Identification of Leishmania spp. in horses and a dog from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6p2687Keywords:
Domestic animals, Leishmaniasis, PCR, Public health, Western border.Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan of the genus Leishmania. The disease is transmitted by the bite of a sand fly vector. Although the main reservoirs are dogs, other hosts can be infected and may play this role. Rio Grande do Sul western region, located on the triple border of Brazil-Uruguay-Argentina, represents a VL transmission area. The goal of the present study was to identify Leishmania spp. infection in animals from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul. Nine farms in the Uruguaiana municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, were included. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 113 animals (canine [n=22], equine [n=91]) for detection of Leishmania spp. DNA was isolated and polymerase chain reaction was performed. Eight (7%) animals with Leishmania spp. infection were detected on two farms in the same geographical area, seven of which were horses and one was canine, all of which were asymptomatic. To investigate the species of Leishmania, one of the positive equine samples was subjected to direct sequencing, which confirmed the presence of L. infantum genetic material. Results of this study confirm the presence of L. infantum-infected animals in rural areas of Uruguaiana, and provide evidence supporting further investigation of risk factors for dissemination in such areas.Downloads
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References
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Berrozpe, P., Lamattina, D., Santini, M. S., Araujo, A. V., Utgés, M. E., & Salomón, O. D. (2017). Environmental suitability for Lutzomyia longipalpis in a subtropical city with a recently established visceral leishmaniasis transmission cycle, Argentina. Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 112(10), 674-680. doi: 10.1590/0074-02760170056
Ceccarelli, M., Galluzzi, L., Diotallevi, A., Andreoni, F., Fowler, H., Petersen, C., Vitale, F., Magnani, M. (2017). The use of kDNA minicircle subclass relative abundance to differentiate between Leishmania (L.) infantum and Leishmania ( L.) amazonensis. Parasites & Vectors, 239(10), 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s1 3071-017-2181-x
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017). Parasites- Leishmaniasis. CDC 24/7 Saving lives, Protecting people™. Recovered from https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/leishmaniasis/index.html
Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde (2017). Situação epidemiológica da Leishmaniose Visceral no Rio Grande do Sul. Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Secretaria de Saúde.
Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde (2019). Leishmaniose visceral humana. Situação epidemiológica/dados. Recuperado de https://cevs.rs.gov.br/lvh-situacao-epidemiologica-dados
Costa, T. A. C., Rossi, C. N., Laurenti, M. D., Gomes, A. A. D., Vides, J. P., Sobrinho, L. S. V., & Marcondes, M. (2010). Ocorrência de leishmaniose em gatos de área endêmica para leishmaniose visceral. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 47(3), 213-217. doi: 10.11606/ issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2010.26858
Dantas-Torres, F. (2007). The role of dogs as reservoirs of Leishmania parasites, with emphasis on Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Veterinary Parasitology, 149(3-4), 139-146. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.007
Deboni, S. C., Barbosa, M., & Ramos, R. R. (2011). Vigilância epidemiológica de casos humanos. Boletim Epidemiológico. Porto Alegre: Centro Estadual de Vigilância Em Saúde [CEVS].
Escobar, T. A., Döwich, G., Cantele, L. C., Zuravski, L., Ferrareze, P. A. G., Duarte, C. A., Rosa e Silva, L. K., Lübeck, I., Manfredini, V. (2019a). Molecular detection of Leishmania spp. in Brazilian cross border south region mammalian hosts. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 476-480. doi: 10.1111/ tbed.13361
Escobar, T. A., Döwich, G., Santos, T. P. dos, Zuravski, L., Duarte, C. A., Lübeck, I., & Manfredini, V. (2019b). Assessment of Leishmania infantum infection in equine populations in a canine visceral leishmaniosis transmission area. BMC Veterinary Research, 15(381), 1-9. doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2108-1
Escobar, T. A., Döwich, G., Zuravski, L., Cantele, L. C., Duarte, C. A., & Lübeck, I. (2018). Risk factors associated to canine visceral leishmaniasis in uruguaiana city, Brazil. Semina: Ciencias Agrárias, 39(1), 211-220. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n1p211
Feitosa, F. L. F., Leal, J., Mendes, L. C. N., Peiró, J. R., Perri, S. H. V, Lima, V. M. F. de, & Marcondes, M. (2012). Estudo soroepidemiológico de leishmaniose em equinos na região de Araçatuba-SP, Brasil, área endêmica para leishmaniose visceral. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 49(6), 500-502. doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v49i6p500-502.
Iniesta, L., Fernández-Barredo, S., Bulle, B., Gómez, M. T., Piarroux, R., Gállego, M., Alunda, J. M., Portús, M. (2002). Diagnostic techniques to detect cryptic leishmaniasis in dogs. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 9(5), 1137-1141. doi: 10.1128/CDLI.9.5.1137
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2017). IBGE cidades. Recuperado de https://cidades.ibge.gov. br/brasil/rs/uruguaiana/panorama
Lachaud, L., Marchergui-Hammami, S., Chabbert, E., Dereure, J., Dedet, J. P., & Bastien, P. (2002). Comparison of six PCR methods using peripheral blood for detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40(1), 210-215. doi: 10.1128/JCM.40.1.210-215.2002
Mahmud, I. C., Piassini, L. de A. S., Motta, F., Behar, P. R. P., & Souza, G. D. (2019). Epidemiological aspects of the first human autochthonous visceral leishmaniosis cases in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 23(2), 124-129. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2019.04.004
Organización Panamericana de la Salud (2019). Manual de procedimientos para Vigilancia y Control de las Leishmaniasis en Las Américas. Washington, D. C.: Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
Rosa Cruz, C. F., Rosa Cruz, M., & Galati, E. A. B. (2013). Sandflies (Diptera:Psychodidae) in rural and urban environments in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 108(3), 303-311. doi: 10.1590/S0074-02762013000300008
Salomón, O. D., Basmajdian, Y., Fernández, M. S., & Santini, M. S. (2011). Lutzomyia longipalpis in uruguay: The first report and the potential of visceral leishmaniasis transmission. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 106(3), 381-382. doi: 10.1590/S0074-02762011000300023
Salomón, O. D., Sinagra, A., Nevot, M. C., Barberian, G., Paulin, P., Estevez, J. O., Riarte, A., Estevez, J. (2008). First visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 103(1), 109-111. doi: 10.1590/S0074-02762008000100018
Sambrook J, Russel DW (2001). Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. (3rd ed.). New York: Cold Spring Harbor.
Satragno, D., Faral-Tello, P., Canneva, B., Verger, L., Lozano, A., Vitale, E., Greif, G., Soto, C., Robello, C., Basmadjián, Y. (2017). Autochthonous outbreak and expansion of canine visceral Leishmaniasis, Uruguay. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 23(3), 536-538. doi: 10.3201/eid2303.160377
Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde (2019). Casos confirmados de Leishmaniose visceral, Brasil, grandes regiões e unidades federadas 1990 a 2018. Recuperado de https://portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2019/outubro/14/LV-Casos.pdf
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2020-09-19
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Pradella, G. D., Escobar, T. A., Duarte, C. A., Lübeck, I., Góss, G. C., Lagreca, L. F. J., … Romero, B. G. (2020). Identification of Leishmania spp. in horses and a dog from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(6), 2687–2694. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6p2687
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