Evaluation of cross-reaction test positivity in horses: a comparison between the use of plasma and serum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2025v46n2p621Keywords:
Agglutination, Blood compatibility, Blood transfusion, Equine.Abstract
Horses have more than 400,000 possible blood type combinations, making it impossible to perform a blood transfusion with complete compatibility between the animals. The compatibility test or cross-reaction test verifies in vitro the blood compatibility between the recipient and donor. The likelihood of incompatibility during the first transfusion is low because the presence of natural antibodies in horses is rare. Therefore, cross-reactivity tests are not commonly performed during a horse’s first blood transfusion. However, studies indicate that the positivity of the cross-reaction is associated with a reduction in the lifespan of blood cells; therefore, it is recommended that this test be performed. Few studies have evaluated the need for a compatibility test during the first blood transfusion in horses. This study aimed to verify the occurrence of positive cross-reactions among horses that had never received blood transfusions and to compare the use of plasma and serum for the cross-reaction technique. This study evaluated 20 equines, including males and nulliparous mares. Blood samples from these animals were tested, resulting in 380 cross-reactions. The results were presented by verifying the occurrence of positive reactions in the plasma and serum. In the serum group, 14.5% of the samples were positive, whereas in the plasma group, 37.9% were positive. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups, in which the serum presented a lower percentage of positive results than the plasma, and there were positive results even in animals that had never received a blood transfusion. This study demonstrated the occurrence of positive cross-reactions in horses that had never received a blood transfusion and showed that using serum for cross-reaction tests was more reliable than using plasma.
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