How Often Must One Break with a Regime to Precipitate Its End? An Interpellation to Post-Mubārak Egypt
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/2176-6665.2023v28n2e47732Keywords:
rupture, despotism, colonial subjectivations, post-revolution, EgiptAbstract
How many times and in what unusual ways must a civilization break with the same military regime before an end is imposed on it? Such questioning about ruptures or simple discontinuities between political regimes is posed vis-à-vis three synthetic pictures of an interregnum ranging from modern colonial Egyptian history to the period known as baᶜd al-Thaūra (post-Revolution), which begins with the end of Ḥusnī Mubārak’s military rule, in 2011. The article starts from the understanding that reviewing Egypt’s recent history helps us understand that in order to begin speculating on scales and measures of ruptures or coexistences with continuities of despotic cultures, one must first address the turning points in the forms of restitution and subtraction of subjects and colonial subjectivations of a nation-state.
Downloads
References
ABU-RISH, Ziad. Protests, regime stability, and State formation in Jordan. In: KAMRAVA, Mehran (org.). Beyond the Arab Spring: the evolving ruling bargain in the Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. p. 227-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199384419.003.0011
ADAMS, Jason M. Occupy time: technoculture, immediacy, and resistance after Occupy Wall Street. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137275592
AHARONI, Reuven. The Pasha’s Bedouin tribes and state in the Egypt of Mehemet Ali, 1805–1848. London and New York: Routledge, 2007.
ALEXANDER, Anne; BASSIOUNY, Mustafa. Bread, freedom, social justice: workers and the Egyptian Revolution. London: Zed Books, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350218741
ALI AGRAMA, Hussein. Reflections on secularism, democracy, and politics in Egypt. American Ethnologist, Washington, v. 39, p. 26-31, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01342.x
ANSELL, Aaron. The Vinegar Revolts and the diverse faces of democracy in Brazil. Cultural Anthropology, [s. l.], dez. 2013. Disponível em: https://culanth.org/fieldsights/the-vinegar-revolts-and-the-diverse-faces-of-democracy-in-brazil. Acesso em: 03 aog. 2023.
BARRON, Sandra. Ending female genital mutilation in Egypt: a policy recommendation. 2014. Disponível em: https://www.academia.edu. Acesso em: 12 jan. 2023.
BORGES, Antonádia Monteiro. Tempos de Brasília: etnografando lugares-eventos da política. Tese (Doutorado em Antropologia) – Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2003.
CHEREM, Youssef Alvarenga. A crença, a lei, a guerra: uma análise do pensamento de ᶜIṣām Muḥammad Ṭāhir al-Barqāwī. Tese (Doutorado em Antropologia) – Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, 2010.
COOK, Steven. The struggle for Egypt: from Nasser to Tahrir Square. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199795260.001.0001
EICKELMAN, Dale F. The Middle East: an anthropological approach. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1981.
EL-DABH, Basil. 6 April’s Ahmed Maher arrested. Daily News, Egypt, 10th May 2013.
EZELL, Darell. Beyond Cairo: US engagement with the Muslim world. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137048493
FABIAN, Johannes. Power and performance: ethnographic explorations through proverbial wisdom and theater in Shaba, Zaire. Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1990.
FANON, Frantz. Toward the African revolution: political essays. New York: Grove Press, 1964.
GALÁN, Susana. From the square to the streets: sexual harassment and assault in Cairo after the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. In: SHARP, Deen; PANETTA, Claire (org.). Beyond the square: urbanism and the Arab Spring. New York: Terreform, 2016. p. 182-207.
GANZĪR. Zīna al-ᶜArab. [S.l.: s.n.], 2013.
GHANNAM, Farha. Meanings and feelings: local interpretations of the use of violence in the Egyptian revolution. American Ethnologist, Washington, v. 39, p. 32-36, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01343.x
GOLDSCHMIDT JUNIOR; Arthur; JOHNSTON, Robert. Historical dictionary of Egypt: African historical dictionaries. Lanham, Maryland, and Oxford: The Scarecrow Press, 2003.
HANDY, Basma; KARL, Don Stone; ELTAHAWY, Mona (org.). Walls of freedom: street art of the Egyptian Revolution. Berlin: From Here to Fame, 2014.
HILL, Richard; HOGG, Peter. A black corps d'élite: an Egyptian Sudanese conscript battalion with the French Army in Mexico, 1863-1867, and its survivors in subsequent African history. Michigan: Michigan State University Press, 1995.
HIRSCHKIND, Charles. Beyond secular and religious: an intellectual genealogy of Tahrir Square. American Ethnologist, Washington, v. 39, p. 49-53, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01346.x
HUNTER, F. Robert. Egypt under the khedives (1805-1879): from household government to modern bureaucracy. New York: The American University in Cairo Press, 1999.
IBRAHIM, Saad Edim. Egypt, Islam, and democracy: critical essays. New York-Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2002.
ISMAIL, Salwa. Political life in Cairo’s new quarters: encountering the everyday State. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press, 2006.
KASSEM, Maye. Egyptian politics: the dynamics of authoritarian rule. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781685855260
KEPEL, Gilles. The roots of radical Islam. London: Saqi Books Publishers, 2005.
LABABIDI, Lesley. Cairo’s street stories: exploring the city’s status, squares, bridges, gardens, and sidewalk cafés. New York: The American University in Cairo Press, 2008.
LESCH, Amn M. Concentrated power breeds corruption, repression, and resistance. In: KAMRAVA, Mehran. Beyond the Arab Spring: the evolving ruling bargain in the Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. p. 17-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5743/cairo/9789774165368.003.0003
ORTELLADO, Pablo. On processes and outcomes: remarks on the Brazilian protests of June, 2013, and other experiences of “new movements”. Cultural Anthropology, [s. l.], dez. 2013. Disponível em: https://culanth.org/fieldsights/on-processes-and-outcomes-remarks-on-the-brazilian-protests-of-june-2013-and-other-experiences-of-new-movements. Acesso em: 01 ago. 2023.
PEIRCE, Charles S. Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1958. v. 1-6.
PETERSON, Mark Allen. Egypt’s media ecology in a time of Revolution. In: PETERSON, Mark Allen (org.). Arab media and society: 03 years since the Spring. Cairo & New York: The American University in Cairo Press, 2012. p. 81-95.
RAGAB, Ahmed. Prophetic traditions and modern medicine in the Middle East: resurrection, reinterpretation, and reconstruction. Journal of the American Oriental Society, New Haven, v. 132, n. 4, p. 657-673, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7817/jameroriesoci.132.4.0657
RASHED, Abouelleil Mohammed; EL AZZAZI, Islam. The Egyptian revolution: a participant’s account from the Tahrir Square, January and February 2011. Anthropology Today, London, v. 27, n. 2, p. 22-27, abr. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8322.2011.00798.x
RÜSEN, Jörn. Reconstrução do passado – Teoria da história II: os princípios da pesquisa histórica. Brasília: EdUnB, 2007.
SAAD, Reem. The Egyptian Revolution: a triumph of poetry. American Ethnologist, Washington, v. 39, p. 63-66, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01348.x
SAFATLE, Vladimir Pinheiro. O circuito dos afetos: corpos políticos, desamparo e o fim do indivíduo. São Paulo: Cosac & Naif, 2015a.
SAFATLE, Vladimir Pinheiro. Por um conceito “antipredicativo” de reconhecimento. Lua Nova, São Paulo, n. 94, p. 79-116, 2015b. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-64452015009400004
SAID, Edward. Orientalism. London: Penguin, 1977.
SENNETT, Richard. Flesh and stone: the body and the city in Western Civilization. London: W. W. Norton and Company, 1994.
SHYLDKROT, Hava Bat-Zeev; LE QUERLER, Nicole. Présentation. Les périphrases verbales. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005.
SIDNELL, Jack. The ordinary ethics of everyday talk. In: LAMBEK, Michael (org.). Ordinary ethics: anthropology, language, and action. New York: Fordham University Press, 2010. p. 123-139.
SIKA, Nadine. Dynamics of a stagnant religious discourse and the rise of the new secular movements in Egypt. In: KORANY, Bahgat; EL-MAHDI, Rabah (org.). Arab Spring in Egypt: revolution and beyond. New York: The American University in Cairo Press, 2014. p. 63-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5743/cairo/9789774165368.003.0005
SULEIMAN, Yasir. A war of words: language and conflict in the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819926
TEGA, Danielle. Corpos que transgridem, palavras que resistem: um debate sobre gênero e testemunho. Mediações, vol. 26, n. 3, p. 621-638, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/2176-6665.2021v26n3p621
VAN DIJK, Rijk; BRUIJN, Mirjam; CARDOSO, Carlos; BUTTER, Inge. Introduction: ideologies of youth. Africa Development, v. 36, n. 3-4, p. 1-17, 2011. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mirjam-Bruijn/publication/277989864_Introduction_Ideologies_of_Youth/links/57baf06308ae724ecea32421/Introduction-Ideologies-of-Youth.pdf. Acesso em: 26 jul. 2023.
VOGT, Carlos. Finalmente Peirce. Revista de Administração de Empresas, São Paulo, v. 13, n. 2, p. 27-36, 1973. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75901973000200002
WICKHAM, Carrie Rosefsky. The Muslim Brotherhood: evolution of an Islamist movement. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013.
WINEGAR, Jessica. The privilege of revolution: gender, class, space, and the affect in Egypt. American Ethnologist, Washington, v. 39, p. 67-70, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01349.x
YAZBEK, Mustafa. A revolução argelina. São Paulo, SP: Editora Unesp, 2010.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Potyguara Alencar dos Santos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright on articles published in Mediações belongs to the author(s): in the case of partial or entire republication of the original publication, we ask author(s) to indicate the original publication in the periodical.
Mediações uses the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows Open Access, enabling any user to read, download, copy and disseminate its content so long as adequately referenced.
The opinions expressed by the author(s) are their sole responsibility.
Funding data
-
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Grant numbers 88882.317427/2019-01
