The Twitter/X Case: algorithm, public space, and digital ultra-liberalism

Abstract

This article investigates the dynamics of social networks in shaping public debate, with an emphasis on Twitter (currently called X) and the influence of algorithms on content regulation. Using an interdisciplinary approach that integrates concepts from Digital Sociology and Computer Science, the study analyzes how curation and moderation mechanisms – operated by private companies – affect the construction of discourses and the dissemination of information. The research brings together empirical data, academic analyses and journalistic reports to demonstrate that changes in moderation policies, especially after Elon Musk’s acquisition of Twitter, have significantly impacted both the quality of the content generated and the trust of users and the platform’s economic sustainability. The results indicate that, although the relaxation of moderation guidelines can increase access and visibility of diverse voices, it also favors the increase in hate speech, the proliferation of bots and the removal of advertisers, creating a challenging scenario for maintaining a plural and transparent public debate.