Avaliação clínica do estado nutricional de animais de companhia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5p1813Palavras-chave:
Mortalidade, Avaliação nutricional, Desnutrição.Resumo
Um animal bem nutrido é tendenciado a boa qualidade de vida, saúde e alta longevidade. Por outro lado, o animal desnutrido é predisposto a maiores taxas de morbidade e mortalidade, internações recorrentes, maior tempo de hospitalização e elevados gastos com cuidados na saúde. A desnutrição está associada a alterações metabólicas e disfunções sistêmicas, como imunodepressão, comprometimento da cicatrização, perda de peso por redução da massa adiposa e muscular, além de piora no aspecto da pele e pelagem. A avaliação nutricional não só quantifica subnutrição e sobrepeso, como também o quanto esses desvios influenciariam o prognóstico de um paciente. Além disso, a identificação dos animais desnutridos permite a realização de tratamentos nutricionais específicos, com consequente melhoria clínica. Existem várias técnicas para avaliar o estado nutricional (EN) em cães e gatos, porém, por serem limitadas individualmente, é altamente recomendável a associação de diferentes métodos, antes da conclusão para um caso. Essa revisão de literatura reúne informações sobre as técnicas de avaliação do EN por exame clínico, incluindo anamnese e exame físico. A importância do manuscrito se justifica pela carência na literatura sobre semiologia nutricional de pequenos animais. Em síntese, são marcadores úteis do EN em animais de companhia: a variação de peso, o escore de massa muscular (EMM) e o escore de condição corporal (ECC). Auxiliam na determinação do prognóstico: o ECC, o EMM e o índice de massa corporal.Downloads
Não há dados estatísticos.
Referências
Aptekmann, K. P., Mendes, A. F., Jr., Passo, C. B., Secchin, M. C., & Galeas, M. A. V. (2014). Comparação dos diferentes métodos de avaliação corporal em felinos. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(2), 215-218.
Baldwin, K., Bartges, J., Buffington, T., Freeman, L. M., Grabow, M., Legred, J., & Ostwald, J. D (2010). AAHA nutritional assessment guidelines for dogs and cats. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 46(4), 285-296. doi: 10.5326/0460285
Becvarova, I., Prochazka, D., Chandler, M. L., & Meyer, H (2017). Nutrition education in European veterinary schools: are European veterinary graduates competent in nutrition? Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 43(4), 349-358. doi: 10.3138/jvme.0715-122R1
Bergler, R., Wechsung, S., Kienzle, E., Hoff, T., & Dobenecker, B. (2016). Ernährungsberatung in der Kleintierpraxis - ein Arbeitsfeld für spezialisierte Tierärzte. Tierärztliche Praxis Kleintiere, 44(1), 5-14. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1622399
Bjornvad, C. R., Nielsen, D. H., Armstrong, P. J., Mcevoy, F., Hoelmkjaer, K. M., Jensen, K. S.,... Kristensen, A. T. (2011). Evaluation of a ninepoint body condition scoring system in physically inactive pet cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 72(4), 33-37. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.72.4.433
Brooks, D., Churchill, J., Fein, K., Linder, D., Michel, K., Tudor, K.,… Witzel, A. (2014). 2014 AAHA weight management guidelines for dogs and cats. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 50(1), 1-11. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6331
Brunetto, M. A., & Carcioffi, A. C. (2015). Suporte nutricional do paciente gravemente enfermo. In M. M. Jericó, J. P. Andrade, Neto, & M. M. Kogika (Eds.), Tratado de medicina interna de cães e gatos (Cap, 6, pp. 49-65). Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Editora Guanabara Koogan LTDA.
Brunetto, M. A., Gomes, M. O. S., Andre, M. R., Teshima, E., Gonçalves, K. N. V., Pereira, G. T.,... Carciofi, A. C. (2010). Effects of nutritional support on hospital outcome in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 20(2), 224-231. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00507.x
Burkholder, W. J. (1994). Body composition of dogs determined by carcass composition analysis, deuterium oxide dilution, subjective and objective morphometry and bioelectrical impedance. Doctoral thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia, VA, United States of America.
Case, L., Daristotle, L., Hayek, M. G., & Raasch, M. F. (2011). Energy and water. In L. Case, L. Daristotle, M. G. Hayek, & M. F., Raasch (Eds.),, Canine and feline nutrition: a resource for companion animal professionals (pp. 3-12). Missouri, MO: Mosby Elsevier.
Chandler, M. L., & Gunn-Moore, D. A. (2004). Nutritional status of canine and feline patients admitted to a referral veterinary internal medicine service. Journal of Nutrition, 134(8), 2050-2052. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.8.2050S
Coe, J. B., O´Connor, R. E., MacMartin, C., Verbrugghe, A., & Janke, K. A. (2020). Effects of three diets history questions on the amount of information gained from a sample of pet owers in Ontario, Canada. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 256(4), 469-478. doi: 10.2460/javma.256. 4.469
Corbee, R. J., & Kerkhoven, W. J. S. V. (2014). Nutritional support of dogs and cats after surgery or illness. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 4(4), 44-57. doi: 10.4236/ojvm.2014.44006
Delaney, S. J., & Fascetti, A. (2006). Integration of nutrition into clinical practice. In P. Pibot, V. Biourge, & D. Elliott (Eds.), Encyclopedia of canine clinical nutrition (Chap. 16, pp. 494-504). Aimargues: Aniwa SAS.
Eirmann, L. (2016). Nutritional assessment. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 46(5), 855-867. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.04.012
Elliott, D. A., Ettinger, S. J., & Feldman, E. C. (2010). Body composition of the dog and cat. In S. J. Ettinger, & E. C. Feldman (Eds.), Textbook of veterinary internal medicine expert consult (Chap. 165, pp.634-637). California, CA: Elsevier.
Fabretti, A. K., Fonseca, I. B., Coelho, A. F., Silva, C. N., & Pereira, P. M. (2015). Evaluation of clinical, laboratory, and electrophoretic profiles for diagnosis of malnutrition in hospitalized dogs. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 36(1), 217-230. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n1p217
Fabretti, A. K., Fonseca, I. B., Pancieri, I. V. C., Knupp, F. C., Bordini, D. M., & Pereira, P. M. (2014). Avaliação clínica, laboratorial e perfil eletroforético na determinação do prognóstico de cães hospitalizados. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 35(6), 3113-3126. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2014v35n6 p3113
Fabretti, A. K., Siqueira, R. C. S., Chaves, R. O., Camacho, C. A., & Pereira, P. M. (2018). Exames laboratoriais na desnutrição de pequenos animais. Revista Clínica Veterinária, 23(133), 40-54.
Finn, E., Freeman, L. M., Rush, J. E., & Lee, Y. (2010). The relationship between body weight, body condition, and survival in cats with heart failure. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24(6), 1369-1374. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0584.x
Freeman, L. M. (2012). Cachexia and sarcopenia: emerging syndromes of importance in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 26(1), 3-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00838.x
Freeman, L. M., Becvarova, I., Cave, N., Mackay, C., Nguyen, P., Rama, B.,… Beukelen, P. V. (2011). World small animal veterinary association nutrional assesment guidelines. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 52(1), 385-396. doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2011.05.009
Freeman, L. M., Michel, K. E., Zanghi, B. M., & Boler, B. M. V. (2019). Evaluation of the use of muscle condition score and ultrasonographic measurements for assessment of muscle mass in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 80(6), 595-600. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.80.6.595
Gagne, J. W., & Wakshlag, J. J. (2015). Pathophysiology and clinical approach to malnutrition in dogs and cats. In D. L. Chan (Ed.), Nutritional management of hospitalized small animals (pp. 117-127). Oxford, OH: John Wiley & Sons.
Gama, F. F., Leite, M. A. S., Escodro, P. B., & Notomi, M. K. (2016). Avaliação da condição corpórea em cães utilizando o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e escore de condição corpórea (ECC). Ciência Veterinária nos Trópicos, 19(2), 19-25.
Hawthorne, A. J., & Butterwick, R. F. (2000). Predicting the body composition of cats: development of a zoometric measurement for estimation of percentage body fat in cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 14(3), 365-375.
Hesbach, A. L. (2007). Techniques for objective outcome assessment. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, 22(3), 146-154. doi: 10.1053/j.ctsap.2007.09.002
Hutchinson, D., Sutherland-Smith, J., Watson, A. L., & Freeman, L. M. (2012). Assessment of methods of evaluating sarcopenia in old dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 73(11), 1794-1800. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.73.11.1794
Johnson, L. N., & Freeman, L. M. (2017). Recognizing, describing, and managing reduced food intake in dogs and cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 251(11), 1260-1266. doi: 10.2460/javma.251.11.1260
Kanda, T., Maeta, N., Iguchi, A., Shibata, K., Nomura, C., Yamamoto, T.,… Furukawa, T. (2013). Correlation between computed tomographic assessment of body fat and body condition score evaluation in dogs. Journal of Pet Animal Nutrition, 16(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11266/jpan.16.1
Kathrani, A. (2016). Nutritional support in the intensive care unit. In Practice, 38(4), 18-24. doi: 10.1136/inp.i5414
Kawasumi, K., Iwazaki, E., Okada, Y., & Arai, T. (2016). Effectiveness of feline body mass index (fBMI) as new diagnostic tool for obesity. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 64(1), 51-56. doi: 10.14943/jjvr.64.1.51
Koizumi, A., Aoyama, K., Morishita, M., Sugiyama, Y., & Otsuji, K. (2018). The effectiveness of the body condition score model for the nutritional assessment in dogs (the 2nd report). Jornal da Sociedade da Nutrição do Animal de Estimação, 21(2), 95-101. doi: 10.11266/jpan.21.2_95
Laflamme, D. P. (1997a). Development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs. Canine Practice, 22(4), 10-15.
Laflamme, D. P. (1997b). Development and validation of a body condition score system for cats: a clinical tool. Feline Practice, 25(5), 13-18.
Laflamme, D. P. (2012). Companion animals symposium, obesity in dogs and cats: what is wrong with being fat? Journal of Animal Science, 90(7), 1653-1662. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4571
Liu, D. T., Brown, D. C., & Silverstein, D. C. (2012). Early nutritional support is associated with decreased length of hospitalization in dogs with septic peritonitis: a retrospective study of 45 cases (2000-2009). Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 22(4), 453-459. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012. 00771.x
Macmartin, C., Wheat, H. C., Coe, J. B., & Adams, C. L. (2015). Effect of questions design on dietary information solicited during veterinarian-client interactions in companion animal practice in Ontario, Canada. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 246(11), 1203-1214. doi: 10.2460/javma.246.11.1203
Maicá, A. O., & Schweigert, I. D. (2008). Avaliação nutricional em pacientes graves. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva, 20(3), 286-295.
Mauldin, G. E., & Davidson, J. R. (2007). Suporte nutricional em cães e gatos hospitalizados. In D. Slatter (Ed.), Manual de cirurgia de pequenos animais (pp. 87-91). Barueri, SP: Manole.
Mawby, D. I., Bartges, J. W., d’Avignon, A., Laflamme, D. P., Moyers, T. D., & Cottrell, T. (2004). Comparison of various methods for estimating body fat in dogs. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 40(2), 109-114. doi: 10.5326/0400109
Michel, K. E. (2017). Nutritional assessment . In S. J. Ettinger, & E. C. Feldman (Eds.), Textbook of veterinary internal medicine expert consult (Chap. 170, pp. 1830-1833). California, CA: Elsevier.
Michel, K. E. (2009). Using a diet history to improve adherence to dietary recommendations. Compendium: Continuing Education for Veterinarians, 18(31), 22-24.
Michel, K. E. (2013). Nutritional management of body weight. In A. J. Fascetti, & S. J. Delaney (Eds.), Applied veterinary clinical nutrition (Chap. 9, pp. 109-124). California, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
Michel, K. E. (2015). Nutritional assessment in small animals. In D. L. Chan (Ed.), Nutritional management of hospitalized small animals (pp. 1-6). Oxford, OH: John Wiley & Sons.
Michel, K. E., Anderson, W., Cupp, C., & Laflamme, D. (2009). Validation of a subjective muscle mass scoring system for cats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 93(6), 806. doi: 10.1017/S000711451100050X
Michel, K. E., Anderson, W., Cupp, C., & Laflamme, D. P. (2011). Correlation of a feline muscle mass score with body composition determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. British Journal of Nutrition, 106, 57-59. doi: 10.1017/S000711451100050X
Mohr, A. J., Leisewitz, A. L., Jacobson, L. S., Steiner, J. M., Ruaux, C. G., & Williams, D. A. (2003). Effects of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability, intestinal protein loss, and outcome in dogs with severe parvoviral enteritis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 17(6), 791-798. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02516.x
Muller, J. E., Pinheiro, M. S., & Mendonça, D. C. (2008). Adaptação do índice de massa corporal humano para cães. Ciência Rural, 38(4), 1038-1043. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782008000400020
Nakajima, M., Ohno, K., Goto-Koshino, Y., Fujino, Y., & Tsujimoto, H. (2014). Plasma transferrin concentration as a nutritional marker in malnourished dogs with nutritional treatment. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 76(4), 539-543. doi: 10.1292/jvms.13-0583
Otsuji, K., Koizumi, A., Kobayashi, N., Suzuki, M., Furukawa, N., Kumira, A., & Kobayashi, T. (2016). The effectiveness of the body condition score model for the nutritional assessment in dogs. Pet Nutrition Society Journal, 19(1), 15-20. doi: 10.11266/jpan.19.1_15
Purina (2016). Formulário de histórico alimentar. In Nestle Purina Petcare, Nutrição clínica canina e felina: guia prático de referência para uso diário no exercício da medicina veterinária (pp. 125-126). São Paulo, SP: Nestlé Purina.
Rollins, A. W., & Murphy, M. (2019). Nutritional assessment in the cat practical recommendations for better medical care. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 21(5), 442-448. doi: 10.1177/1098612X 19843213
Romano, F. R., Heinze, C. R., Barber, L. G., Mason, J. B., & Freeman, L. M. (2016). Association between body condition score and cancer prognosis in dogs with Lymphoma and Osteosarcoma. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(4), 1179-1186. doi: 10.1111/jvim.13965
Rosa, K. A., Fabretti, A. K., Zanutto, M. S., & Chaves, R. O. (2014). Efeitos da alimentação hipossódica em cães cardiopatas. MEDVEP - Revista Científica de Medicina Veterinária, 12(42), 462-467.
Roudebush, P., & Schoenherr, W. D. (2010). Skin and hair disorders. In M. S. Hand, C. D. Tratcher, R. L. Remillard, P. Roudebush, & C. Novotny (Eds.), Small animal clinical nutrition (pp. 637-665). Topeka, KS: Mark Morris Institute.
Saker, K. E., & Remillard, R. L. (2010). Critical care nutrition and enteral-assisted feeding. In M. S. Hand, C. D. Tratcher, R. L. Remillard, P. Roudebush, & C. Novotny (Eds.), Small animal clinical nutrition (pp. 351-390). Topeka, KS: Mark Morris Institute.
Santarossa, A., Parr, J. M., & Verbrugghe, A. (2017). The importance of assessing body composition of dogs and cats and methods available for use in clinical practice. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 251(5), 521-529. doi: 10.2460/javma.251.5.521
Shoveller, A. K., Digennaro, J., Lanman, C., & Spangler, D. (2014). Trained vs untrained evaluator assessment of body condition score as a predictor of percent body fat in adult cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 16(12), 957-965. doi: 10.1177/1098612X14527472
Stanton, C. A., Hamar, D. W., Johnson, D. E., & Fettman, M. J. (1992). Bioelectrical impedance and zoometry for body composition analysis in domestic cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 53(2), 251-257.
Tarkosova, D., Story, M. M., Rand, J. S., & Svoboda, M. (2016). Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment. Veterinarni Medicina, 61(6), 295-307. doi: 10.17221/145/2015-VETMED
Vandendriessche, V. L., Picavet, P., & Hesta, M. (2017). First detailed nutritional survey in a referral companion animal population. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 101(1), 4-14. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12621
Veado, J. C. C. (2015). Nutrição clínica do paciente hospitalizado: nutrição parenteral e enteral. In M. M. Jericó, J. P. Andrade, Neto, & M. M. Kogika, Tratado de medicina interna de cães e gatos (Cap. 37, pp. 291-298). Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Editora Guanabara Koogan LTDA.
White, G. A., Hobson-Wes,T. P., Cobb, K., Craigon, J., Hammond, R., & Millar, K. M. (2011). Canine obesity: is there a difference between veterinarian and owner perception? Journal of Small Animal Practice, 52(12), 622-626. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01138.x
Witzel, A. L., Kirk, C., Henry, G., Toll, P. W., Brejda, J. J., & Paetau-Robinson, I. (2014a). Use of a morphometric method and body fat index system for estimation of body composition in overweight and obese dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 244(11), 1279-1284. doi: 10.2460/javma.244.11.1279
Witzel, A. L., Kirk, C., Henry, G., Toll, P. W., Brejda, J. J., & Paetau-Robinson, I. (2014b). Use of a morphometric method and body fat index system for estimation of body composition in overweight and obese cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 244(11), 1285-1290. doi: 10.2460/javma.244.11.1285
World Small Animal Veterinary Association (2013). Muscle condition score. Ontario, CA: WSAVA Global Veterinary Development. Retrieved from https://www.wsava.org/WSAVA/media/Documents/ Committee%20Resources/Global%20Nutrition%20Committee/Muscle-condition-score-chart-2013-1.pdf
Baldwin, K., Bartges, J., Buffington, T., Freeman, L. M., Grabow, M., Legred, J., & Ostwald, J. D (2010). AAHA nutritional assessment guidelines for dogs and cats. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 46(4), 285-296. doi: 10.5326/0460285
Becvarova, I., Prochazka, D., Chandler, M. L., & Meyer, H (2017). Nutrition education in European veterinary schools: are European veterinary graduates competent in nutrition? Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 43(4), 349-358. doi: 10.3138/jvme.0715-122R1
Bergler, R., Wechsung, S., Kienzle, E., Hoff, T., & Dobenecker, B. (2016). Ernährungsberatung in der Kleintierpraxis - ein Arbeitsfeld für spezialisierte Tierärzte. Tierärztliche Praxis Kleintiere, 44(1), 5-14. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1622399
Bjornvad, C. R., Nielsen, D. H., Armstrong, P. J., Mcevoy, F., Hoelmkjaer, K. M., Jensen, K. S.,... Kristensen, A. T. (2011). Evaluation of a ninepoint body condition scoring system in physically inactive pet cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 72(4), 33-37. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.72.4.433
Brooks, D., Churchill, J., Fein, K., Linder, D., Michel, K., Tudor, K.,… Witzel, A. (2014). 2014 AAHA weight management guidelines for dogs and cats. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 50(1), 1-11. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6331
Brunetto, M. A., & Carcioffi, A. C. (2015). Suporte nutricional do paciente gravemente enfermo. In M. M. Jericó, J. P. Andrade, Neto, & M. M. Kogika (Eds.), Tratado de medicina interna de cães e gatos (Cap, 6, pp. 49-65). Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Editora Guanabara Koogan LTDA.
Brunetto, M. A., Gomes, M. O. S., Andre, M. R., Teshima, E., Gonçalves, K. N. V., Pereira, G. T.,... Carciofi, A. C. (2010). Effects of nutritional support on hospital outcome in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 20(2), 224-231. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00507.x
Burkholder, W. J. (1994). Body composition of dogs determined by carcass composition analysis, deuterium oxide dilution, subjective and objective morphometry and bioelectrical impedance. Doctoral thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia, VA, United States of America.
Case, L., Daristotle, L., Hayek, M. G., & Raasch, M. F. (2011). Energy and water. In L. Case, L. Daristotle, M. G. Hayek, & M. F., Raasch (Eds.),, Canine and feline nutrition: a resource for companion animal professionals (pp. 3-12). Missouri, MO: Mosby Elsevier.
Chandler, M. L., & Gunn-Moore, D. A. (2004). Nutritional status of canine and feline patients admitted to a referral veterinary internal medicine service. Journal of Nutrition, 134(8), 2050-2052. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.8.2050S
Coe, J. B., O´Connor, R. E., MacMartin, C., Verbrugghe, A., & Janke, K. A. (2020). Effects of three diets history questions on the amount of information gained from a sample of pet owers in Ontario, Canada. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 256(4), 469-478. doi: 10.2460/javma.256. 4.469
Corbee, R. J., & Kerkhoven, W. J. S. V. (2014). Nutritional support of dogs and cats after surgery or illness. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 4(4), 44-57. doi: 10.4236/ojvm.2014.44006
Delaney, S. J., & Fascetti, A. (2006). Integration of nutrition into clinical practice. In P. Pibot, V. Biourge, & D. Elliott (Eds.), Encyclopedia of canine clinical nutrition (Chap. 16, pp. 494-504). Aimargues: Aniwa SAS.
Eirmann, L. (2016). Nutritional assessment. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 46(5), 855-867. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.04.012
Elliott, D. A., Ettinger, S. J., & Feldman, E. C. (2010). Body composition of the dog and cat. In S. J. Ettinger, & E. C. Feldman (Eds.), Textbook of veterinary internal medicine expert consult (Chap. 165, pp.634-637). California, CA: Elsevier.
Fabretti, A. K., Fonseca, I. B., Coelho, A. F., Silva, C. N., & Pereira, P. M. (2015). Evaluation of clinical, laboratory, and electrophoretic profiles for diagnosis of malnutrition in hospitalized dogs. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 36(1), 217-230. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n1p217
Fabretti, A. K., Fonseca, I. B., Pancieri, I. V. C., Knupp, F. C., Bordini, D. M., & Pereira, P. M. (2014). Avaliação clínica, laboratorial e perfil eletroforético na determinação do prognóstico de cães hospitalizados. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 35(6), 3113-3126. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2014v35n6 p3113
Fabretti, A. K., Siqueira, R. C. S., Chaves, R. O., Camacho, C. A., & Pereira, P. M. (2018). Exames laboratoriais na desnutrição de pequenos animais. Revista Clínica Veterinária, 23(133), 40-54.
Finn, E., Freeman, L. M., Rush, J. E., & Lee, Y. (2010). The relationship between body weight, body condition, and survival in cats with heart failure. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24(6), 1369-1374. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0584.x
Freeman, L. M. (2012). Cachexia and sarcopenia: emerging syndromes of importance in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 26(1), 3-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00838.x
Freeman, L. M., Becvarova, I., Cave, N., Mackay, C., Nguyen, P., Rama, B.,… Beukelen, P. V. (2011). World small animal veterinary association nutrional assesment guidelines. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 52(1), 385-396. doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2011.05.009
Freeman, L. M., Michel, K. E., Zanghi, B. M., & Boler, B. M. V. (2019). Evaluation of the use of muscle condition score and ultrasonographic measurements for assessment of muscle mass in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 80(6), 595-600. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.80.6.595
Gagne, J. W., & Wakshlag, J. J. (2015). Pathophysiology and clinical approach to malnutrition in dogs and cats. In D. L. Chan (Ed.), Nutritional management of hospitalized small animals (pp. 117-127). Oxford, OH: John Wiley & Sons.
Gama, F. F., Leite, M. A. S., Escodro, P. B., & Notomi, M. K. (2016). Avaliação da condição corpórea em cães utilizando o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e escore de condição corpórea (ECC). Ciência Veterinária nos Trópicos, 19(2), 19-25.
Hawthorne, A. J., & Butterwick, R. F. (2000). Predicting the body composition of cats: development of a zoometric measurement for estimation of percentage body fat in cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 14(3), 365-375.
Hesbach, A. L. (2007). Techniques for objective outcome assessment. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, 22(3), 146-154. doi: 10.1053/j.ctsap.2007.09.002
Hutchinson, D., Sutherland-Smith, J., Watson, A. L., & Freeman, L. M. (2012). Assessment of methods of evaluating sarcopenia in old dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 73(11), 1794-1800. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.73.11.1794
Johnson, L. N., & Freeman, L. M. (2017). Recognizing, describing, and managing reduced food intake in dogs and cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 251(11), 1260-1266. doi: 10.2460/javma.251.11.1260
Kanda, T., Maeta, N., Iguchi, A., Shibata, K., Nomura, C., Yamamoto, T.,… Furukawa, T. (2013). Correlation between computed tomographic assessment of body fat and body condition score evaluation in dogs. Journal of Pet Animal Nutrition, 16(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11266/jpan.16.1
Kathrani, A. (2016). Nutritional support in the intensive care unit. In Practice, 38(4), 18-24. doi: 10.1136/inp.i5414
Kawasumi, K., Iwazaki, E., Okada, Y., & Arai, T. (2016). Effectiveness of feline body mass index (fBMI) as new diagnostic tool for obesity. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 64(1), 51-56. doi: 10.14943/jjvr.64.1.51
Koizumi, A., Aoyama, K., Morishita, M., Sugiyama, Y., & Otsuji, K. (2018). The effectiveness of the body condition score model for the nutritional assessment in dogs (the 2nd report). Jornal da Sociedade da Nutrição do Animal de Estimação, 21(2), 95-101. doi: 10.11266/jpan.21.2_95
Laflamme, D. P. (1997a). Development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs. Canine Practice, 22(4), 10-15.
Laflamme, D. P. (1997b). Development and validation of a body condition score system for cats: a clinical tool. Feline Practice, 25(5), 13-18.
Laflamme, D. P. (2012). Companion animals symposium, obesity in dogs and cats: what is wrong with being fat? Journal of Animal Science, 90(7), 1653-1662. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4571
Liu, D. T., Brown, D. C., & Silverstein, D. C. (2012). Early nutritional support is associated with decreased length of hospitalization in dogs with septic peritonitis: a retrospective study of 45 cases (2000-2009). Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 22(4), 453-459. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012. 00771.x
Macmartin, C., Wheat, H. C., Coe, J. B., & Adams, C. L. (2015). Effect of questions design on dietary information solicited during veterinarian-client interactions in companion animal practice in Ontario, Canada. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 246(11), 1203-1214. doi: 10.2460/javma.246.11.1203
Maicá, A. O., & Schweigert, I. D. (2008). Avaliação nutricional em pacientes graves. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva, 20(3), 286-295.
Mauldin, G. E., & Davidson, J. R. (2007). Suporte nutricional em cães e gatos hospitalizados. In D. Slatter (Ed.), Manual de cirurgia de pequenos animais (pp. 87-91). Barueri, SP: Manole.
Mawby, D. I., Bartges, J. W., d’Avignon, A., Laflamme, D. P., Moyers, T. D., & Cottrell, T. (2004). Comparison of various methods for estimating body fat in dogs. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 40(2), 109-114. doi: 10.5326/0400109
Michel, K. E. (2017). Nutritional assessment . In S. J. Ettinger, & E. C. Feldman (Eds.), Textbook of veterinary internal medicine expert consult (Chap. 170, pp. 1830-1833). California, CA: Elsevier.
Michel, K. E. (2009). Using a diet history to improve adherence to dietary recommendations. Compendium: Continuing Education for Veterinarians, 18(31), 22-24.
Michel, K. E. (2013). Nutritional management of body weight. In A. J. Fascetti, & S. J. Delaney (Eds.), Applied veterinary clinical nutrition (Chap. 9, pp. 109-124). California, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
Michel, K. E. (2015). Nutritional assessment in small animals. In D. L. Chan (Ed.), Nutritional management of hospitalized small animals (pp. 1-6). Oxford, OH: John Wiley & Sons.
Michel, K. E., Anderson, W., Cupp, C., & Laflamme, D. (2009). Validation of a subjective muscle mass scoring system for cats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 93(6), 806. doi: 10.1017/S000711451100050X
Michel, K. E., Anderson, W., Cupp, C., & Laflamme, D. P. (2011). Correlation of a feline muscle mass score with body composition determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. British Journal of Nutrition, 106, 57-59. doi: 10.1017/S000711451100050X
Mohr, A. J., Leisewitz, A. L., Jacobson, L. S., Steiner, J. M., Ruaux, C. G., & Williams, D. A. (2003). Effects of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability, intestinal protein loss, and outcome in dogs with severe parvoviral enteritis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 17(6), 791-798. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02516.x
Muller, J. E., Pinheiro, M. S., & Mendonça, D. C. (2008). Adaptação do índice de massa corporal humano para cães. Ciência Rural, 38(4), 1038-1043. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782008000400020
Nakajima, M., Ohno, K., Goto-Koshino, Y., Fujino, Y., & Tsujimoto, H. (2014). Plasma transferrin concentration as a nutritional marker in malnourished dogs with nutritional treatment. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 76(4), 539-543. doi: 10.1292/jvms.13-0583
Otsuji, K., Koizumi, A., Kobayashi, N., Suzuki, M., Furukawa, N., Kumira, A., & Kobayashi, T. (2016). The effectiveness of the body condition score model for the nutritional assessment in dogs. Pet Nutrition Society Journal, 19(1), 15-20. doi: 10.11266/jpan.19.1_15
Purina (2016). Formulário de histórico alimentar. In Nestle Purina Petcare, Nutrição clínica canina e felina: guia prático de referência para uso diário no exercício da medicina veterinária (pp. 125-126). São Paulo, SP: Nestlé Purina.
Rollins, A. W., & Murphy, M. (2019). Nutritional assessment in the cat practical recommendations for better medical care. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 21(5), 442-448. doi: 10.1177/1098612X 19843213
Romano, F. R., Heinze, C. R., Barber, L. G., Mason, J. B., & Freeman, L. M. (2016). Association between body condition score and cancer prognosis in dogs with Lymphoma and Osteosarcoma. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(4), 1179-1186. doi: 10.1111/jvim.13965
Rosa, K. A., Fabretti, A. K., Zanutto, M. S., & Chaves, R. O. (2014). Efeitos da alimentação hipossódica em cães cardiopatas. MEDVEP - Revista Científica de Medicina Veterinária, 12(42), 462-467.
Roudebush, P., & Schoenherr, W. D. (2010). Skin and hair disorders. In M. S. Hand, C. D. Tratcher, R. L. Remillard, P. Roudebush, & C. Novotny (Eds.), Small animal clinical nutrition (pp. 637-665). Topeka, KS: Mark Morris Institute.
Saker, K. E., & Remillard, R. L. (2010). Critical care nutrition and enteral-assisted feeding. In M. S. Hand, C. D. Tratcher, R. L. Remillard, P. Roudebush, & C. Novotny (Eds.), Small animal clinical nutrition (pp. 351-390). Topeka, KS: Mark Morris Institute.
Santarossa, A., Parr, J. M., & Verbrugghe, A. (2017). The importance of assessing body composition of dogs and cats and methods available for use in clinical practice. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 251(5), 521-529. doi: 10.2460/javma.251.5.521
Shoveller, A. K., Digennaro, J., Lanman, C., & Spangler, D. (2014). Trained vs untrained evaluator assessment of body condition score as a predictor of percent body fat in adult cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 16(12), 957-965. doi: 10.1177/1098612X14527472
Stanton, C. A., Hamar, D. W., Johnson, D. E., & Fettman, M. J. (1992). Bioelectrical impedance and zoometry for body composition analysis in domestic cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 53(2), 251-257.
Tarkosova, D., Story, M. M., Rand, J. S., & Svoboda, M. (2016). Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment. Veterinarni Medicina, 61(6), 295-307. doi: 10.17221/145/2015-VETMED
Vandendriessche, V. L., Picavet, P., & Hesta, M. (2017). First detailed nutritional survey in a referral companion animal population. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 101(1), 4-14. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12621
Veado, J. C. C. (2015). Nutrição clínica do paciente hospitalizado: nutrição parenteral e enteral. In M. M. Jericó, J. P. Andrade, Neto, & M. M. Kogika, Tratado de medicina interna de cães e gatos (Cap. 37, pp. 291-298). Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Editora Guanabara Koogan LTDA.
White, G. A., Hobson-Wes,T. P., Cobb, K., Craigon, J., Hammond, R., & Millar, K. M. (2011). Canine obesity: is there a difference between veterinarian and owner perception? Journal of Small Animal Practice, 52(12), 622-626. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01138.x
Witzel, A. L., Kirk, C., Henry, G., Toll, P. W., Brejda, J. J., & Paetau-Robinson, I. (2014a). Use of a morphometric method and body fat index system for estimation of body composition in overweight and obese dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 244(11), 1279-1284. doi: 10.2460/javma.244.11.1279
Witzel, A. L., Kirk, C., Henry, G., Toll, P. W., Brejda, J. J., & Paetau-Robinson, I. (2014b). Use of a morphometric method and body fat index system for estimation of body composition in overweight and obese cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 244(11), 1285-1290. doi: 10.2460/javma.244.11.1285
World Small Animal Veterinary Association (2013). Muscle condition score. Ontario, CA: WSAVA Global Veterinary Development. Retrieved from https://www.wsava.org/WSAVA/media/Documents/ Committee%20Resources/Global%20Nutrition%20Committee/Muscle-condition-score-chart-2013-1.pdf
Downloads
Publicado
2020-06-17
Como Citar
Fabretti, A. K., Gomes, L. A., Kemper, D. A. G., Chaves, R. O., Kemper, B., & Pereira, P. M. (2020). Avaliação clínica do estado nutricional de animais de companhia. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(5), 1813–1830. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5p1813
Edição
Seção
Artigos de revisões
Licença
Copyright (c) 2020 Semina: Ciências Agrárias
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias adota para suas publicações a licença CC-BY-NC, sendo os direitos autorais do autor, em casos de republicação recomendamos aos autores a indicação de primeira publicação nesta revista.
Esta licença permite copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer meio ou formato, remixar, transformar e desenvolver o material, desde que não seja para fins comerciais. E deve-se atribuir o devido crédito ao criador.
As opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos artigos são de sua exclusiva responsabilidade.
A revista se reserva o direito de efetuar, nos originais, alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da língua e a credibilidade do veículo. Respeitará, no entanto, o estilo de escrever dos autores. Alterações, correções ou sugestões de ordem conceitual serão encaminhadas aos autores, quando necessário.
