Season effects on the composition of milk produced by a Holstein herd managed under semi-confinement followed by compost bedded dairy barn management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5p1667Keywords:
Total bacterial count, Somatic cell count, Fat, Facilities, Lactose, Protein, Breed.Abstract
Here, we studied the composition of milk produced by a Holstein herd in the municipality of Nova Boa Vista, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. The herd was first managed under a semi-confinement system and subsequently, in a compost bedded dairy barn system to facilitate animal management and, more importantly, family work. We monitored milk production by the herd under a semi-confinement system from January 2013 through September 2015, and then under a compost bedded dairy barn system from October 2015 through December 2017. The seasons of the year were spring (October to December), summer (January to March), autumn (April to June), and winter (July to September). Our results showed an increase in somatic cell count and total bacterial count with the change from semi-confinement to the compost bedded dairy barn system, possibly due to management factors; however, no changes were observed for any other of the variables under study, including lactose, fat, protein, and total solids. In addition, season markedly influenced milk composition and quality; thus, in winter and spring, milk was of a higher quality, whereas in the hotter months of summer and autumn fodder quality and availability, and the incidence of mastitis, as reflected by somatic cell count, affected milk quality negatively.Downloads
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References
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Silva, M. S. J. da, Jobim, C. C., Poppi, E. C., Tres, T. T., & Osmari, M. P. (2015). Production technology and quality of corn silage for feeding dairy cattle in Southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 44(9), 303-313. doi: 10.1590/S1806-92902015000900001
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Stürmer, M., Busanello, M., Velho, J. P., Heck, V. I., & Haygert-Velho, I. M. P. (2018). Relationship between climatic variables and the variation in bulk tank milk composition using canonical correlation analysis. International Journal of Biometeorology, 62(9), 1663-1674. doi: 10.1007/s00484-018-1566-7
Tylutki, T. P., Fox, D. G., Durbal, V. M., Tedeschi, L. O., Russell, J. B., Van Amburgh, M. E.,… Pell, A. N. (2008). Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system: a model for precision feeding of dairy cattle. Animal Feed and Science Technology, 143(1-4), 174-202. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.010
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Vargas, D. P. de, Nörnberg, J. L., Scheibler, R. B., Schafhauser, J., Jr., Rizzo, F. A., & Wagner, R. (2015) Qualidade e potencial nutracêutico do leite bovino em diferentes sistemas de produção e estações do ano. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 50(12), 1208-1219. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2015001200011
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Von Keyserlingk, M. A. G., & Weary, D. M. (2017). A 100-Year Review: Animal welfare in the Journal of Dairy Science The first 100 years. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(12), 10432-10444. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13298
Wolfinger, R. (1993). Covariance structure selection in general mixed models. Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 22(4), 1079-1106. doi: 10.1080/03610919308813143
Alvares, C. A., Stape, J. L., Sentelhas, P. C., Gonçalves, J. L. de M., & Sparovek, G. (2013). Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 22(6), 711-728. doi: 10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507
Assis, J. de, Ferreira, J. D., Martins, H. H., & Schneider, M. B. (2016). Cadeia produtiva do leite no Brasil no contexto do comércio internacional. Revista de Ciências Empresariais da UNIPAR, 17(1), 63-93. doi: 10.25110/receu.v17i1.5199
Black, R. A., Taraba, J. L., Day, G. B., Damasceno, F. A., & Bewley, J. M. (2013). Compost bedded pack dairy barn management, performance, and producer satisfaction. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(12), 8060-8074. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6778
Botton, F. S., Alessio, D. R. M., Busanello, M., Schneider, C. L. C., Stroeher, F. H., & Haygert-Velho, I. M. P. (2019). Relationship of total bacterial and somatic cell counts with milk production and composition - multivariate analysis. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 41, e42568. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.42568
Capper, J. L., Cady, R. A., & Bauman, D. E. (2009). The environmental impact of dairy production: 1944 compared with 2007. Journal of Animal Science, 87(6), 2160-2167. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-1781
Crotty, F. V., Fychan, R., Theobald, V. J., Sanderson, R., Chadwick, D. R., & Marley, C. L. (2014). The impact of using alternative forages on the nutrient value within slurry and its implications for forage productivity in agricultural systems. Plos One, 9(5), e97516. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097516
Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural/RS. (2017). Relatório socioeconômico da cadeia produtiva do leite no Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, RS: EMATER/RS.
Endres, M. I., & Barberg, A. E. (2007). Behavior of dairy cows in an alternative bedded-pack housing system. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(9), 4192-4200. doi: 10.3168/jds.2006-751
Fagan, E. P., Jobim, C. C., Calixto, M., Jr., Silva, M. S. da, & Santos, G. T. dos. (2010). Fatores ambientais e de manejo sobre a composição química do leite em granjas leiteiras do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 32(3), 309-316. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i3.8570
Galama, P. (2011). Prospects for bedded pack barns for dairy cattle. Lelystad, The Netherlands: Wageningen UR Livestock Research.
Gantner, V., Bobic, T., Gantner, R., Gregic, M., Kuterovac, K., Novakovic, J., & Potocnik, K. (2017). Differences in response to heat stress due to production level and breed of dairy cows. International Journal of Biometeorology, 61(9), 1675-1685. doi: 10.1007/s00484-017-1348-7
Gantner, V., Mijić, P., Kuterovac, K., Solić, D., & Gantner, R. (2011). Temperature-humidity index values and their significance on the daily production of dairy cattle. Mljekarstvo, 61(1), 56-63.
Haygert-Velho, I. M. P., Conceição, G. M. da, Cosmam, L. C., Alessio, D. R. M., Busanello, M., Sippert, M. R.,... Velho, J. P. (2018). Multivariate analysis relating milk production, milk composition, and seasons of the year. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(4), 3839-3852. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201820180345
Instituto Gaúcho do Leite, Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural/RS e Associação Sulina de Crédito e Assistência Rural (2015).
Relatório socioeconômico da cadeia produtiva do leite no Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: IGL, EMATER/RS, ASCAR.
Instrução Normativa nº 51, de 20 de setembro de 2002. Brasília: Diário Oficial da União 1, 13.
Instrução Normativa nº 62, de 30 de dezembro de 2011. Brasília: Diário Oficial da União 1, 8-10.
Instrução Normativa nº 76, de 26 de novembro de 2018. Brasília: Diário Oficial da União 1, 9-10.
Leso, L., Barbari, M., Lopes, M. A., Damasceno, F. A., Galama, P., Taraba, J. L., & Kuipers, A. (2019). Invited review: Compost-bedded pack barns for dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(2), 1072-1099. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16864
Lobeck, K. M., Endres, M. I., Shane, E. M., Godden, S. M., & Fetrow, J. (2011). Animal welfare in cross-ventilated, compost-bedded pack, and naturally ventilated dairy barns in the upper Midwest. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(11), 5469-5479. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-4363
National Research Council (2001). Nutrient of requirements of dairy cattle (7nd ed.). Washington, DC: National Academic Press.
Perramon, B., Bosch-Serra, À. D., Domingo-Olivé, F., & Boixadera, J. (2016). The efficiency of nitrogen in cattle manures when applied to a double-annual forage cropping system. Grass and Forage Science, 72(4), 676-690. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12269
Polsky, L., & von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. (2017). Invited review: effects of heat stress on dairy cattle welfare. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(11), 8645-8657. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-12651
Sargeant, J. M., & O’Connor, A. M. (2014). Issues of reporting in observational studies in veterinary medicine. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 113(3), 323-330. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.09.004
Silva, M. S. J. da, Jobim, C. C., Poppi, E. C., Tres, T. T., & Osmari, M. P. (2015). Production technology and quality of corn silage for feeding dairy cattle in Southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 44(9), 303-313. doi: 10.1590/S1806-92902015000900001
Statistical Analysis System. (2002). Statistical analysis system user’s guide: statistics, version 8.2. Cary, USA: SAS Institute.
Stürmer, M., Busanello, M., Velho, J. P., Heck, V. I., & Haygert-Velho, I. M. P. (2018). Relationship between climatic variables and the variation in bulk tank milk composition using canonical correlation analysis. International Journal of Biometeorology, 62(9), 1663-1674. doi: 10.1007/s00484-018-1566-7
Tylutki, T. P., Fox, D. G., Durbal, V. M., Tedeschi, L. O., Russell, J. B., Van Amburgh, M. E.,… Pell, A. N. (2008). Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system: a model for precision feeding of dairy cattle. Animal Feed and Science Technology, 143(1-4), 174-202. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.010
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. Ithaca, USA: Cornell University Press.
Vargas, D. P. de, Nörnberg, J. L., Scheibler, R. B., Schafhauser, J., Jr., Rizzo, F. A., & Wagner, R. (2015) Qualidade e potencial nutracêutico do leite bovino em diferentes sistemas de produção e estações do ano. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 50(12), 1208-1219. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2015001200011
Vilela, D., Resende, J. C. de, Leite, J. B., & Alves, E. (2017). A evolução do leite no Brasil em cinco décadas. Revista de Política Agrícola, 26(1), 5-24.
Voges, J. G., Thaler, A., Neto, & Kazama, D. C. da S. (2015). Qualidade do leite e a sua relação com o sistema de produção e a estrutura para ordenha. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Veterinária, 22(3-4), 171-175. doi: 10.4322/rbcv.2016.009
Von Keyserlingk, M. A. G., & Weary, D. M. (2017). A 100-Year Review: Animal welfare in the Journal of Dairy Science The first 100 years. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(12), 10432-10444. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13298
Wolfinger, R. (1993). Covariance structure selection in general mixed models. Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 22(4), 1079-1106. doi: 10.1080/03610919308813143
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2020-06-17
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Weber, C. T., Schneider, C. L. C., Busanello, M., Calgaro, J. L. B., Fioresi, J., Gehrke, C. R., … Haygert-Velho, I. M. P. (2020). Season effects on the composition of milk produced by a Holstein herd managed under semi-confinement followed by compost bedded dairy barn management. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(5), 1667–1678. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5p1667
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