SO2-generating pads reduce gray mold in clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes grown under a two-cropping per year system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1069Keywords:
Botrytis cinerea Pers, Cold storage, Packing, SO2, Vitis vinifera L.Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate different SO2-generating pads and liners to control gray mold in ventilated clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes grown under a two-cropping per year system. The treatments consisted of SO2-generating pads (slow release or dual release) and plastic liners with different perforations (microperforated; 2.0; 4.0 or 5.0 mm in diameter) and a control, only with the standard microperforated plastic liner. The packaged grapes were stored in a cold chamber at 1.0 ± 1.0 °C and 95% relative humidity. After 45 days, the grapes were removed from cold storage and placed, without liners and SO2-generating pads, for 3 days at room temperature (22.0 ± 1.0 °C). The evaluations occurred at 30 and 45 days after the beginning of cold storage, and the following variables were assessed: incidence of gray mold, mass loss, stem browning and shattered berries. At 3 days of shelf-life, the same variables were assessed, except mass loss. The completely randomized design was used as a statistical model with four replications, and each plot consisted of five bunches individually stored in ventilated clamshell-packaged. The dual release SO2-generating pads are efficient in controlling the gray mold in ‘Rubi’ table grapes regardless of the type of perforation of the plastic liners, with low mass loss and shattered berries, with good conservation of the freshness of the rachis. The disease was efficiently controlled in both annual crops. The slow-release SO2-generating pads, regardless of the type of perforation of the plastic liners, resulted in intermediate efficiency of gray mold control, with good physical quality of the bunches. Thus, the use of dual release SO2-generating pads is recommended to control gray mold in ventilated clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes.Downloads
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References
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Food and Drug Administration (2003). Sulfites: an important food safety issue. Retrieved from http://vm. cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/fssulfit.html
Gabler, F. M., Mercier, J., Jiménez, J. I., & Smilanick, J. L. (2010). Integration of continuous biofumigation with Muscodor albus with pre-cooling fumigation with ozone or sulfur dioxide to control postharvest gray mold of table grapes. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 55(2), 78-84. doi: 10.1016/j. postharvbio.2009.07.012
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Hashim, A. F., Youssef, K., & Abd-Elsalam, K. A. (2019). Ecofriendly nanomaterials for controlling gray mold of table grapes and maintaining postharvest quality. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 154(2), 377-388. doi: 10.1007/s10658-018-01662-2
Henríquez, J. L., & Pinochet, S. (2016). Impact of ventilation area of the liner bag, in the performance of SO2 generator pads in boxed table grapes. Acta Horticulturae, 1144, 267-272. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic. 2016.1144.39
Instituto das Águas do Paraná (2017). Sistema de informações hidrológicas. Recuperado de http://www.sihweb.aguasparana.pr.gov.br/sihweb/gerarRelatorioTotaisMensaisPrecipitacao.do?action=carregarInterfaceInicial
Karaca, H., & Smilanick, J. L. (2011). The influence of plastic composition and ventilation area on ozone diffusion through some food packaging materials. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 62(1), 85-88. doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.04.004
Kishino, A. Y., Marur, C. J., & Roberto, S. R. (2019). Características da planta. Variedades-copa e porta-enxertos. In A. Y. Kishino, S. L. C. de Carvalho, & S. R. Roberto (Eds.), Viticultura tropical: o sistema de produção de uvas de mesa do Paraná (pp. 201-249). Londrina, PR: IAPAR.
Leesch, J. G., Smilanick, J. L., & Tebbets, J. S. (2008). Methyl bromide fumigation of packed table grapes: effect of shipping box on gas concentrations and phytotoxicity. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 49(2), 283-286. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2014.05.002
Lichter, A., Zutahy, Y., Kaplunov, T., & Lurie, S. (2008). Evaluation of table grapes storage in boxes with sulfur dioxide-releasing pads with either an internal plastic liner or external wrap. HortTechnology, 18(2), 206-214. doi: 10.21273/horttech.18.2.206
Liguori, G., Sortino, G., Pasquale, C. de, & Inglese, P. (2015). Effects of modified atmosphere packaging on quality parameters of minimally processed table grapes during cold storage. Advances in Horticultural Science, 29(3), 152-154. doi: 10.13128/ahs-22696
Mansour, K. M., El-Tobshy, Z. M., Nelson, K. E., & Fahmy, B. A. (1984). Effect of in-package SO2-generator on postharvest decay and quality of Banati grapes. Egyptian Journal of Horticulture, 11(1), 11-18.
Mattiuz, B.-H., Miguel, A. C. A., Galati, V. C., & Nachtigal, J. C. (2009). Efeito da temperatura no armazenamento de uvas apirênicas minimamente processadas. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 31(1), 44-52. doi: 10.1590/S0100-29452009000100008
Mattiuz, B.-H., Miguel, A. C. A., Nachtigal, J. C., Durigan, J. F., & Camargo, U. A. (2004). Processamento mínimo de uvas de mesa sem sementes. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 26(2), 226-229. doi: 10. 1590/S0100-29452004000200011
Melgarejo-Flores, B. G., Ortega-Ramírez, L. A., Silva-Espinoza, B. A., González-Aguilar, G. A., Miranda, M. R. A., & Ayala-Zavala, J. F. (2013). Antifungal protection and antioxidant enhancement of table grapes treated with emulsions, vapors, and coatings of cinnamon leaf oil. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 86(1), 321-328. doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.07.027
Michailides, T. J., & Elmer, P. A. G. (2000). Botrytis gray mold of kiwifruit caused by Botrytis cinerea in the United States and New Zealand. Plant Disease, 84(3), 208-223. doi: 10.1094/pdis.2000.84.3.208
Muñoz, V., Benato, E. A., Sigrist, J. M. M., Oliveira, J. D. V., & Corrêa, A. C. C. (2000). Effect of SO2 for controlling Botrytis cinerea in Italia and Red Globe grapes stored at different temperatures. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 22 (Especial Edition), 100-105.
Mustonen, H. M. (1992). The efficacy of a range of sulfur dioxide generating pads against Botrytis cinerea infection & on out-turn quality of Calmeria table grapes. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 32(3), 389-393. doi: 10.1071/EA9920389
Nelson, K. E. (1983). Effects of in-package sulfur dioxide generators, package liners, and temperature on decay and desiccation of table grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 34(1), 10-16.
Ngcobo, M. E. K., Opara, U. L., & Thiart, G. D. (2011). Effects of packaging liners on cooling rate and quality attributes of table grape (cv. Regal Seedless). Packaging Technology and Science, 25(2), 73-84. doi: 10.1002/pts.961
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2021-03-19
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Mühlbeier, D. T., Ribeiro, L. T., Higuchi, M. T., Khamis, Y., Chaves Junior, O. J., Koyama, R., & Roberto, S. R. (2021). SO2-generating pads reduce gray mold in clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes grown under a two-cropping per year system. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(3), 1069–1086. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1069
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