Condicionamento osmótico, ação antioxidativa e estresse térmico em sementes de girassol com diferentes níveis de vigor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3Supl1p1435Palavras-chave:
Estresse abiótico, Estresse oxidativo, Helianthus annuus L., Temperatura, Vigor de sementes.Resumo
A técnica de condicionamento osmótico reduz o período entre a semeadura e a emergência de mudas no campo, além de favorecer o desempenho das sementes em condições de estresse. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do condicionamento osmótico no desempenho fisiológico e na atividade enzimática antioxidativa de sementes de girassol com diferentes níveis de vigor e expostas ao estresse térmico. Foram utilizados três lotes de sementes de girassol, cultivar Hélio 250. Inicialmente, as sementes foram avaliadas pelos testes de germinação e vigor para caracterizar os lotes. Em seguida, foram condicionadas em solução de polietilenoglicol 6000 a -2,0 MPa, a 15 °C por 8 h. Posteriormente, as sementes condicionadas e não condicionadas foram testadas quanto à qualidade fisiológica (germinação, contagem de primeira germinação, porcentagem e índice de velocidade de emergência das plântulas e matéria seca das plântulas) e determinação da atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT ), ascorbato peroxidase (APX) e peroxidase (POX) sob três temperaturas: 15 °C (sub ótima), 25 °C (ótima) e 35 °C (supra ótima). Através de testes fisiológicos, os lotes 1, 2 e 3 foram classificados em três níveis diferentes de vigor, sendo alto, médio e baixo, respectivamente. O condicionamento osmótico favoreceu o desempenho das sementes de girassol na germinação e vigor em todas as temperaturas analisadas. Este efeito foi mais pronunciado em lotes de qualidade fisiológica mais baixa em temperaturas sub ótima e supra ótima. As temperaturas sub e supra ótimas causaram uma redução no desempenho fisiológico das sementes, principalmente nos lotes menos vigorosos. Em geral, o condicionamento osmótico favoreceu um aumento na atividade das enzimas SOD, CAT, POX e APX, principalmente em sementes de baixo vigor expostas às temperaturas sub e supra ótimas. O condicionamento osmótico de sementes de girassol no PEG 6000 a -2,0 MPa, por 8 horas, é eficiente para melhorar o desempenho dos lotes com menos vigor sob estresse devido às temperaturas sub e supra ótimas, favorecendo o aumento da atividade das enzimas do sistema antioxidativo.Downloads
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Referências
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Araújo, S. D. S., Paparella, S., Dondi, D., Bentivoglio, A., Carbonera, D., & Balestrazzi, A. (2016). Physical methods for seed invigoration: advantages and challenges in seed technology. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 646. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00646
Bailly, C., Benamar, A., Corbineau, F., & Côme, D. (2000). Antioxidant systems in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds as affected by priming. Seed Science Research, 10(1), 35-42. doi: 10.1017/S09602585 00000040
Balabusta, M., Szafrańska, K., & Posmyk, M. M. (2016). Exogenous melatonin improves antioxidant defense in cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L.) germinated under chilling stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7(2016), 575. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00575
Beauchamp, C., & Fridovich, I. (1971). Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44(1), 276-287. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8
Bewley, J. D., Bradford, K., & Hilhorst, H. (2013). Seeds: physiology of development, germination and dormancy. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72(1-2), 248-254. doi: 10.1016/ 0003-2697(76)90527-3
Chance, B., & Maehly, A. C. (1955). Assay of catalase and peroxidases. Methods in Enzymology, 2(136), 764-775. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(55)02300-8
Chojnowski, M., Corbineau, F., & Côme, D. (1997). Physiological and biochemical changes induced in sunflower seeds by osmopriming and subsequent drying, storage and aging. Seed Science Research, 7(4), 323-332. doi: 10.1017/S096025850000372X
Dai, L. Y., Zhu, H. D., Yin, K. D., Du, J. D., & Zhang, Y. X. (2017). Seed priming mitigates the effects of saline-alkali stress in soybean seedlings. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 77(2), 118-125. doi: 10.4067/S0718-58392017000200118
Das, K., & Roychoudhury, A. (2014). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and response of antioxidants as ROS-scavengers during environmental stress in plants. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2(2014), 53. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2014.00053
De Bont, L., Naim, E., Arbelet-Bonnin, D., Xia, Q., Palm, E., Meimoun, P.,… Bouteau, F. (2019). Activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases participates in dormancy alleviation in sunflower seeds. Plant Science, 280(2019), 408-415. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.015
De Gara, L. (2004). Class III peroxidases and ascorbate metabolism in plants. Phytochemistry Reviews, 3(1-2), 195-205. doi: 10.1023/B:PHYT.0000047795.82713.99
Del Longo, O. T., González, C. A., Pastori, G. M., & Trippi, V. S. (1993). Antioxidant defences under hyperoxygenic and hyperosmotic conditions in leaves of two lines of maize with differential sensitivity to drought. Plant and Cell Physiology, 34(7), 1023-1028. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078515
Finch-Savage, W. E., & Bassel, G. W. (2016). Seed vigour and crop establishment: extending performance beyond adaptation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 67(3), 567-591. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erv490
Giannopolitis, C. N., & Ries, S. K. (1977). Superoxide dismutases: I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology, 59(2), 309-314. doi: 10.1104/pp.59.2.309
Gill, S. S., & Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48(12), 909-930. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.20 10.08.016
Górnik, K., & Lahuta, L. B. (2017). Application of phytohormones during seed hydropriming and heat shock treatment on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) chilling resistance and changes in soluble carbohydrates. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39(5), 118. doi: 10.1007/s11738-017-2413-x
Górnik, K., Badowiec, A., & Weidner, S. (2014). The effect of seed conditioning, short-term heat shock and salicylic, jasmonic acid or brasinolide on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) chilling resistance and polysome formation. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 36(10), 2547-2554. doi: 10.1007/s11738-0141626-5
Havir, E. A., & McHale, N. A. (1987). Biochemical and developmental characterization of multiple forms of catalase in tobacco leaves. Plant Physiology, 84(2), 450-455. doi: 10.1104/pp.84.2.450
Henning, L., Ceronio, G., & Nel, A. A. (2017). Emergence response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivars to supra-optimal soil temperatures. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 34(3), 223-229. doi: 10.1080/02571862.2016.1266400
Hewezi, T., Léger, M., El Kayal, W., & Gentzbittel, L. (2006). Transcriptional profiling of sunflower plants growing under low temperatures reveals an extensive down-regulation of gene expression associated with chilling sensitivity. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57(12), 3109-3122. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erl080
Hussain, S., Khan, F., Hussain, H. A., & Nie, L. (2016). Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of seed priming-induced chilling tolerance in rice cultivars. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7(2016), 116. doi: 10.33 89/fpls.2016.00116
Ibrahim, E. A. (2016). Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds. Journal of Plant Physiology, 192(2016), 38-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.011
Jisha, K. C., Vijayakumari, K., & Puthur, J. T. (2013). Seed priming for abiotic stress tolerance: an overview. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 35(5), 1381-1396. doi: 10.1007/s11738-012-1186-5
Jolliffe, I. T., & Cadima, J. (2016). Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 374(2065), 20150202. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0202
Kar, M., & Mishra, D. (1976). Catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiology, 57(2), 315-319. doi: 10.1104/pp.57.2.315
Kononenko, G. P., Ustyuzhanina, M. I., & Burkin, A. A. (2018). The problem of safe sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) use for food and fodder purposes. Agricultural Biology, 53(3), 485-498. doi: 10.15389/ agrobiology.2018.3.485eng
Kumar, J. S. P., Prasad, S. R., Banerjee, R., & Thammineni, C. (2015). Seed birth to death: dual functions of reactive oxygen species in seed physiology. Annals of Botany, 116(4), 663-668. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcv 0 98
Li, Z., Gao, Y., Zhang, Y., Lin, C., Gong, D., Guan, Y., & Hu, J. (2018). Reactive oxygen species and gibberellin acid mutual induction to regulate tobacco seed germination. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9(2016), 1279. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01279
Li, Z., Xu, J., Gao, Y., Wang, C., Guo, G., Luo, Y.,… Hu, J. (2017). The synergistic priming effect of exogenous salicylic acid and H2O2 on chilling tolerance enhancement during maize (Zea mays L.) seed germination. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8(2017), 1153. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01153
Maguire, J. D. (1962). Speed of germination Aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor 1. Crop Science, 2(2), 176-177. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033x
Michel, B. E., & Kaufmann, M. R. (1973). The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology, 51(5), 914-916. doi: 10.1104/pp.51.5.914
Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (2009). Regras para análise de sementes. Brasília: MAPA/ACS. Recuperado de http://www.agricultura.gov.br/assuntos/insumos-agropecuarios/arquivos-publicacoes-insumos/2946_regras_analise__sementes.pdf
Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (2013). Padrões para produção e comercialização de sementes de girassol. Instrução Normativa no 45, de 17 de Setembro de 2013. Brasília. Recuperado de http://www.abrasem.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Instru%C3%A7%C3%A3o-Normativa-n% C2%BA-45-de-17-de-Setembro-de-2013-Padr%C3%B5es-de-Identidade-e-Qualiidade-Prod-e-Comerc-de-Sementes-Grandes-Culturas-Republica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-DOU-20.09.13.pdf
Mittler, R. (2017). ROS are good. Trends in Plant Science, 22(1), 11-19. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.08.002
Nakano, Y., & Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22(5), 867-880. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals pcp.a07 6232
Noctor, G., Reichheld, J. P., & Foyer, C. H. (2018). ROS-related redox regulation and signaling in plants. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 80(2018), 3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.013
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2021-04-22
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Barros, T. T. V., Pinheiro, D. T., Gama, G. F. V., Dias, D. C. F. dos S., & Silva, L. J. da. (2021). Condicionamento osmótico, ação antioxidativa e estresse térmico em sementes de girassol com diferentes níveis de vigor. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(3Supl1), 1435–1452. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3Supl1p1435
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