Anti-terrorism after 9/11 as legitimization of the new global policing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/2176-6665.2011v16n2p140Keywords:
United States, Foreign policy, Antiterrorism, World policingAbstract
This article discusses the meaning of the expression “world police”, constantly used by the critics of American imperialism. As from the 1970’s the expression acquires other meanings, as the United States starts to employ new procedures to exercise its police powers in the context of the global “war on drugs.” Since the September 11 2001 attacks, the new international policing became more frequent and more aggressive, with the so-called extraordinary renditions of the “war on terror.” The overall purpose of this text is to show that the problem of international policing goes beyond systemic analysis. It is also emphasized that, although the practices analyzed have been largely rejected in the past, they are now often seen as legitimate when justified by the discourse of combating international terrorism.References
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ZAID, Mark S. Military might versus sovereign right: the kidnapping of Dr. Humberto Alvarez-Machain and the resulting fallout. Houston Journal of International Law, Houston, v. 19, n. 3, 1997.
AJCHENBAUM, Yves Marc. Les États-Unis, Gendarmes du Monde: pour le meilleur et pour le pire. Paris: Le Monde, 2003.
ALVES, T. Geraldo. Razão de estado e política antiterrorismo nos Estados Unidos. 2011. Tese (Doutorado em Filosofia) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2011.
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL. Current evidence: European complicity in the CIA rendition and secret detention programmes. 2011. Disponível em: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR01/001/2011/en/77663b6e-6013-4636-9cd3-6b1ddb2c7181/eur010012011en.pdf. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
BURNS, John F. C.I.A. used a british island to transport terrorism suspects. New York Times, New York, 22 feb. 2008.
CIA. Rendition and secret detention: a global system of human rights violations. 2006. Disponível em: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/POL30/003/2006/en/db1dbfd1-d468-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/pol300032006en.pdf. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE. Renditions: constraints imposed by laws on torture. 2009. Disponível em: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32890.pdf. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
DOREL, Gérard. Atlas de l’Empire Américain. Paris: Éditions autrement, 2006.
DROGIN, Bob. Lebanese man is target of first rendition under Obama. Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles, 22 aug. 2009. Disponível em: http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/22/nation/na-rendition22. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
EÇA, Luiz. O seqüestro das leis. Correio da Cidadania. Disponível em: http://www.correiocidadania.com.br/antigo/ed537/luizeca.htm. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
EFE. Berlusconi e Prodi poderão depor sobre suposto seqüestro de imame pela CIA. 14 de maio de 2008. Disponível em: http://noticias.terra.com.br/mundo/noticias/0,,OI2886991-EI8142,00-Berlusconi+e+Prodi+devem+depor+sobre+sequestro.html. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
ERTEL, Manfred et al. A guerra secreta dos EUA: no rastro da CIA. 2005.
ESCÂNDALO da CIA: ‘ninguém nunca soube de nada’. Deutsche Welle, 2005. Disponível em: http://www.dwworld.de/dw/article/0,2144,1817599,00.html.
FBI. Department of Justice. Authority of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to override international law in extraterritorial law enforcement activities.1989. Disponível em: http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/olc_override.pdf. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS. FAS. Note on U.S. covert action programs. Disponível em: http://www.fas.org/sgp/advisory/state/covert.html. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
FOOT, John. The rendition of Abu Omar. London Review of Books, v. 29, n. 15, p. 24-25, 2007. Disponível em: http://www.lrb.co.uk/v29/n15/foot02_.html. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
GIMBLE, Noah. Killing more and imprisoning less: Obama and rendition. Counter Punch, 24-26 jun. 2011. Disponível em: http://counterpunch.org/gimble06242011.html. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
GREENHOUSE, Linda. Supreme court refuses to hear torture appeal. New York Times, New York, 9 oct. 2007.
ITALY indicts 31 linked to CIA rendition case. International Herald Tribune, Paris, 15 feb. 2007.
JOHN, Mark. EUA dizem que não extraditarão agentes da CIA para a Itália. Reuters, Bruxelas, 28 fev. 2007. Disponível em: http://noticias.uol.com.br/ultnot/reuters/2007/02/28/ult729u65219.jhtm. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
KALFON, Pierre. La mise à mort de la démocratie chilienne. In: Les États-Unis, Gendarmes du Monde: pour le meilleur et pour le pire. Paris: Librio/Le Monde, 2003.
KI-MOON, Ban. Statement by the Secretary-General following the news of Osama Bin Laden’s death. 2011. Disponível em: http://www.un.org/apps/sg/sgstats.asp?nid=5235#. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
KISSINGER, Henry. Diplomacy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
KURNAZ, Murat. Dans l’enfer de Guantanamo. Paris: Fayard, 2007.
MARINER, Joanne. The trials of Abu Omar. Find Law, 12 mar. 2008. Disponível em: http://writ.news.findlaw.com/mariner/20080312.html. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
MASCOLO, Georg; GEBAUER, Matthias. The CIA in the dock. DER SPIEGEL, 10 jan. 2007. Disponível em: http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,458821,00.html. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
OBAMA, Barack. Executive Order No. 13492. Review and Disposition of Individuals Detained at the Guantánamo Bay Naval Base and Closure of Detention Facilities. 2009. Disponível em: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/ClosureOfGuantanamoDetentionFacilities. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
PAYE, Jean-Claude. La fin de l´État de droit: la lutte antiterroriste de l´état d´exception à la dictature. Paris: La Dispute, 2004.
SAVAGE, Charlie. Court dismisses a case asserting torture by C.I.A. New York Times, New York, 8 set. 2010. Dispónivel em: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/09/us/09secrets.html?pagewanted=all. Acesso em: 2 set. 2011.
THE FOG of war. Direção: Errol Morris. Estados Unidos. 2003. 1 DVD (95 min), son., color.
ZAID, Mark S. Military might versus sovereign right: the kidnapping of Dr. Humberto Alvarez-Machain and the resulting fallout. Houston Journal of International Law, Houston, v. 19, n. 3, 1997.
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Published
2012-11-16
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TEIXEIRA JÚNIOR, Geraldo Alves. Anti-terrorism after 9/11 as legitimization of the new global policing. Mediações - Revista de Ciências Sociais, Londrina, v. 16, n. 2, p. 140–157, 2012. DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2011v16n2p140. Disponível em: https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/mediacoes/article/view/11114. Acesso em: 24 aug. 2024.
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