Influence of the application of biofertilizers on the control of Fusarium root rot and Fusarium wilt and on the growth of common bean plants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n3p1225Keywords:
Alternative control, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli.Abstract
Beans hold significant food and socioeconomic value for the global population. However, bean production often faces reductions due to diseases instigated by soil pathogens. The extensive use of chemicals to control these diseases presents numerous disadvantages, such as environmental pollution, harm to human health, and imbalances in disease and pest dynamics. Certain commercial products, registered as biofertilizers or compost additives, can control plant pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of biofertilizers and compost additives, along with their mixtures, in controlling dry root rot (caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli) and Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli) in bean plants in a greenhouse setting. Additionally, the study examined the effect of these products and their mixtures on bean growth. A completely randomized design, with six replicates, was used. The treatments included Soil-Plex Trust®, Soil-Plex Ready®, Soil-Plex Active®, and Nem-Out®, along with their mixtures, a chemical fungicide Captan® (positive control), water (negative control), and a control group of plants without pathogen inoculation. Soil-Plex Trust® effectively reduced the severity of dry root rot. Soil-Plex Trust®, Soil-Plex Active®, and a Soil-Plex Ready + Soil-Plex Active® mixture promoted dry root weight equivalent to that of plants without Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli inoculation. Considering both inoculation methods, the application of Soil-Plex Trust® alone via in-furrow application reduced the severity of Fusarium wilt in common bean plants. Plants treated with Soil-Plex Trust® + SoilPlex Active®, and Soil-Plex Ready® + Soil-Plex Active® and inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli by mycelial disk method, also exhibited lower severity of Fusarium wilt. The blends of Soil-Plex Trust® and Soil-Plex Active®, Soil-Plex Ready® and Soil-Plex Active®, and Nem-Out® and Soil-Plex Active® resulted in a root length equivalent to that of plants without Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli inoculation. The results suggest that biofertilizers and compost additives based on Bacillus and Trichoderma can serve as a strategy to control diseases caused by Fusarium spp., and to mitigate the reductions in bean plants growth caused by these fungi.
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