Nutritional and productive performance of grazing system beef heifers receiving multiple supplementation in the dry season
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n4p1541Keywords:
Digestibility, Microbial protein, Nellore, Ruminant nutrition, Supplement, Pasture.Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation multiple on intake, digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis and, productive performance of grazing system receiving multiple supplementation in the dry season. Twelve Nellore heifers (averaging 214.6 ± 7.3 kg initial BW and 8.0 ± 0.10 months) were distributed to a completely randomized design in two treatments: unsupplemented (only mineral) and; supplemented (1 kg per animal day-1 of multiple supplement). Only the crude protein (CP) intake was increased by supplementation (P < 0.05). In addition, the supplementation increased the digestibility of organic matter (OM), CP, ether extract (EE), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and dietary content of digested OM (DOM) (P < 0.05). The supplementation decreased microbial nitrogen to ingested nitrogen ratio (MICNR) (P < 0.05) and increased the serum urea nitrogen (SUN) concentration and urinary nitrogen excretion (UNE) (P < 0.05) in the animals. Finally, average daily gain (ADG) and final BW (FBW) were not affected by supplementation (P > 0.05). In summary, the provision 1 kg per animal day-1 of multiple supplement for beef heifers in grazing system does not improve productive performance in dry season when there is adequate qualitative and quantitative availability of forage mass. However, provision of supplement increases the total nutrients digestibility and nitrogen statuses in the animals.Downloads
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References
Almeida, D. M., Marcondes, M. I., Rennó, L. N., Martins, L. S., Villadiego, F. C., & Paulino, M. F. (2018). Soybean grain is a suitable replacement with soybean meal in multiple supplements for Nellore heifers grazing tropical pastures. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 50(8), 1843-1849. doi: 10.1007/s11 250-018-1630-7
Barbosa, A. M., Valadares, R. F. D., Valadares, S. C. F., Pina, D. S., Detmann, E., & Leão, M. I. (2011). Endogenous fraction and urinary recovery of purine derivatives obtained by different methods in Nellore cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 89(2), 510-519. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2366
Batista, E. D., Detmann, E., Gomes, D. I., Rufino, L. M. A., Paulino, M. F., Valadares, S. C. Fo, Franco, M. O., Sampaio, C. B., & Reis, W. L. S. (2016). Effect of protein supplementation in the rumen, abomasum, or both on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen utilisation in cattle fed high-quality tropical forage. Animal Production Science, 57(10), 1993- 2000. doi: 10.1071/AN15736
Bento, C. B. P., Azevedo, A. C., Detmann, E., & Mantovani, H. C. (2015). Biochemical and genetic diversity of carbohydratefermenting and obligate amino acidfermenting hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria from Nellore steers fed tropical forages and supplemented with casein. BMC Microbiology, 15(28), 1-15. doi: 10.1186/s12866-015-0369-9
Cabral, C. H. A., Paulino, M. F., Detmann1, E., Valadares, S. C. F., Barros, L. V., Valente, E. E. L., Bauer, M. O., & Cabral, C. E. A. (2014). Levels of Supplementation for Grazing Beef Heifers. Asian Australasian of. Journal Animal. Science, 27(6), 806-817. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13542
Chen, X. B., & Gomes, M. J. (1992). Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives - an overview of technical details. International Feed Research Unit. Rowett Research Institute. (Occasional Publication).
Clark, J. H., Klusmeyer, T. H., & Cameron, M. R. (1992). Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(8), 2304-2323. doi: 10.3168/jds. S0022-0302(92)77992-2
Costa e Silva, L. F., Valadares, S. C. F., Chizzotti, M. L., Rotta, P. P., Prados, L. F., Valadares, R. F. D., Zanetti, D., & Braga, J. M. S. (2012). Creatinine excretion and relationship with body weight of Nellore cattle. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(3), 807-810. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000300046
Detmann, E., & Valadares, S. C. F. (2010). On the estimation of non-fibrous carbohydrates in feeds and diets. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 62(4), 980-984. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352010 000400030
Detmann, E., Paulino, M. F., Valadares, S. C. F., & Huhtanen, P. (2014a). Nutritional aspects applied to grazing cattle in the tropics: a review based on Brazilian results. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 35(4), 2829-2854. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2014v35n4Suplp2829
Detmann, E., Souza, M. A., Valadares, S. C. F., Queiroz, A. C., Berchielli, T. T., Saliba, E. O .S., Cabral, L. S., Pina, D. S., Ladeira, M. M., & Azevedo, J. A. G. (2012). Métodos para análise de alimentos INCT - ciência animal. Suprema Gráfica. Recuperado de https://www.editorauf v.com.br/produto/metodospara-analise-de-alimentos/1109316
Detmann, E., Valente, E. E. V., Batista, E. D., & Huhtanen, P. (2014b). An evaluation of the performance and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical grass pastures with supplementation. Livestock Science, 162(1), 141-153. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.029
Doyle, P. T., Francis, S. A., & Stockdale, C. R. (2005). Associative effects between feeds when concentrate supplements are fed to grazing dairy cows: a review of likely impacts on metabolisable energy supply. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 56(12), 1315-1329. doi: 10.1071/AR05087
Franco, M. O., Detmann, D., Batista, E. D., Rufino, L. M. A., Paulino, M. F., & Valadares, S. C. F. (2021). Nutritional performance and metabolic characteristics of cattle fed tropical forages with protein and starch supplementation. Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 93(3), 1-18. doi: 10.1590/0001-37652021 20190487
Lazzarini, I., Detmann, E., Valadares, S. C. F., Paulino, M. F., Batista, E. D., Rufino, L. M. A., Reis, W. L. S., & Franco, M. O. (2016). Nutritional performance of cattle grazing during rainy season with nitrogen and starch supplementation. Asian-Australasian of Journal Animal Science, 29(8), 1120-1128. doi: 10.5713/ ajas.15.0514
Martins, L. S., Paulino, M. F., Marcondes, M. I., Rennó, L. N., Almeida, D. M., Lopes, S. A., Marquez, D. C., Manso, M. R., Silva, A. G., & Valente, E. E. L. (2016). Cottonseed meal is a suitable replacement for soybean meal in supplements fed to Nellore heifers grazing Brachiaria decumbens. Animal Production Science, 57(9), 1893-1898. doi: 10.1071/AN15709
Ortega, R. M., Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Rennó, L. N., Barros, L. V., Silva, A. G., Marquez, D. C., Moreno, D. S., Moura, F. H., & Bitencourt, J. A. (2016). Quantities of supplements for grazing beef heifers in the dry-rainy transition season. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 37(1), 461-472. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016 v37n1p461
Ortega, R. M., Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Rennó, L. N., Moreno, D. S., Marquez, D. C, Almeida, D. M, Melo, L. P., & Moura, F. M. (2020). Nutritional strategies for heifers under grazing system: productive and nutritional performance, metabolic profile and ovarian activity. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(3), 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-02095-7
Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Silva, A. G., Almeida, D. M., Valente, E. E. L., Maciel, I. F. S., Martins, L. S., Barros, L. V., Paula, N. F., Lopes, S. A., & Carvalho, V. V. (2012). Bovinocultura de alto desempenho comsustentabilidade. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Beef Cattle Production, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 4.
Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Valente, E. E. L., & Barros, L. (2008). Nutrition of grazing cattle. Proceeding of the Symposium on Strategic Management of Pasture, Vicosa, MG, Brazil, 4.
Sampaio, C. B., Detmann, E., Lazzarini, I., Souza, M. A., Paulino, M. F., & Valadares, S. C. F. (2009). Rumen dynamics of neutral detergent fiber in cattle fed lowquality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogenous compounds. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38(3), 560-569. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982009 000300023
Silva, A. G., Paulino, M. F., Amorim, L. S., Rennó, L. N., Detmann, E., Moura, F. H., Manso, M. R., Ortega, R. M., & Melo, L. P. (2017). Performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive responses of Nellore heifers submitted to different supplementation levels pre- and post-weaning. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49(4), 707-715. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1248-1
Sotelo, D., Paulino, M. F., Rennó, L. N,, Detmann, E., Ortega, R. M., Marquez, D. C., Martins, L. S., Almeida, D. M., Lima, J. A. C., & Moura, F. H. (2018). Performance and metabolic status of grazing beef heifers receiving increasing protein supplementation pre- and postpartum. Animal Production Science, 59(7), 1244-1252. doi: 10.1071/AN17485
Valadares, R. F. D., Gonçalves, L. C., Rodriguez, N. M., Valadares, S. C. F., & Sampaio, I. B. M. (1997). Níveis de proteína em dietas de bovinos. 4. Concentrações de amônia ruminal e ureia plasmática e excreções de ureia e creatinina. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 26(6), 1270-1278.
Valadares, S. C. F., Costa e Silva, L. F., Giombeli, M. P., Rotta, P. P., Prados, L. F., Marcondes, M. I., Chizzotti, M. L., & Prados, L. F. (2016). Nutrient requirements Zebu beef cattle BR-CORTE (3nd ed.). Suprema Gráfica.
Valente, T. N. P., Detmann, E., Queiroz, A. C., Valadares, S. C. F., Gomes, D. I., & Figueiras, J. F. (2011). Evaluation of rumen degradation profiles of forages using bags made from different textiles. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(11), 2565-2573. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011001100039
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant (2nd ed.). Comstock Publishing Associates.
Velloso, L. (1984). Ureia em rações de engorda de bovinos. Anais do Simpósio sobre Nutrição de Ruminantes: Ureia para Ruminantes. Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, 2.
Barbosa, A. M., Valadares, R. F. D., Valadares, S. C. F., Pina, D. S., Detmann, E., & Leão, M. I. (2011). Endogenous fraction and urinary recovery of purine derivatives obtained by different methods in Nellore cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 89(2), 510-519. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2366
Batista, E. D., Detmann, E., Gomes, D. I., Rufino, L. M. A., Paulino, M. F., Valadares, S. C. Fo, Franco, M. O., Sampaio, C. B., & Reis, W. L. S. (2016). Effect of protein supplementation in the rumen, abomasum, or both on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen utilisation in cattle fed high-quality tropical forage. Animal Production Science, 57(10), 1993- 2000. doi: 10.1071/AN15736
Bento, C. B. P., Azevedo, A. C., Detmann, E., & Mantovani, H. C. (2015). Biochemical and genetic diversity of carbohydratefermenting and obligate amino acidfermenting hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria from Nellore steers fed tropical forages and supplemented with casein. BMC Microbiology, 15(28), 1-15. doi: 10.1186/s12866-015-0369-9
Cabral, C. H. A., Paulino, M. F., Detmann1, E., Valadares, S. C. F., Barros, L. V., Valente, E. E. L., Bauer, M. O., & Cabral, C. E. A. (2014). Levels of Supplementation for Grazing Beef Heifers. Asian Australasian of. Journal Animal. Science, 27(6), 806-817. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13542
Chen, X. B., & Gomes, M. J. (1992). Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives - an overview of technical details. International Feed Research Unit. Rowett Research Institute. (Occasional Publication).
Clark, J. H., Klusmeyer, T. H., & Cameron, M. R. (1992). Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(8), 2304-2323. doi: 10.3168/jds. S0022-0302(92)77992-2
Costa e Silva, L. F., Valadares, S. C. F., Chizzotti, M. L., Rotta, P. P., Prados, L. F., Valadares, R. F. D., Zanetti, D., & Braga, J. M. S. (2012). Creatinine excretion and relationship with body weight of Nellore cattle. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(3), 807-810. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000300046
Detmann, E., & Valadares, S. C. F. (2010). On the estimation of non-fibrous carbohydrates in feeds and diets. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 62(4), 980-984. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352010 000400030
Detmann, E., Paulino, M. F., Valadares, S. C. F., & Huhtanen, P. (2014a). Nutritional aspects applied to grazing cattle in the tropics: a review based on Brazilian results. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 35(4), 2829-2854. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2014v35n4Suplp2829
Detmann, E., Souza, M. A., Valadares, S. C. F., Queiroz, A. C., Berchielli, T. T., Saliba, E. O .S., Cabral, L. S., Pina, D. S., Ladeira, M. M., & Azevedo, J. A. G. (2012). Métodos para análise de alimentos INCT - ciência animal. Suprema Gráfica. Recuperado de https://www.editorauf v.com.br/produto/metodospara-analise-de-alimentos/1109316
Detmann, E., Valente, E. E. V., Batista, E. D., & Huhtanen, P. (2014b). An evaluation of the performance and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical grass pastures with supplementation. Livestock Science, 162(1), 141-153. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.029
Doyle, P. T., Francis, S. A., & Stockdale, C. R. (2005). Associative effects between feeds when concentrate supplements are fed to grazing dairy cows: a review of likely impacts on metabolisable energy supply. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 56(12), 1315-1329. doi: 10.1071/AR05087
Franco, M. O., Detmann, D., Batista, E. D., Rufino, L. M. A., Paulino, M. F., & Valadares, S. C. F. (2021). Nutritional performance and metabolic characteristics of cattle fed tropical forages with protein and starch supplementation. Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 93(3), 1-18. doi: 10.1590/0001-37652021 20190487
Lazzarini, I., Detmann, E., Valadares, S. C. F., Paulino, M. F., Batista, E. D., Rufino, L. M. A., Reis, W. L. S., & Franco, M. O. (2016). Nutritional performance of cattle grazing during rainy season with nitrogen and starch supplementation. Asian-Australasian of Journal Animal Science, 29(8), 1120-1128. doi: 10.5713/ ajas.15.0514
Martins, L. S., Paulino, M. F., Marcondes, M. I., Rennó, L. N., Almeida, D. M., Lopes, S. A., Marquez, D. C., Manso, M. R., Silva, A. G., & Valente, E. E. L. (2016). Cottonseed meal is a suitable replacement for soybean meal in supplements fed to Nellore heifers grazing Brachiaria decumbens. Animal Production Science, 57(9), 1893-1898. doi: 10.1071/AN15709
Ortega, R. M., Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Rennó, L. N., Barros, L. V., Silva, A. G., Marquez, D. C., Moreno, D. S., Moura, F. H., & Bitencourt, J. A. (2016). Quantities of supplements for grazing beef heifers in the dry-rainy transition season. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 37(1), 461-472. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016 v37n1p461
Ortega, R. M., Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Rennó, L. N., Moreno, D. S., Marquez, D. C, Almeida, D. M, Melo, L. P., & Moura, F. M. (2020). Nutritional strategies for heifers under grazing system: productive and nutritional performance, metabolic profile and ovarian activity. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(3), 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-02095-7
Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Silva, A. G., Almeida, D. M., Valente, E. E. L., Maciel, I. F. S., Martins, L. S., Barros, L. V., Paula, N. F., Lopes, S. A., & Carvalho, V. V. (2012). Bovinocultura de alto desempenho comsustentabilidade. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Beef Cattle Production, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 4.
Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Valente, E. E. L., & Barros, L. (2008). Nutrition of grazing cattle. Proceeding of the Symposium on Strategic Management of Pasture, Vicosa, MG, Brazil, 4.
Sampaio, C. B., Detmann, E., Lazzarini, I., Souza, M. A., Paulino, M. F., & Valadares, S. C. F. (2009). Rumen dynamics of neutral detergent fiber in cattle fed lowquality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogenous compounds. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38(3), 560-569. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982009 000300023
Silva, A. G., Paulino, M. F., Amorim, L. S., Rennó, L. N., Detmann, E., Moura, F. H., Manso, M. R., Ortega, R. M., & Melo, L. P. (2017). Performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive responses of Nellore heifers submitted to different supplementation levels pre- and post-weaning. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49(4), 707-715. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1248-1
Sotelo, D., Paulino, M. F., Rennó, L. N,, Detmann, E., Ortega, R. M., Marquez, D. C., Martins, L. S., Almeida, D. M., Lima, J. A. C., & Moura, F. H. (2018). Performance and metabolic status of grazing beef heifers receiving increasing protein supplementation pre- and postpartum. Animal Production Science, 59(7), 1244-1252. doi: 10.1071/AN17485
Valadares, R. F. D., Gonçalves, L. C., Rodriguez, N. M., Valadares, S. C. F., & Sampaio, I. B. M. (1997). Níveis de proteína em dietas de bovinos. 4. Concentrações de amônia ruminal e ureia plasmática e excreções de ureia e creatinina. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 26(6), 1270-1278.
Valadares, S. C. F., Costa e Silva, L. F., Giombeli, M. P., Rotta, P. P., Prados, L. F., Marcondes, M. I., Chizzotti, M. L., & Prados, L. F. (2016). Nutrient requirements Zebu beef cattle BR-CORTE (3nd ed.). Suprema Gráfica.
Valente, T. N. P., Detmann, E., Queiroz, A. C., Valadares, S. C. F., Gomes, D. I., & Figueiras, J. F. (2011). Evaluation of rumen degradation profiles of forages using bags made from different textiles. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(11), 2565-2573. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011001100039
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant (2nd ed.). Comstock Publishing Associates.
Velloso, L. (1984). Ureia em rações de engorda de bovinos. Anais do Simpósio sobre Nutrição de Ruminantes: Ureia para Ruminantes. Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, 2.
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2022-05-05
How to Cite
Ortega, R. M., Moreno, D. S., & Paulino, M. F. (2022). Nutritional and productive performance of grazing system beef heifers receiving multiple supplementation in the dry season. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(4), 1541–1578. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n4p1541
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