Plant extracts on Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Beauveria bassiana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2012v33n6Supl1p2849Keywords:
Coffee berry borer, Insecticidal plants, Endosulfan, Ethanolic extract, Aqueous extract.Abstract
Looking for alternatives to pesticides for Hypothenemus hampei control, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) and Tephrosia purpurea (tephrosia) (seeds, leaves and roots) and Melia azedarach (cinnamon), Nerium oleander (oleander) and Azadirachta indica (neem) (leaves only), on mortality and repellency of H. hampei and its compatibility with Beauveria bassiana, an important natural enemy of this pest. To assess the mortality, coffee leaves (Coffea arabica L) were treated by immersion in a solution of endosulfan and plant extracts at a concentration of 10% and then offered to adults of H. hampei. The repellency was evaluated in multiple-choice tests and in no-choice tests among coffee fruit treated and untreated The compatibility between extracts and Beauveria bassiana (CG 452) was analyzed by quantifying germination, colony forming units, growth and yield / productivity of conidia. The highest mortalities were observed when leaves were treated with ethanolic extract of T. purpurea (leaves) which did not differ from endosulfan, and aqueous and ethanolic extracts from M. oleifera seeds . In free-choice tests, all the ethanolic extracts showed repellent action, being higher for M. oleifera (root) and T. purpurea (seed). The aqueous extracts of M. oleifera (leaves and seeds) and N. oleander (leaves) showed the highest repellency. In no-choice tests the highest repellency level was for coffee fruits treated with A. indica (leaves). The ethanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves negatively affected B. bassiana germination. These studies showed the potential of these plant extracts for use in the field as an alternative to chemical control, once they are also selective for B. bassiana.
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