Supplementation strategies for lactating F1 Holstein x Zebu cows on deferred pastures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n3p1065Keywords:
Deferral of grazing, Urocloa decumbens, Crossbred cows, Milk yield, Casein.Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrate supplementation strategies to lactating F1 Holstein x Zebu cows managed on deferred signal grass pasture on milk yield, composition and body weight gain. Thirty-six F1 Holstein x Zebu cows with average days in milk of 102 ± 10 and body weight of 501 ± 19 kg were allotted to a 4 x 5 completely randomized factorial design, with four feeding strategies and five weeks of evaluation. The treatments consisted of four nutritional strategies: deferred pasture as a source of roughage + 700 grams of protein supplement (PDPI); deferred pasture as a source of roughage + 1,200 grams of protein supplement (PDPII); deferred pasture + 15 kilograms of corn silage (natural basis) + 1,200 grams of protein supplement (PDSP) and corn silage (ad libitum) + 700 grams of protein supplement (CSS). There was no interaction (P = 0.99) between supplementation strategies and test days on milk yield and chemical composition. The mean milk yield of cows managed on PDPI, PDPII and PDSP was 11.50 kg/day (P > 0.05), which was 14.30% lower than that of cows managed on CSS. Fat content (P < 0.01), protein (P < 0.01), lactose (P < 0.01), defatted dry extract (DDE) (P< 0 .01), total solids (P < 0.01) and milk casein (P < 0.01) were affected by different supplementation strategies. F1 Holstein x Zebu cows on deferred Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk pasture and supplemented with concentrate maintains milk production at 11.50 kg with normal composition, maintaining satisfactory body weight and condition score.References
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Santana, P. F., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Ruas, J. R. M., Monção, F. P., Borges, L. A., Rigueira, J. P. S.,... Gomes, V. M. (2019a). Feed restriction of F1 Holstein × Zebu cows in the final third of lactation modifies intake, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, and performance. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 48(e20180130), 1-10. doi: 10.1590/rbz4820180130
Santana, P. F., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Ruas, J. R. M., Monção, F. P., Borges, L. A., Sousa, T. E. S., & Sales, E. C. J. (2019b). Nutritional efficiency of feed-restricted F1 Holstein/Zebu cows during the middle third of lactation, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 33(2), 236-244. doi: 10.5713/ajas.18.0795
Santos, S. A., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Detmann, E., Ruas, J. R. M., Prados, L. F., Amaral, P. M., & Mariz, L. D. S. (2012). Intake, digestibility and nitrogen use efficiency in crossbred F1 Holstein × Zebu grazing cows. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(4), 1025-1034. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000400027
Santos, S. A., Valadares, S. C., Detmann, E., Ruas, J. R. M., Prados, L. F., & Mariz, L. D. S. (2014). Intake, milk production and weight change curves for lactating Holstein x Zebu cows under grazing. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 66(3), 827-836. doi: 10.1590/1678-41626201
Statistical Analysis System Institute (2008). SAS/STAT 9.2 Users guide. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute, Inc.
Schingoethe, D. J. (1996). Dietary influence on protein level in milk and milk yield in dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 60(3-4), 181-190. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(96)00975-3
Sklan, D., Ashkenazi, R., Braun, A., Devorin, A., & Tabori, K. (1992). Fatty acids, calcium soaps of fatty acids and cottonseeds fed to high yielding cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(9), 2463-2472. doi: 10.3168/jds. S0022-0302(92)78008-4
Sousa, D. O., Oliveira, C. A., Velasqueza, A. V., Souza, M., Chevaux, E., Mari, L. J., & Silva, L. F. P. (2018). Live yeast supplementation improves rumen fibre degradation in cattle grazing tropical pastures throughout the year. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 236(1), 149-158. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2017.12.015
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant (2a ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University.
Anuário Leite (2021). Saúde única e total. Brasília: EMBRAPA Gado de Leite. Recuperado de https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/1132875/anuario-leite-2021-saude-unica-e-total
Bachman, K. C. (1992). Managed milk composition. In H. H. Van Horn, & C. J. Wilcox (Eds.), Large dairy herd management. (pp. 336-346). Champaign: American Dairy Science Association.
Belchior, A. P. C., Lopes, L. B., Gonçalves, V. S. P., & Leite, R. C. (2015). Prevalence and risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 48(1), 373-378. doi: 10.1007/s11250-015-0961-x
Borges, L. D. A., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Monção, F. P., Soares, C., Ruas, J. R. M., Silva, F. V.,... Rabelo, W. O. (2019). Nutritional and productive parameters of Holstein/Zebu cows fed diets containing cactus pear. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 32(9), 1373-1380. doi: 10.5713 / ajas.18.0584
Broderick, G. A., Clayton, M. K. (1997). A statistical evaluation of animal and nutritional factors influencing concentrations of milk urea nitrogen. Journal of Dairy Science, 80(11),2964-71. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76262-3
Daltro, D. S., Padilha, A. H., Silva, M. V. G. B., Kern, E. L., Santos, D. C. A., Panetto, J. C. C.,... Cobuci, J. A. (2019). Heterosis in the lactation curves of Girolando cows with emphasis on variations of the individual curves. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 47(1), 85-95. doi: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1575 223
Detmann, E., Souza, M. A., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Queiroz, A. C., Berchielli, T. T., Saliba, E. O. S.,... Azevedo, J. A. G. (2012). Métodos para análise de alimentos. Visconde do Rio Branco, MG: Suprema.
Lucci, C. S. (1997). Nutrição e manejo de bovinos leiteiros. São Paulo: Editora Manole.
Ministério de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (2018). Instrução normativa Nº 76 e 77, de 30 de Novembro de 2018. Diário Oficial da União, 01 dez. 2018.
Mishra, S., Kumari, K., & Dubey, A. (2016). Body condition scoring of dairy cattle: a review. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2(1), 58-65.
Monção, F., Santana, P. F., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Ruas, J. R. M., Rigueira, J. P. S., Borges, L. D. A.,... Queiroz, F. E. (2020). Nutritional efficiency of feed-restricted F1 Holstein/Zebu cows in early lactation. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(1), 141-149. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-01994-z
Oliveira, A. G., Oliveira, V. S., Santos, G. R. A., Santos, A. D. F., Sobrinho, D. C. S., Oliveira, F. L.,… Goveia, J. S. S. (2014). Performance of dairy cows in pasture supplemented with levels of concentrate and crude protein. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 35(6), 3287-3304. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2014v35n6p3287
Peres, A. A. C., Carvalho, C. A. B., Carvalho, M. I. A. B., Vasquez, H. M., Silva, J. F. C., Clipes, R. C., & Morenz, M. J. F. (2012). Production and quality of milk from Mantiqueira dairy cows feeding on Mombasa grass pasture and receiving different sources of roughage supplementation. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(3), 790-796. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000300044
Ribas, W. F. G., Monção, F. P., Rocha, V. R. Jr., Maranhão, C. M. A., Ferreira, H. C., Santos, A. S., Gomes, V. M., & Rigueira, J. P. S. (2021). Effect of wilting time and enzymatic-bacterial inoculant on the fermentative profile, aerobic stability, and nutritional value of BRS capiaçu grass silage. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 50(e20200207), 1-13. doi: 10.37496/rbz5020200207
Santana, P. F., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Ruas, J. R. M., Monção, F. P., Borges, L. A., Rigueira, J. P. S.,... Gomes, V. M. (2019a). Feed restriction of F1 Holstein × Zebu cows in the final third of lactation modifies intake, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, and performance. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 48(e20180130), 1-10. doi: 10.1590/rbz4820180130
Santana, P. F., Rocha, V. R., Jr., Ruas, J. R. M., Monção, F. P., Borges, L. A., Sousa, T. E. S., & Sales, E. C. J. (2019b). Nutritional efficiency of feed-restricted F1 Holstein/Zebu cows during the middle third of lactation, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 33(2), 236-244. doi: 10.5713/ajas.18.0795
Santos, S. A., Valadares, S. C., Fº., Detmann, E., Ruas, J. R. M., Prados, L. F., Amaral, P. M., & Mariz, L. D. S. (2012). Intake, digestibility and nitrogen use efficiency in crossbred F1 Holstein × Zebu grazing cows. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(4), 1025-1034. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000400027
Santos, S. A., Valadares, S. C., Detmann, E., Ruas, J. R. M., Prados, L. F., & Mariz, L. D. S. (2014). Intake, milk production and weight change curves for lactating Holstein x Zebu cows under grazing. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 66(3), 827-836. doi: 10.1590/1678-41626201
Statistical Analysis System Institute (2008). SAS/STAT 9.2 Users guide. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute, Inc.
Schingoethe, D. J. (1996). Dietary influence on protein level in milk and milk yield in dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 60(3-4), 181-190. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(96)00975-3
Sklan, D., Ashkenazi, R., Braun, A., Devorin, A., & Tabori, K. (1992). Fatty acids, calcium soaps of fatty acids and cottonseeds fed to high yielding cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(9), 2463-2472. doi: 10.3168/jds. S0022-0302(92)78008-4
Sousa, D. O., Oliveira, C. A., Velasqueza, A. V., Souza, M., Chevaux, E., Mari, L. J., & Silva, L. F. P. (2018). Live yeast supplementation improves rumen fibre degradation in cattle grazing tropical pastures throughout the year. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 236(1), 149-158. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2017.12.015
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant (2a ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University.
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2022-02-28
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Souza, G. R. de, Rigueira, J. P. S., Ruas, J. R. M., Gomes, V. M., Rocha Júnior, V. R., Monção, F. P., … Silva, E. A. da. (2022). Supplementation strategies for lactating F1 Holstein x Zebu cows on deferred pastures. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(3), 1065–1078. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n3p1065
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