Rumen fermentation and degradability in sheep fed crude glycerin from biodiesel production from frying oils
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n2p671Keywords:
Alternative feed, Ammoniacal nitrogen, Byproduct, Glycerol, Rumen disappearance.Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the dietary inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) derived from biodiesel production from residual frying oils, replacing corn, on intake, fermentation parameters, and rumen degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). Four rumen-cannulated sheep were fed diets containing 0, 25, 50, and 75 g CG kg-1 of the total diet DM. A 4×4 Latin square design was adopted. To determine degradability, concentrate samples were incubated in the rumen at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 h. Orthogonal contrasts were tested for linear and quadratic effects, which were considered significant when P < 0.05 and a trend when P < 0.10. The inclusion of CG did not influence the intakes of DM (average = 991.5 g day-1) or CP (average = 114.65 g day-1); however, ether extract (EE) intake increased linearly (P < 0.05), ranging from 20.8 to 36.7 g day-1, respectively, for the CG levels of 0 and 75 g kg-1 diet DM. There was no interaction effect (P > 0.05) between collection time and CG level on rumen pH or N-NH3. The lowest pH values were observed at 2 h (5.83) and 4 h (5.87) after feeding. Ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) showed a quadratic decrease (P = 0.02), with a minimum value of 8 mg dL-1 at the CG level of 41.5 g kg-1 DM. The “A” fraction of the concentrate DM decreased quadratically (P = 0.05), with the lowest value (19.7%) occurring at the CG level of 74.1 g kg-1 DM; the “B” fraction and effective degradability (ED; 8% h-1) decreased linearly (P < 0.05); and potential degradability (PD) tended to decrease (P < 0.10) with increasing CG levels. Crude glycerin did not affect the “c” fraction, lag time, or the ED (2% h-1) of concentrate DM. As regards CP, there was also no effect on fractions “A” (average = 41.5%), “B” (average = 51.0%), or PD (average = 92.4%); on the other hand, fraction “c” and ED increased linearly (P < 0.05), whereas lag time decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing CG. In conclusion, the CG used in this study can be added up to the level of 75 g kg-1 of the total DM of the sheep diet.
Downloads
References
Alves, R. A., Pascoal, L. A. F., Cambuí, G. B., Trajano, J. S., Silva, C. M., & Gois, G. C. (2016). Fibra para ruminantes: Aspecto nutricional, metodológico e funcional. Pubvet, 10(7), 513-579. doi: 10.1590/1142e016dd9d3280d9ab0508c86149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22256/pubvet.v10n7.568-579
Andrade, G. P., Carvalho, F. F. R., Batista, A. M. V., Pessoa, R. A. S., Costa, C. A., Cardoso, D. B., & Maciel, M. V. (2018). Evaluation of crude glycerin as a partial substitute of corn grain in growing diets for lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 165(1), 41-47. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.06.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.06.002
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990). Official methods of analysis (15nd ed.). AOAC.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (2007). Official methods of analysis. AOAC.
Barros, M. C. C., Marques, J. A., Silva, F. F., Silva, R. R., Guimarães, G. S., Silva, L. L., & Araújo, F. L. (2015). Glicerina bruta na dieta de ovinos confinados: consumo, digestibilidade, desempenho, medidas morfométricas da carcaça e características da carne. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 36(1), 453-466. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n1p453 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n1p453
Belato, A. M., Rego, F. C. A., Sanchez, A. F., Gasparine, M. J., & Zundt, M. (2013). Cinética de degradação ruminal e composição química em dietas para ovinos, com diferentes níveis de glicerina bruta. Synergismus Scyentifica UTFPR, 8(2), 1-3.
Beserra, V. A., Cesar, A. S., & Peres, A. C. C. (2016). Adoção de glicerina bruta na dieta animal e seu impacto no produto final. Archivos de Zootecnia, 65(250), 259-266. doi: 10.21071/az.v65i250.498 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v65i250.498
Chanjula, P., Pakdeechanuan, P., & Wattanasit, S. (2014). Effects of dietary crude glycerin supplementation on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and nitrogen balance of goats. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27(3), 365-374. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13494 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13494
Cooper, G., & Weber, J. A. (2012). An outlook on world biofuel production and its implications for the animal feed industry. In H. P. S. Makkar (Ed.), Biofuel co-products as livestock feed (pp. 1-12). Rome.
Costa, N. L., Monteiro, A. L. G., Silva, A. L. P., Moraes, A., Giostri, A. F., Stivari, T. S. S., Baldissera, T. C., & Pin, E. A. (2015). Considerações sobre a degradação da fibra em forragens tropicais associada com suplementos energéticos ou nitrogenados. Archivo de Zootecnia, 64, 31-41. doi: 10.21071/az.v64i247.504 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v64i247.504
D'Aurea, A. P., Ezequiel, J. M. B., D'Aurea, E. M. O., Fávaro, V. R., Homem, A. C., Jr., Van Cleef, E. H. C. B., Paschoaloto, J. R., & Almeida, M. T. C. (2017). Glicerina associada à ureia na terminação de bovinos: parâmetros ruminais, digestibilidade e massa microbiana. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 69(1), 146-154. doi: 10.1590/1678-4162-8896 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8896
Detmann, E., Souza, M. A., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Queiroz, A. C., Berchielli, T. T., Saliba, E. O. S., Cabral, L. S., Pina, D. S., Ladeira, M. M., & Azevedo, J. A. G. (2012). Métodos para análise de alimentos - INCT - Ciência Animal. Suprema.
Dias, J. C., Silveira, A. L. F., Lançanova, J. A. C., Hill, J. A. G., & Moletta, J. L. (2016). Crude glycerin in meat goat diets: intake, performance and carcass traits. Ciência Rural, 46(4), 719-724. doi: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20141489 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141489
Fávaro, V. R., Ezequeil, J. M. B., D’Aurea, A. P., Sancanari, J. B. D., Homem, A. C., Jr., Van Cleef, E. H. C. B., & Santos, V. C. (2014). A utilização de glicerina em dietas para bovinos altera a microbiota ruminal. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 66(5), 1504-1512. doi: 10.1590/1678-6654 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6654
Fávaro, V. R., Ezequiel, J. M. B., Daurea, A. P., Branco van Cleef, E. H. C., Sancanari, J. B. D., Santos, V. C., & Homem, A. C., Jr. (2015). Glycerin in cattle feed: intake, digestibility, and ruminal and blood parameters. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 36(3), 1495-1506. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n3p1495 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n3p1495
Ferreira, S. F., Fernandes, J. J. R., Pádua, J. T., Bilego, U. O., Lima, M. A. S., França, A. F. S., Bento, E. A., Oliveira, L. G., & Grandini, D. (2015). Desempenho e metabolismo ruminal em bovinos de corte em sistema de pastejo no periodo seco do ano recebendo virginiamicina na dieta. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 36(3), 2067-2078. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n3Supl1p2067 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n3Supl1p2067
Food and Drug Administration (2010). Code of federal regulations - CFR, U.S. Title 21, 6(21), CFR582.1320. https:// www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRSearch.cfm
Freitas, N. E., Araújo, M. J., Oliveira, R. L., Lanna, D. P. D., Marques, C. A. T., Torreão, J. N. C., Santos, C. B., Silva, J. M., Jr., Edvan, R. L., & Bezerra, L. R. (2020). Production, composition, fatty acid profile and sensory traits of milk from goats fed crude glycerin from waste frying oils used in biodiesel production. Livestock Science, 238, 104060. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104060
Goes, R. H. T. B., Souza, K. A., Patussi, R. A., Cornelio, T. C., Oliveira, E. R., & Brabes, K. C. S. (2010). Degradabilidade in situ dos grãos de crambe, girassol e soja, e de seus coprodutos em ovinos. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Science, 32(3), 271-277. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i3.7913 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i3.7913
Gomes, M. A. B., Moraes, G. V., Jobim, C. C., Santos, T. C., Oliveira, M. R., & Rossi, R. M. (2015). Aerobic stability, chemical composition, and ruminal degradability of sugarcane silage with glycerin from biodiesel. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 36(3), 1531-1544. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n3p1531 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n3p1531
Granja-Salcedo, Y. T., Dias, A. V. L., & Messana, J. D. (2016). Glicerina bruta e lipídeos na dieta: manipulando o metabolismo ruminal de bovinos de corte. Revista Investigação Medicina Veterinária, 15(7), 60-65. doi: 10.26843/investigacao.v15i7.1476
Hall, M. B. (2000). Neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrates. Nutritional relevance and analysis. University of Florida.
Hermes, P. R., Vilela, C. G. G., Costa, P. B., Cavilhão, C., Karvatte, N., Jr., & Biazi, B. (2018). Crescimento ponderal de cordeiros terminados em confinamento alimentados com glicerina bruta. Agropecuária Científica no Semiárido, 14(2), 123-128. doi: 10.30969/acsa.v14i2.943 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30969/acsa.v14i2.943
Martins, T. R., Caetano, G. A. O., Caetano, G. A. O., Jr., & Oliveira, B. C. (2017). Mudanças digestivas na cinética de trânsito e de passagem em bovinos. Nutritime Revista Eletrônica, 14(6), 8009-8015.
National Research Council (2007). Nutrient requirements of small ruminants. National Academy Press.
Oliveira, E. F., Fº., Soares, P. C., Costa, C. A., Andrade, G. P., Carvalho, F. F. R., Gonçalves, D. N. A., Batista, A. M. V., & Carvalho, C. C. D. (2020). Dinâmica metabólica de cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de glicerina bruta em substituição ao milho. Research, Society and Development, 9(8), 1-24. doi: 10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5426 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5426
Ørskov, E. R., & McDonald, J. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, 92(2), 499-503. doi: 10.1017/S0021859600063048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063048
Pimentel, P. G., Reis, R. B., Leite, L. A., Campos, W. E., Neiva, J. N. M., Saturnino, H. M., & Coelho, S. G. (2012). Parâmetros da fermentação ruminal e concentração de derivados de purina de vacas em lactação alimentadas com castanha de caju. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 64(4), 959-966. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352012000400024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352012000400024
Santana, J. A., Neto, Oliveira, V. S., Valença, R. L., & Cavalcante, L. A. D. (2012). Características da fermentação ruminal de ovinos em pastejo - revisão de literatura. Revista Científica Eletrônica de Medicina Veterinária, 10(19), 1-21.
Santos, C. B., Araújo, M. J., Bezerra, L. R., Marques, C. A. T., Torreão, J. N. C., Freitas, N. E., Oliveira, C. B., Neto, & Morais, J. S. (2018). Parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de cabras lactantes alimentadas com dieta glicerina bruta oriunda da produção do biodiesel proveniente de óleo de fritura. Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 70(6), 1867-1876. doi: 10.1590/1678-4162-10022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10022
Sniffen, C. J., O'Connor, J. D., & Van Soest, P. J. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70(12), 3562-3577. doi: 10.2527/1992.70113562x DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1992.70113562x
Souza, J. G., & Ribeiro, C. V. D. M. (2021). Biohidrogenação ruminal e os principais impactos no perfil de ácidos graxos da carne: revisão. Research, Society and Development, 10(13), 1-13. doi: 10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21039
Statistical Analyses System Institute (2002). SAS user’s guide: statistics version. SAS Institute.
United States Pharmacopeial Convention (2015). The official compendia of standards (38nd ed.). USP.
Valente, T. N. P., Detmann, E., Valadares., S. C., Fº., Cunha, M., Queiroz, A. C., & Sampaio, C. B. (2011). In situ estimation of indigestible compounds contents in cattle feed and feces using bags made from different textiles. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(3), 666-675. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000300027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982011000300027
Van Cleef, B. E. H. C., Ezequiel, J. M. B., D’Aurea, A. P., Fávaro, V. R., & Sancanari, J. B. D. (2014). Crude glycerin in diets for feedlot Nellore cattle. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 43(2), 86-91. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982014000200006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982014000200006
Van Cleef, B. E. H. C., Almeida, M. T. C., Perez, H. L., Paschoaloto, J. R., Castro, E. S., Fº., & Ezequiel, J. M. B. (2018). Effects of partial or total replacement of corn cracked grain with high concentrations of crude glycerin on rumen metabolism of crossbred sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 159, 45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.12.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.12.011
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant (2nd ed.). Cornel University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501732355
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Semina: Ciências Agrárias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias adopts the CC-BY-NC license for its publications, the copyright being held by the author, in cases of republication we recommend that authors indicate first publication in this journal.
This license allows you to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform and develop the material, as long as it is not for commercial purposes. And due credit must be given to the creator.
The opinions expressed by the authors of the articles are their sole responsibility.
The magazine reserves the right to make normative, orthographic and grammatical changes to the originals in order to maintain the cultured standard of the language and the credibility of the vehicle. However, it will respect the writing style of the authors. Changes, corrections or suggestions of a conceptual nature will be sent to the authors when necessary.
