Xylanase and ?-glucanase in maize- and soybean meal-based diets
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6Supl2p3259Keywords:
Antinutritional factors, Exogenous enzymes, Metabolizable energy, NSPs.Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different xylanase and ?-glucanase enzyme blends to maize- and soybean meal-based diets on performance and energy metabolizability in broilers. Two experiments were carried out with broilers of the COBB 500 strain. In the first experiment, 1960 chicks were assigned to a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement, totaling seven treatments, namely, T1- Positive control (PC); T2 - Negative control 1 (NC1; PC minus 200 kcal kg-1 ME); T3 - NC1 + Blend A; T4 - NC1 + Blend B; T5 - Negative control 2 (NC2; PC minus 167 kcal kg-1 ME and 5% amino acids); T6 - NC2 + Blend A; and T7 - NC2 + Blend B. Fourteen replicates were used per treatment and 20 birds per experimental unit. The parameters evaluated at 21 and 42 days of age were weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FC). At 42 days, production efficiency index (PEI), viability and the yields of cuts were also calculated. Birds that received diets with a reduced nutritional value showed a reduction in WG and PEI and worsened FC as compared those of PC treatment (p < 0.05). However, the birds that consumed the NC2 diet with Blend B exhibited a similar WG to those in PC group (p > 0.05) from 1 to 21 days of life. For the yield of thigh + drumstick, the factors were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to those observed in the PC birds. In the second experiment, 432 fourteen-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, with eight replicates per treatment and six birds per experimental unit. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) values were determined. Overall, the NC2 diet with Blend B provided the highest AME and AMEn values; however, NC1 with the same enzyme blend was the treatment which provided the lowest values. The addition of xylanase and ?-glucanase enzyme blends to maize- and soybean meal-based diets improves WG at 21 days as well as PEI in broilers; however, it does not influence the yield of cuts. Enzymes (Blend B) improve the energy metabolization of broiler diets with reduced energy and amino acid levels.Downloads
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References
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Baziz, H. A., Geraert, P. A., Padilha, J. C. F., & Guillaumin, S. (1996). Chronic heat exposure enhances fat deposition and modifies muscle and fat partition in broiler carcasses. Poultry Science, 75(4), 505-513. doi: 10.3382/ps.0750505
Cardoso, D. M., Maciel, M. P., Passos, D. P., Silva, F. V., Reis, S. T., & Aiura, F. S. (2011). Efeito do uso de complexo enzimático em rações para frangos de corte. Archivos de Zootecnia, 60(232), 1053-1064. doi: 10.4321/S0004-05922011000400021
Cowieson, A. J. (2005). Factors that affect the nutritional value of maize for broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 119(3-4), 293-305. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.12.017
Cowieson, A. J. (2010). Strategic selection of exogenous enzymes for corn/soy-based poultry diets. The Journal of Poultry Science, 47(1), 1-7. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.009045
Cowieson, A. J., & Ravindran, V. (2008). Effect of exogenous enzymes in maize-based diets varying in nutrient density for young broilers: growth performance and digestibility of energy, minerals and amino acids. British Poultry Science, 49(1), 37-44. doi: 10.1080/00071660701812989
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Fischer, G., Maier, J. C., Rutz, F., & Bermudez, V. L. (2002). Desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, com ou sem adição de enzimas. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 31(1), 402-410. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982002000200015
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Francesch, M., & Geraert, P. A. (2009). Enzyme complex containing carbohydrases and phytase improves growth performance and bone mineralization of broilers fed reduced nutrient corn-soybean-based diets. Poultry Science, 88(9), 1915-1924. doi: 10.3382/ps.2009-00073
Garcia, E. R. D. M., Murakami, A. E., Branco, A. F., Furlan, A. C., & Moreira, I. (2000). Efeito da suplementação enzimática em rações com farelo de soja e soja integral extrusada sobre a digestibilidade de nutrientes, o fluxo de nutrientes na digesta ileal e o desempenho de frangos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 29(5), 1414-1426. doi: 10.1590/s1516-35982000000500020
González-Ortiz, G., Olukosi, O., & Bedford, M. R. (2016). Evaluation of the effect of different wheats and xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient and energy utilization in broiler chicks. Animal Nutrition, 2(3), 173-179. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.06.005Get
Gopinger, E., Krabbe, E. L., Surek, D., Lopes, L. D. S., & Avila, V. S. (2017). Live performance, carcass, and bone quality responses of grower and finisher broilers to dietary metabolizable energy levels. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 19(4), 559-566. doi: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-050
Kocher, A., Choct, M., Ross, G., Broz, J., & Chung, T. K. (2003). Effects of enzyme combinations on apparent metabolizable energy of corn-soybean meal-based diets in broilers. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 12(3), 275-283. doi: 10.1093/japr/12.3.275
Lei, X. J., Lee, J. S., Park, J. H., Lee, I. S., Ingale, S., & Kim, I. H. (2017). Influence of exogenous multi-enzymes in broiler chickens fed on maize-wheat-soybean meal-based diets. European Poultry Science, 81. doi: 10.1399/eps.2017.210
Leite, P. R. D. S. D., Leandro, N. S. M., Stringhini, J. H., Café, M. B., Gomes, N. A., & Jardim, R. D. M., Fº. (2011). Desempenho de frangos de corte e digestibilidade de rações com sorgo ou milheto e complexo enzimático. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 46(3), 280-286. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2011000300 008
Liu, W. C., & Kim, I. H. (2017). Effects of dietary xylanase supplementation on performance and functional digestive parameters in broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poultry Science, 96(3), 566-573. doi: 10.3382/ps/ pew258
Meneghetti, C. (2013). Associação de enzimas em rações para frangos de corte. Tese de doutorado em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras. Lavras, MG, Brasil.
Meng, X., Slominski, B. A., Nyachoti, C. M., Campbell, L. D., & Guenter, W. (2005). Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by combinations of carbohydrase enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chicken performance. Poultry Science, 84(1), 37-47. doi: 10.1093/ps/84.1.37
Moura, F. A. S., Dourado, L. R. B., Farias, L. A., Lopes, J. B., Lima, S. B. P., & Fernandes, M. L. (2019). Complexos enzimáticos sobre a energia metabolizável e digestibilidade dos nutrientes do milheto para frangos de corte. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 71(3), 990-996. doi: 10.159 0/1678-4162-10021
Munyaka, P. M., Nandha, N. K., Kiarie, E., Nyachoti, C. M., & Khafipour, E. (2016). Impact of combined β-glucanase and xylanase enzymes on growth performance, nutrients utilization and gut microbiota in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat-based diets. Poultry Science, 95(3), 528-540. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev333
Noblet, J., Henry, Y., & Dubois, S. (1987). Effect of protein and lysine levels in the diet on body gain composition and energy utilization in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 65(3), 717-726. doi: 10. 2527/jas1987.653717x
Oba, A., Lopes, P. C. F., Boiago, M. M., Silva, A. M. S., Montassier, H. J., & Souza, P. A. D. (2012). Características produtivas e imunológicas de frangos de corte submetidos a dietas suplementadas com cromo, criados sob diferentes condições de ambiente. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(5), 1186-1192. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000500016
Olukosi, O. A., Cowieson, A. J., & Adeola, O. (2008). Energy utilization and growth performance of broilers receiving diets supplemented with enzymes containing carbohydrase or phytase activity individually or in combination. British Journal of Nutrition, 99(3), 682-690. doi: 10.1017/s0007114507815807
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Rostagno, H. S., Albino, L. F. T., Donzele, J. L., Gomes, P. C., Oliveira, R. F., Lopes, D. C., & Barreto, S. L. T. (2017). Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos; composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais. Viçosa, MG: UF, Departamento de Zootecnia.
Roth, F. X., Gotterbarm, G. G., Windisch, W., & Kirchgessner, M. (1999). Influence of dietary level of dispensable amino acids on nitrogen balance and whole-body protein turnover in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition (Germany), 81, 232-238.
Roth, F. X., Gotterbarm, G. G., Windisch, W., & Kirchgessner, M. (1999). Influence of dietary level of dispensable amino acids on nitrogen balance and whole-body protein turnover in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 81, 232-238.
Sakomura, N. K., & Rostagno, H. S. (2016). Métodos de pesquisa em nutrição de monogástricos (2a ed.). Jaboticabal: FUNEP.
Santos, T. T. dos, O'Neill, H. V. M., González-Ortiz, G., Camacho-Fernández, D., & López-Coello, C. (2017). Xylanase, protease and superdosing phytase interactions in broiler performance, carcass yield and digesta transit time. Animal Nutrition, 3(2), 121-126. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.02.001
Silva, D. M. da, Rodrigues, D. R., Gouveia, A. B. V. S., Mesquita, S. A., Santos, F. R. dos, & Minafra, C. S. (2016). Carboidrases em rações de frangos de corte. PUBVET, 10(11), 795-872. doi: 10.22256/pubvet. v10n11.861-872
Statistical Analysis System Institute (2009). Using JMP student edition for Windows and Macintosh: the user's guide to statistics with JMP student edition. Cary: SAS institute.
Souza, R. M. D., Bertechini, A. G., Sousa, R. V. D., Rodrigues, P. B., Carvalho, J. C. C. D., & Brito, J. Á. G. D. (2008). Efeitos da suplementação enzimática e da forma física da ração sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de frangos de corte. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 32(2), 584-590. doi: 10.1590/ S1413-7054200800020003
Temim, S., Chagneau, A. M., Guillaumin, S., Michel, J., Peresson, R., & Tesseraud, S. (2000). Does excess dietary protein improve growth performance and carcass characteristics in heat-exposed chickens? Poultry Science, 79(3), 312-317. doi: 10.1093/ps/79.3.312
West, M. L., Corzo, A., DozierIii, W. A., Blair, M. E., & Kidd, M. T. (2007). Assessment of dietary Rovabio Excel in practical United States broiler diets. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16(3), 313-321. doi: 10.1093/japr/16.3.313
Woyengo, T. A., & Nyachoti, C. M. (2011). Review: supplementation of phytase and carbohydrases to diets for poultry. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 91(2), 177-192. doi: 10.4141/cjas10081
Zanella, I., Sakomura, N., Silversides, F., Fiqueirdo, A., & Pack, M. (1999). Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans. Poultry Science, 78(4), 561-568. doi: 10. 1093/ps/78.4.561
Barbosa, N. A. A., Bonato, M. A., Sakomura, N. K., Dourado, L. R. B., Fernandes, J. B. K., & Kawauchi, I. M. (2014). Digestibilidade ileal de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas suplementadas com enzimas exógenas. Comunicata Scientiae, 5(4), 361-369. doi: 10.14295/cs.v5i4.460
Baziz, H. A., Geraert, P. A., Padilha, J. C. F., & Guillaumin, S. (1996). Chronic heat exposure enhances fat deposition and modifies muscle and fat partition in broiler carcasses. Poultry Science, 75(4), 505-513. doi: 10.3382/ps.0750505
Cardoso, D. M., Maciel, M. P., Passos, D. P., Silva, F. V., Reis, S. T., & Aiura, F. S. (2011). Efeito do uso de complexo enzimático em rações para frangos de corte. Archivos de Zootecnia, 60(232), 1053-1064. doi: 10.4321/S0004-05922011000400021
Cowieson, A. J. (2005). Factors that affect the nutritional value of maize for broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 119(3-4), 293-305. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.12.017
Cowieson, A. J. (2010). Strategic selection of exogenous enzymes for corn/soy-based poultry diets. The Journal of Poultry Science, 47(1), 1-7. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.009045
Cowieson, A. J., & Ravindran, V. (2008). Effect of exogenous enzymes in maize-based diets varying in nutrient density for young broilers: growth performance and digestibility of energy, minerals and amino acids. British Poultry Science, 49(1), 37-44. doi: 10.1080/00071660701812989
Dalólio, F. S., Moreira, J., Vaz, D. P., Albino, L. F. T., Valadares, L. R., Pires, A. V., & Pinheiro, S. R. F. (2016). Exogenous enzymes in diets for broilers. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 17(2), 149-161. doi: 10.1590/S1519-99402016000200003
Dessimoni, G. V., Sakomura, N. K., Donato, D. C. Z., Soares, L., Sarcinelli, M. F., Malheiros, E. B., & Dalólio, F. S. (2019). Growth performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens in response to carbohydrases and its association with phytase. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 71(3), 983-989. doi: 10.1590/1678-4162-10345
Fischer, G., Maier, J. C., Rutz, F., & Bermudez, V. L. (2002). Desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, com ou sem adição de enzimas. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 31(1), 402-410. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982002000200015
Fortes, B. D. A., Café, M. B., Stringhini, J. H., Brito, J. Á. G. D., Rezende, P. L. D. P., & Silva, R. D. (2012). Avaliação de programas nutricionais com a utilização de carboidrases e fitase em rações de frangos de corte. Ciência Animal Brasileira, 13(1), 24-32. doi: 10.5216/cab.v13i1.8705
Francesch, M., & Geraert, P. A. (2009). Enzyme complex containing carbohydrases and phytase improves growth performance and bone mineralization of broilers fed reduced nutrient corn-soybean-based diets. Poultry Science, 88(9), 1915-1924. doi: 10.3382/ps.2009-00073
Garcia, E. R. D. M., Murakami, A. E., Branco, A. F., Furlan, A. C., & Moreira, I. (2000). Efeito da suplementação enzimática em rações com farelo de soja e soja integral extrusada sobre a digestibilidade de nutrientes, o fluxo de nutrientes na digesta ileal e o desempenho de frangos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 29(5), 1414-1426. doi: 10.1590/s1516-35982000000500020
González-Ortiz, G., Olukosi, O., & Bedford, M. R. (2016). Evaluation of the effect of different wheats and xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient and energy utilization in broiler chicks. Animal Nutrition, 2(3), 173-179. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.06.005Get
Gopinger, E., Krabbe, E. L., Surek, D., Lopes, L. D. S., & Avila, V. S. (2017). Live performance, carcass, and bone quality responses of grower and finisher broilers to dietary metabolizable energy levels. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 19(4), 559-566. doi: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-050
Kocher, A., Choct, M., Ross, G., Broz, J., & Chung, T. K. (2003). Effects of enzyme combinations on apparent metabolizable energy of corn-soybean meal-based diets in broilers. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 12(3), 275-283. doi: 10.1093/japr/12.3.275
Lei, X. J., Lee, J. S., Park, J. H., Lee, I. S., Ingale, S., & Kim, I. H. (2017). Influence of exogenous multi-enzymes in broiler chickens fed on maize-wheat-soybean meal-based diets. European Poultry Science, 81. doi: 10.1399/eps.2017.210
Leite, P. R. D. S. D., Leandro, N. S. M., Stringhini, J. H., Café, M. B., Gomes, N. A., & Jardim, R. D. M., Fº. (2011). Desempenho de frangos de corte e digestibilidade de rações com sorgo ou milheto e complexo enzimático. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 46(3), 280-286. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2011000300 008
Liu, W. C., & Kim, I. H. (2017). Effects of dietary xylanase supplementation on performance and functional digestive parameters in broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poultry Science, 96(3), 566-573. doi: 10.3382/ps/ pew258
Meneghetti, C. (2013). Associação de enzimas em rações para frangos de corte. Tese de doutorado em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras. Lavras, MG, Brasil.
Meng, X., Slominski, B. A., Nyachoti, C. M., Campbell, L. D., & Guenter, W. (2005). Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by combinations of carbohydrase enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chicken performance. Poultry Science, 84(1), 37-47. doi: 10.1093/ps/84.1.37
Moura, F. A. S., Dourado, L. R. B., Farias, L. A., Lopes, J. B., Lima, S. B. P., & Fernandes, M. L. (2019). Complexos enzimáticos sobre a energia metabolizável e digestibilidade dos nutrientes do milheto para frangos de corte. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 71(3), 990-996. doi: 10.159 0/1678-4162-10021
Munyaka, P. M., Nandha, N. K., Kiarie, E., Nyachoti, C. M., & Khafipour, E. (2016). Impact of combined β-glucanase and xylanase enzymes on growth performance, nutrients utilization and gut microbiota in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat-based diets. Poultry Science, 95(3), 528-540. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev333
Noblet, J., Henry, Y., & Dubois, S. (1987). Effect of protein and lysine levels in the diet on body gain composition and energy utilization in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 65(3), 717-726. doi: 10. 2527/jas1987.653717x
Oba, A., Lopes, P. C. F., Boiago, M. M., Silva, A. M. S., Montassier, H. J., & Souza, P. A. D. (2012). Características produtivas e imunológicas de frangos de corte submetidos a dietas suplementadas com cromo, criados sob diferentes condições de ambiente. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(5), 1186-1192. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000500016
Olukosi, O. A., Cowieson, A. J., & Adeola, O. (2008). Energy utilization and growth performance of broilers receiving diets supplemented with enzymes containing carbohydrase or phytase activity individually or in combination. British Journal of Nutrition, 99(3), 682-690. doi: 10.1017/s0007114507815807
R Core Team (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/
Rostagno, H. S., Albino, L. F. T., Donzele, J. L., Gomes, P. C., Oliveira, R. F., Lopes, D. C., & Barreto, S. L. T. (2017). Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos; composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais. Viçosa, MG: UF, Departamento de Zootecnia.
Roth, F. X., Gotterbarm, G. G., Windisch, W., & Kirchgessner, M. (1999). Influence of dietary level of dispensable amino acids on nitrogen balance and whole-body protein turnover in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition (Germany), 81, 232-238.
Roth, F. X., Gotterbarm, G. G., Windisch, W., & Kirchgessner, M. (1999). Influence of dietary level of dispensable amino acids on nitrogen balance and whole-body protein turnover in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 81, 232-238.
Sakomura, N. K., & Rostagno, H. S. (2016). Métodos de pesquisa em nutrição de monogástricos (2a ed.). Jaboticabal: FUNEP.
Santos, T. T. dos, O'Neill, H. V. M., González-Ortiz, G., Camacho-Fernández, D., & López-Coello, C. (2017). Xylanase, protease and superdosing phytase interactions in broiler performance, carcass yield and digesta transit time. Animal Nutrition, 3(2), 121-126. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.02.001
Silva, D. M. da, Rodrigues, D. R., Gouveia, A. B. V. S., Mesquita, S. A., Santos, F. R. dos, & Minafra, C. S. (2016). Carboidrases em rações de frangos de corte. PUBVET, 10(11), 795-872. doi: 10.22256/pubvet. v10n11.861-872
Statistical Analysis System Institute (2009). Using JMP student edition for Windows and Macintosh: the user's guide to statistics with JMP student edition. Cary: SAS institute.
Souza, R. M. D., Bertechini, A. G., Sousa, R. V. D., Rodrigues, P. B., Carvalho, J. C. C. D., & Brito, J. Á. G. D. (2008). Efeitos da suplementação enzimática e da forma física da ração sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de frangos de corte. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 32(2), 584-590. doi: 10.1590/ S1413-7054200800020003
Temim, S., Chagneau, A. M., Guillaumin, S., Michel, J., Peresson, R., & Tesseraud, S. (2000). Does excess dietary protein improve growth performance and carcass characteristics in heat-exposed chickens? Poultry Science, 79(3), 312-317. doi: 10.1093/ps/79.3.312
West, M. L., Corzo, A., DozierIii, W. A., Blair, M. E., & Kidd, M. T. (2007). Assessment of dietary Rovabio Excel in practical United States broiler diets. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16(3), 313-321. doi: 10.1093/japr/16.3.313
Woyengo, T. A., & Nyachoti, C. M. (2011). Review: supplementation of phytase and carbohydrases to diets for poultry. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 91(2), 177-192. doi: 10.4141/cjas10081
Zanella, I., Sakomura, N., Silversides, F., Fiqueirdo, A., & Pack, M. (1999). Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans. Poultry Science, 78(4), 561-568. doi: 10. 1093/ps/78.4.561
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2020-11-06
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Diana, T. F., Albino, L. F. T., Rostagno, H. S., Almeida, B. F. de, Xavier Júnior, M. de L., Aleixo, P. E., … Calderano, A. A. (2020). Xylanase and ?-glucanase in maize- and soybean meal-based diets. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(6Supl2), 3259–3274. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6Supl2p3259
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