Energy value of babassu cake as substitute bulk in sheep diets
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3Supl1p1967Keywords:
Indirect calorimetry, Energy metabolism, Methane, Agro-industrial by-product.Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy value of diets containing babassu cake as a replacement for Tifton-85 hay (70, 140, 210, 280 and 350 g kg-1 dry matter, DM), using the technique of indirect calorimetry. Twenty-five castrated male Santa Inês sheep, with an average body weight of 49.6 + 9.4 kg, were used in a completely randomised design. The trial was carried out in an individual open-flow respirometry chamber for small ruminants, with each animal remaining for 24 hours inside the chamber. Gross energy and net energy intake were not affected by adding the cake. Digestible energy intake and metabolisable energy intake showed a linear response, ranging from 145.44 to 178.40 and from 121.85 to 158.08 kcal kg-0.75 day-1 respectively. The energy lost through faeces and methane (% of gross energy intake, GEI) showed decreasing linear behaviour, while the caloric increase, in %GEI, showed a quadratic response. The values for digestible energy and metabolisability presented an increasing linear response. The partial efficiency of use of metabolisable energy for maintenance ranged from 0.71 to 0.81, and showed a quadratic response; however, the net energy values did not differ. For every 10 g of added by-product, there was a reduction of 0.31 g of methane per kg of DM intake. The addition of babassu cake to replace up to 350 g kg-1 DM in sheep diets increases the energy efficiency of the diet and reduces methane emission by the animals.Metrics
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References
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Gomes, S. P., Borges, I., Borges, A. L. C. C., Macedo, G. L., Jr., Campos, W. E., & Brito, T. S. (2012). Tamanho de partícula do volumoso e frequência de alimentação sobre o metabolismo energético e protéico em ovinos, considerando dietas com elevada participação de concentrado. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 13(3), 732-744. doi: 10.1590/S1519-99402012000300013
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Ribeiro, G. O., Jr., Teixeira, A. M., Velasco, F. O., Faria, W. G., Jr., Jayme, D. G., Maurício, R. M.,... McAllister, T. A. (2015). Methane production and energy partitioning in sheep fed Andropogon gayanus grass ensiled at three regrowth stages. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 95(1), 103-110. doi: 10.4141/CJAS-2014-074
Rodriguez, N. M., Campos, W. E., Lachica, M. L., Borges, I., Gonçalves, L. C., Borges, A. L. C. C., & Saliba, E. O. S. (2007). A calorimetry system for metabolism trials. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 59(2), 495-500. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352007000200033
Silva, D. J., & Queiroz, A. C. (2002). Análise de alimentos: métodos químicos e biológicos (3a ed.). Viçosa, MG: UFV.
Sniffen, C. J., O’Connor, D. J., Van Soest, P. J., Fox, D. G., & Russell, J. B. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70(11), 3562-3577. doi: 10.2527/1992.70113562x
Tangjitwattanachai, N., Phaowphaisal, M. O., & Sommart, K. (2015). Enteric methane emission, energetic efficiency and energy requirements for the maintenance of beef cattle in the tropics. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 49(4), 399-407. doi: 10.6090/jarq.49.399
Blaxter, K. L., & Clapperton, J. L. (1965). Prediction of the amount of methane produced by ruminants. British Journal of Nutrition, 19(1), 511-522. doi: 10.1079/BJN19650046
Carrera, R. A. B., Veloso, C. M., Knupp, L. S., Souza, A. H., Jr., Detmann, E., & Lana, R. P. (2012). Protein co-products and by-products of the biodiesel industry for ruminants feeding. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(5), 1202-1211. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000500018
Freitas, M. A. G. D., Siqueira, G. B., & Siqueira, F. L. T. (2014). Avaliação do uso do resíduo farelo de babaçu (Orbignya sp) na alimentação de ruminantes. Interações (Campo Grande), 15(1), 59-70. doi: 10.1590/S1518-70122014000100006
Gomes, S. P., Borges, I., Borges, A. L. C. C., Macedo, G. L., Jr., Campos, W. E., & Brito, T. S. (2012). Tamanho de partícula do volumoso e frequência de alimentação sobre o metabolismo energético e protéico em ovinos, considerando dietas com elevada participação de concentrado. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 13(3), 732-744. doi: 10.1590/S1519-99402012000300013
Grainger, C., & Beauchemin, K. A. (2011). Can enteric methane emissions from ruminants be lowered without lowering their production? Animal Feed Science and Technology, 166(Special Issue), 308-320. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.021
Jenkins, T. C., & Harvatine, K. J. (2014). Lipid feeding and milk fat depression. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 30(3), 623-642. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2014.07.006
Knapp, J. R., Laur, G. L., Vadas, P. A., Weiss, W. P., & Tricarico, J. M. (2014). Invited review: enteric methane in dairy cattle production: Quantifying the opportunities and impact of reducing emissions. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(6), 3231-3261. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7234
López, M. C., & Fernández, C. (2013). Energy partitioning and substrate oxidation by Murciano-Granadina goats during mid lactation fed soy hulls and corn gluten feed blend as a replacement for corn grain. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(7), 4542-4552. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-6473
Machado, F. S., Rodriguez, N. M., Gonçalves, L. C., Rodrigues, J. A. S., Ribas, M. N., Pôssas, F. P.,... Tomich, T. R. (2015). Energy partitioning and methane emission by sheep fed sorghum silages at different maturation stages. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 67(3), 790-800. doi: 10.1590/1678-4162-7177
Meale, S. J., Chaves, A. V., Baah, J., & McAllister, T. A. (2012). Methane production of different forages in in vitro ruminal fermentation. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 25(1), 86-91. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11249
Miotto, F. R. C., Restle, J., Neiva, J. N. M., Maciel, R. P., & Fernandes, J. R. (2012). Consumo e digestibilidade de dietas contend níveis de farelo do mesocarpo de babaçu para ovinos. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 43(4), 792-801. doi: 10.1590/S1806-66902012000400022
National Research Council (2007). Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Nielsen, M. O., Kiani, A., Tejada, E., Chawlibog, A., & Alstrup, L. (2014). Energy metabolism and methane production in llamas, sheep and goats fed high-and low-quality grass-based diets. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 68(3), 171-185. doi: 10.1080/1745039X.2014.912039
Palmquist, D. L., & Jenkins, T. C. (2017). A 100-year review: fat feeding of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(12), 10061-10077. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-12924
Regadas, J. G. L., Fº., Pereira, E. S., Villarroel, A. B. S., Pimentel, P. G., Fontenele, R. M., Costa, M. R. G.,... Sombra, W. A. (2011). Efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for maintenance and gain and evaluation of Small Ruminant Nutrition System model in Santa Ines sheep. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(11), 2558-2564. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011001100038
Ribeiro, G. O., Jr., Teixeira, A. M., Velasco, F. O., Faria, W. G., Jr., Jayme, D. G., Maurício, R. M.,... McAllister, T. A. (2015). Methane production and energy partitioning in sheep fed Andropogon gayanus grass ensiled at three regrowth stages. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 95(1), 103-110. doi: 10.4141/CJAS-2014-074
Rodriguez, N. M., Campos, W. E., Lachica, M. L., Borges, I., Gonçalves, L. C., Borges, A. L. C. C., & Saliba, E. O. S. (2007). A calorimetry system for metabolism trials. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 59(2), 495-500. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352007000200033
Silva, D. J., & Queiroz, A. C. (2002). Análise de alimentos: métodos químicos e biológicos (3a ed.). Viçosa, MG: UFV.
Sniffen, C. J., O’Connor, D. J., Van Soest, P. J., Fox, D. G., & Russell, J. B. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70(11), 3562-3577. doi: 10.2527/1992.70113562x
Tangjitwattanachai, N., Phaowphaisal, M. O., & Sommart, K. (2015). Enteric methane emission, energetic efficiency and energy requirements for the maintenance of beef cattle in the tropics. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 49(4), 399-407. doi: 10.6090/jarq.49.399
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2021-04-22
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Castro, K. J. de, Gomes, S. P., Borges, I., Miotto, F. R. C., Pimentel, P. G., Pinto, A. P., Moreira, G. R., & Neiva, J. N. M. (2021). Energy value of babassu cake as substitute bulk in sheep diets. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(3Supl1), 1967–1980. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3Supl1p1967
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