique for digestion of forage crops. Grass and Forage Science, Nantwich, v. 18, n. 2, p. 104-111, 1963. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x.
TURNER, J. E.; COBLENTZ, W. K.; SCARBROUGH, D. A.; COFFEY, K. P.; KELLOGG, D. W.; MCBETH, L. J.; HEIN, R. T. Changes in nutritive value of bermudagrass hay during storage. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v. 22, n. 94, p. 109-117, 2002. DOI: 10.2134/agronj2002.0109.
VAN SOEST, P. J. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. 2th ed. New York: Cornell University Press, 1994. 456 p.
VAN SOEST, P. J.; ROBERTSON, J. B.; LEWIS, B. A. Methods for dietary fiber; neutral detergent fiber; and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Animal Science, Champaign, v. 74, n. 10, p. 35-83, 1991. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2.
WELZ, B.; SPERLING, M. Atomic absorption spectrometry. 3th ed. Weinheim, New York: Wiley - VCH, 1999. 941 p.
WUNSCH, C.; BARCELLOS, J. O. J.; PRATES, E. R.; COSTA, E. C.; MONTANHOLI, Y. R. Avaliação das alterações bromatológicas do feno de campo nativo durante o armazenamento. Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha, Porto Alegre, v.13, n. 1-2, p.131-135, 2007.
YANG, J. H.; BRODERICK, G. A.; KOEGEL, R. G. Effect of heat treating alfalfa hay on chemical composition and ruminal in vitro protein degradation. Journal Dairy Science, Champaign, v. 76, n. 1, p. 154-164, 1993. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77334-8.
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2019-07-04
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Machado, I. W. J., Neres, M. A., Castagnara, D. D., Nath, C. D., & Diaz, T. G. (2019). Dehydration curve, gas exchange, and nutritional value of Bermuda grass hay under different conditions of storage. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40(5), 1965–1978. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p1965
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