Effects of breeder age and short-term temperature stimulation during incubation on performance, organ weight, and carcass yield in male and female broilers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2569Keywords:
Gastrointestinal tract, Hatch, Heat conditioning, Yolk.Abstract
Birds develop thermoregulatory control during the last days of incubation. Different temperature conditioning programs have been proposed to prepare broiler chicks for post-hatch life. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term temperature (STT) stimulation and breeder age on hatching performance, embryo development, yolk absorption, and post-hatch performance of male and female broilers. A 2 × 2 factorial completely randomized design was used, with two breeder ages (30 and 60 wk), two temperature incubation programs (control and STT), and 2,520 eggs per treatment. Eggs were distributed in two large-scale commercial incubators with a capacity of 120,960 eggs. The control group was subjected to a standard single-stage incubation program (37.2-37.4 °C), whereas the STT group was subjected to a temperature increment of 1 °C for 4 h on embryonic days 16, 17, 18, and 19. Embryos were analyzed at 16 and 19 days of incubation, and chicks at hatch. At 19 days of incubation, STT conditioning resulted in lower yolk sac weight in embryos from 60-wk-old breeders and higher relative weight of the gastrointestinal tract in embryos from 30-wk-old breeders. At hatch, males had lower residual yolk weight, females had greater length, and chicks from 60-wk-old breeders subjected to STT had higher body weight and relative weight of the gastrointestinal tract. Eggs from 30-wk-old breeders showed higher fertility and hatchability and lower infertility, mortality, and second-grade chick percentages. Regarding performance, it was found that males had higher body weight from 7 to 42 days of age and higher whole leg yields. Females, on the other hand, had higher fat yields. Breeder age and sex influenced gastrointestinal tract development, carcass yield, and performance. A 1 °C increase in incubation temperature for 4 h from days 16 to 19 of incubation affected yolk absorption and digestive tract development in chicks from 60-wk-old breeders without, however, influencing performance results.Downloads
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References
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Tzschentke, B., & Halle, I. (2009). Influence of temperature stimulation during the last 4 days of incubation on secondary sex ratio and later performance in male and female broiler chicks. British Poultry Science, 50(5), 634-640. doi: 10.1080/00071660903186570
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Weytjens, S., Meijerhof, R., Buyse, J., & Decuypere, E. (1999). Thermoregulation in chicks originating from breeder flocks of two different ages. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 8(2), 139-145. doi: 10.1093/ japr/8.2.139
Wijnen, H. J., Molenaar, R., Van Roovert-Reijrink, I. A. M., Van der Pol, C. W., Kemp, B., & Van den Brand, H. (2020). Effects of incubation temperature pattern on broiler performance. Poultry Science, 99(8), 3897-3907. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.010
Yadgary, L., Kedar, O., Adepeju, O., & Uni, Z. (2013). Changes in yolk sac membrane absorptive area and fat digestion during chick embryonic development. Poultry Science, 92(6), 1634-1640. doi: 10.3382/ps. 2012-02886
Zaboli, G. R., Rahimi, S., Shariatmadari, F., Torshizi, M. A. K., Baghbanzadeh, A., & Mehri, A. M. (2017). Thermal manipulation during pre and post-hatch on thermotolerance of male broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress. Poultry Science, 96(2), 478-485. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew344
Al-Zghoul, M. B., Sukker, H., & Ababneh, M. M. (2019). Effect of thermal manipulation of broiler embryos on the response to heat-induced oxidative stress. Poultry Science, 98(2), 991-1001. doi: 10.3382/ps pey 379
Collin, A., Berri, C., Tesseraud, S., Requena Rodon, F. E., Skiba-Cassy, S., Crochet, S., Yahav, S. (2007). Effects of thermal manipulation during early and late embryogenesis on thermotolerance and breast muscle characteristics in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 86(5), 795-800. doi: 10.1093/ps/86.5.795
Gous, R. M. (2010). Nutritional limitations on growth and development in poultry. Livestock Science, 130(1-3), 25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.02.007
Leksrisompong, N., Romero-Sanchez, H., Plumstead, P. W., Brannan, K. E., & Brake, J. (2007). Broiler incubation. 1. effect of elevated temperature during late incubation on body weight and organs of chicks. Poultry Science, 86(12), 2685-2691. doi: 10.3382/ps.2007-00170
Maatjens, C. M., Van Roovert-Reijrink, I. A. M, Engel, B., Van der Pol, C. W., Kemp, B., & Van den Brand, H. (2016). Temperature during the last week of incubation. I. Effects on hatching pattern and broiler chicken embryonic organ development. Poultry Science, 95(4), 956-965. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev447
Nangsuay, A., Meijerhof, R., Ruangpanit, Y., Kemp, B., & Van den Brand, H. (2013). Energy utilization and heat production of embryos from egg originating from young and old broiler breeder breeders. Poultry Science, 92(2), 474-482. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02643
Nangsuay, A., Meijerhof, R., Van den Anker, I., Heetkamp, M. J. W., Souza Morita, V. de, Kemp, B., & Van den Brand, H. (2016). Effects of breeder age, broiler strain, and eggshell temperature on development and physiological status of embryos and hatchlings. Poultry Science, 95(7), 1666-1679. doi: 10.3382/ps/ pew080
Nangsuay, A., Meijerhof, R., Van den Anker, I., Heetkamp, M. J. W., Kemp, B., & Van den Brand, H. (2015). Development and nutrient metabolism of embryos from two modern broiler strains. Poultry Science, 94(10), 2546-2554. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev234
Nangsuay, A., Ruangpanit, Y., Meijerhof, R., & Attamangkune, S. (2011). Yolk absorption and embryo development of small and large eggs originating from young and old breeder hens. Poultry Science, 90(11), 2648-2655. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01415
Narinc, D., Erdogan, S., Tahtabicen, E., & Aksoy, T. (2016). Effects of thermal manipulations during embryogenesis of broiler chickens on developmental stability, hatchability and chick quality. Animal, 10(8), 1328-1335. doi: 10.1017/S1751731116000276
Şahan, U., Ipek, A., & Sozcu, A. (2014). Yolk sac fatty acid composition, yolk absorption, embryo development, and chick quality during incubation in eggs from young and old broiler breeders. Poultry Science, 93(8), 2069-2077. doi: 10.3382/ps.2013-03850
Saleh, K. M. M., Tarkhan, A. H., & Al-Zghoul, M. B. (2020). Embryonic thermal manipulation affects the antioxidant response to post-hatch thermal exposure in broiler chickens. Animals, 10(126), 1-14. doi: 10.3390/ani10010126
Statistical Analysis System Institute (2012). SAS/STAT 9.4 User’s guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
Shinder, D., Rusal, M., Giloh, M., Druyan, S., Piestun, Y., & Yahav, S. (2011). Improvement of cold resistance and performance of broilers by acute cold exposure during late embryogenesis. Poultry Science, 90(3), 633-641. doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-01089
Tzschentke, B., & Halle, I. (2009). Influence of temperature stimulation during the last 4 days of incubation on secondary sex ratio and later performance in male and female broiler chicks. British Poultry Science, 50(5), 634-640. doi: 10.1080/00071660903186570
Tzschentke, B., & Rumpf, M. (2011). Embryonic development of endothermy. Respiratory Physiolology and Neurobiology, 178(1), 97-107. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.06.004
Tzschentke, B., & Tatge, S. (2013). Incubação circadiana®- “Treinamento térmico” embrionário para a robustez em aves. In M. Macari (Ed.), Manejo da incubação (pp. 136-142). Jaboticabal: Facta.
Uni, J., & Ferket, P. (2010). Alimentação in-ovo: impacto sobre o desenvolvimento intestinal, teor corporal de energia e desempenho. Anais da Conferência Facta 2010 de Ciência e Tecnologia Avícola, Santos, SP, Brasil.
Weytjens, S., Meijerhof, R., Buyse, J., & Decuypere, E. (1999). Thermoregulation in chicks originating from breeder flocks of two different ages. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 8(2), 139-145. doi: 10.1093/ japr/8.2.139
Wijnen, H. J., Molenaar, R., Van Roovert-Reijrink, I. A. M., Van der Pol, C. W., Kemp, B., & Van den Brand, H. (2020). Effects of incubation temperature pattern on broiler performance. Poultry Science, 99(8), 3897-3907. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.010
Yadgary, L., Kedar, O., Adepeju, O., & Uni, Z. (2013). Changes in yolk sac membrane absorptive area and fat digestion during chick embryonic development. Poultry Science, 92(6), 1634-1640. doi: 10.3382/ps. 2012-02886
Zaboli, G. R., Rahimi, S., Shariatmadari, F., Torshizi, M. A. K., Baghbanzadeh, A., & Mehri, A. M. (2017). Thermal manipulation during pre and post-hatch on thermotolerance of male broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress. Poultry Science, 96(2), 478-485. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew344
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Published
2021-05-20
How to Cite
Kaneko, I. N., Fernandes, J. I. M., Cristo, A. B. de, Cruz, F. K. da, & Santos, T. C. dos. (2021). Effects of breeder age and short-term temperature stimulation during incubation on performance, organ weight, and carcass yield in male and female broilers. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(4), 2569–2584. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2569
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