Comparison of urinary protein-to-creatinine ration, serum albumin, serum creatinine and systolic arterial blood pressure of glomerular injury cases in dogs with chronic kidney disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2339Keywords:
Amyloidosis, Dogs, Glomerulocystic, Glomerulopathy, Glomerulus.Abstract
This study aims at assessing the prevalence of glomerular alterations in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and comparing the clinical and laboratory parameters. The tests conducted include a double-blind histopathological assay conducted by two pathologists, urine tests including inactive sediment, urinary protein-to-creatinine (UPC), serum albumin and serum creatinine, as well as measurement of the systolic arterial blood pressure. The prevalence of glomerular injuries was determined and the predominant injury was compared with a group comprised of the remaining injuries. The study included 24 dogs with CKD. The results revealed a predominance of membranous glomerular alterations 17/24 (70,83%), followed by glomerulosclerosis 3/24 (12,50%), membranoproliferative injuries 2/24, glomerulocystic atrophy 1/24 and glomerular amyloidosis 1/24. Amyloidosis presented the highest UPC while the membranoproliferative injury presented the lowest mean concentration of serum albumin. Higher values in the UPC did not correspond with lower mean serum albumin values. Glomerulosclerosis presented the highest mean systolic blood pressure and glomerular atrophy presented the highest creatinine values. When comparing membranous injuries with a group comprised of the remaining injuries, the UPC did not present significant differences between the groups. Renal amyloidosis was included in the group with the lowest systolic arterial blood pressure values while membranoproliferative injury was included in the group with highest UPC. The group called “others” presented the highest creatinine value. Dogs with CKD may present several types of glomerular injuries with similar clinical and laboratory profiles. This study observed a predominance of membranous glomerular injuries, followed by membranoproliferative injuries, glomerulocystic atrophy and amyloidosis.Downloads
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References
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Bacic, A., Kogika, M. M., Barbaro, K. C., Iuamoto, C. S., Simões, D. M. N., & Santoro, M. L. (2010). Evaluation of albuminuria and its relationship with blood pressure in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 39(2), 203-209. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2009.00207.x
Bartges, J. W. (2012). Chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 42(4), 669-692. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.04.008
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Cianciolo, R. E., Brown, C. A., Mohr, F. C., Spangler, W. L., Aresu, L., van der Lugt, J. J.,… Lees, G. E. (2013). Consensus statement - pathologic evaluation of canine renal biopsies: methods for identifying features that differentiate immune-mediated glomerulonephritides from other categories of glomerular diseases. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27, 10-18. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12226
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Confer, W., & Panciera, J. (2001). The urinary system. In D. McGavin, W. Carlton, & J. Zachary, Thomson’s special veterinary pathology (pp. 235-278) St. Louis: Missouri: Mosby.
Couser, W. G. (2017). Primary membranous nephropathy. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 12(6), 983-997. doi: 10.2215/CJN.11761116
DiBartola, S. P., Tarr, M. J., Webb, D. M., & Giger, U. (1990). Familial renal amyloidosis in Chinese Shar Pei dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 197(4), 483-487. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/20945353_Familial_renal_amyloidosis_in_Chinese_Shar_Pei_dogs
Hokamp, J. A., Cianciolo, R. E., Boggess, M., Lees, G. E., Benali, S. L., Kovarsky, M., & Nabity, M. B. (2016). Correlation of urine and serum biomarkers with renal damage and survival in dogs with naturally occurring proteinuric chronic kidney disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(2), 591-601. doi: 10.1111/jvim.13832
International Renal Interest Society (2019). Staging of CKD (modified 2019). Retrieved from http://www.iris-kidney.com/pdf/IRIS_Staging_of_CKD_modified_2019.pdf
Jaenke, R. S., & Allen, T. A. (1986). Membranous nephropathy in the dog. Veterinary Pathology, 23(6), 718-733. doi: 10.1177/030098588602300611
Jennette, J., & Schwarts, M. (2007). Primer on the pathologic classification and diagnosis of kidney disease. In: J. C. Jennette, J. L. Olson, & M. M. Schwarts (Eds.), Heptinstall’s pathology of the kidney (pp. 97-124). Filadélfia: Pensilvânia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Kagami, S., Kuhara, T., Okada, K., Kuroda, Y., Border, W. A., & Noble, N. A. (1997). Dual effects of angiotensin II on the plasminogen/plasmin system in rat mesangial cells. Kidney International, 51(3), 664-671. doi: 10.1038/ki.1997.96
Lai, W. L., Yeh, T. H., Chen, P. M., Chan, C. K., Chiang, W. C., Chen, Y. M.,… Tsai, T. J. (2015). Membranous nephropathy: a review on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 114(2), 102-111. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2014.11.002
Mahmood, J., Khan, F., Okada, S., Kumagai, N., Morioka, T., & Oite, T. (2006). Local delivery of angiotensin receptor blocker into the kidney ameliorates progression of experimental glomerulonephritis. Kidney International, 70(9), 1591-1598. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001872
Maia-Elkhoury, A. N. S., Alves, W. A., Sousa-Gomes, M. L., Sena, J. M., & Luna, E. A. (2008). Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: trends and challenges. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 24(12), 2941-2947. doi: 10. 1590/S0102-311X2008001200024.
McLeland, S. M., Cianciolo, R. E., Duncan, C. G., & Quimby, J. M. (2015). A comparison of biochemical and histopathologic staging in cats with chronic kidney disease. Veterinary Pathology, 52(3), 524-534. doi: 10.1177/0300985814561095
Mitani, S., Yabuki, A., Taniguchi, K., & Yamato, O. (2013). Association between the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system and renal injury in chronic kidney disease of dogs and cats. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 75(2), 127-133. doi: 10.1292/jvms.12-0314
Polzin, D. J. (2013). Evidence-based step-wise approach to managing chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 23(2), 205-215. doi: 10.1111/vec.12034
Polzin, D. J., & Cowgill, L. D. (2013). Development of clinical guidelines for management of glomerular disease in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27, 2-4. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12225
Rivas, A. L., Tintle, L., Kimball, E. S., Scarlett, J., & Quimby, F. W. (1992). A canine febrile disorder associated with elevated interleukin-6. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 64(1), 36-45. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(92)90057-U
Salinas, E. M., Ramírez, L. I. M., Ortuño, L. E. G., Díaz, A. C. N., & González, L. A. C. (2008). Enfermedad glomeruloquística en dos perros con insuficiencia renal Glomerulocystic. Veterinaria México, 39(1), 97-109. Recuperado de http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0301-509220080001 00009
Santos, F., Coppede, J. S., Pereira, A. L, Oliveira, L. P., Roberto, P. G., Benedetti, R. B.,... Marins, M. (2009). Molecular evaluation of the incidence of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys and Babesia spp. in dogs from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. The Veterinary Journal, 179(1), 145-148. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.08. 017
Schneider, S. M., Cianciolo, R. E., Nabity, M. B., Clubb, F. J. J., Brown, C. A., & Lees, G. E. (2013). Prevalence of immune-complex glomerulonephritides in dogs biopsied for suspected glomerular disease: 501 cases (2007-2012). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27, S67-S75. doi: 10.1111/ jvim.12247
Sethi, S., & Fervenza, F. C. (2012). Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis a new look at an old entity. The New England Journal of Medicine, 366(12), 1119-1131. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1108178
Silva, M. L., Costa, C. L., Cintra, C. A., Souza, G. A. C., Ribeiro, G. F., Heitor, T. F.,... Crivellenti, L. Z. (2015). Alterações glomérulo-tubulares em cães infectados por Ehrlichia Canis. Investigação, 14(6), 17-21 doi: 10.26843/investigacao.v14i6.923
Slauson, D. O., Gribble, D. H., & Russell, S. W. (1970). A clinicopathological study of renal amyloidosis in dogs. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 80(2), 335-343. doi: 10.1016/0021-9975(70)90104-0
Szczepankiewicz, B., Pasławska, U., Grzegory, M., Jonkisz, P., Borecka, P., Marzec, M.,... Nowak, M. (2018). Canine renal amyloidosis: a case report. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 74(5), 320-323. doi: 10.215 21/mw.6038
Takahashi, M., Morita, T., Sawada, M., Uemura, T., Haruna, A., & Shimada, A. (2005). Glomerulocystic kidney in a domestic dog. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 133(2-3), 205-208. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa. 2005.01.014
Vaden, S. L., & Elliott, J. (2016). Management of proteinuria in dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 46(6), 1115-1130. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm. 2016.06.009
Aresu, L., Pregel, P., Bollo, E., Palmerini, D., Sereno, A., & Valenza, F. (2008). Immunofluorescence staining for the detection of immunoglobulins and complement (C3) in dogs with renal disease. Veterinary Record, 163, 679-683. doi: 10.1136/vr.163.23.679
Bacic, A., Kogika, M. M., Barbaro, K. C., Iuamoto, C. S., Simões, D. M. N., & Santoro, M. L. (2010). Evaluation of albuminuria and its relationship with blood pressure in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 39(2), 203-209. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2009.00207.x
Bartges, J. W. (2012). Chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 42(4), 669-692. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.04.008
Cavalcante, L. F. H., Neuwald, E. B., Mello, F. P. S., Lacerda, L. A., Oliveira, S. T., Marques, J. M. V., & Pöppl, A. G. (2006). Síndrome nefrótica em cão associada à Babesia canis. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 34(3), 335-338. doi: 10.22456/1679-9216.15556. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/292681789_Sindrome_nefrotica_em_cao_associada_a_Babesia_canis_Nephrotic_syndrome_in_dog_associated_Babesia_canis
Chalifoux, A., Phaneuf, J. B., Olivieri, M., & Gosselin, Y. (1982). Glomerular polycystic kidney disease in a dog (blue merle collie). The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 23(12), 365-368. Retrieved from https:// www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790272/pdf/canvetj00289-0043.pdf
Cianciolo, R. E., Brown, C. A., Mohr, F. C., Spangler, W. L., Aresu, L., van der Lugt, J. J.,… Lees, G. E. (2013). Consensus statement - pathologic evaluation of canine renal biopsies: methods for identifying features that differentiate immune-mediated glomerulonephritides from other categories of glomerular diseases. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27, 10-18. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12226
Cianciolo, R. E., Mohr, F. C., Aresu, L., Brown, C. A., James, C., Jansen, J. H.,… Lees, G. E. (2016a). World small animal veterinary association renal pathology initiative: classification of glomerular diseases in dogs. Veterinary Pathology, 53(1), 113-135. doi: 10.1177/0300985815579996
Cianciolo, R., Hokamp, J., & Nabity, M. (2016b). Advances in the evaluation of canine renal disease. The Veterinary Journal, 215, 21-29. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.04.012
Confer, W., & Panciera, J. (2001). The urinary system. In D. McGavin, W. Carlton, & J. Zachary, Thomson’s special veterinary pathology (pp. 235-278) St. Louis: Missouri: Mosby.
Couser, W. G. (2017). Primary membranous nephropathy. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 12(6), 983-997. doi: 10.2215/CJN.11761116
DiBartola, S. P., Tarr, M. J., Webb, D. M., & Giger, U. (1990). Familial renal amyloidosis in Chinese Shar Pei dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 197(4), 483-487. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/20945353_Familial_renal_amyloidosis_in_Chinese_Shar_Pei_dogs
Hokamp, J. A., Cianciolo, R. E., Boggess, M., Lees, G. E., Benali, S. L., Kovarsky, M., & Nabity, M. B. (2016). Correlation of urine and serum biomarkers with renal damage and survival in dogs with naturally occurring proteinuric chronic kidney disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(2), 591-601. doi: 10.1111/jvim.13832
International Renal Interest Society (2019). Staging of CKD (modified 2019). Retrieved from http://www.iris-kidney.com/pdf/IRIS_Staging_of_CKD_modified_2019.pdf
Jaenke, R. S., & Allen, T. A. (1986). Membranous nephropathy in the dog. Veterinary Pathology, 23(6), 718-733. doi: 10.1177/030098588602300611
Jennette, J., & Schwarts, M. (2007). Primer on the pathologic classification and diagnosis of kidney disease. In: J. C. Jennette, J. L. Olson, & M. M. Schwarts (Eds.), Heptinstall’s pathology of the kidney (pp. 97-124). Filadélfia: Pensilvânia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Kagami, S., Kuhara, T., Okada, K., Kuroda, Y., Border, W. A., & Noble, N. A. (1997). Dual effects of angiotensin II on the plasminogen/plasmin system in rat mesangial cells. Kidney International, 51(3), 664-671. doi: 10.1038/ki.1997.96
Lai, W. L., Yeh, T. H., Chen, P. M., Chan, C. K., Chiang, W. C., Chen, Y. M.,… Tsai, T. J. (2015). Membranous nephropathy: a review on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 114(2), 102-111. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2014.11.002
Mahmood, J., Khan, F., Okada, S., Kumagai, N., Morioka, T., & Oite, T. (2006). Local delivery of angiotensin receptor blocker into the kidney ameliorates progression of experimental glomerulonephritis. Kidney International, 70(9), 1591-1598. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001872
Maia-Elkhoury, A. N. S., Alves, W. A., Sousa-Gomes, M. L., Sena, J. M., & Luna, E. A. (2008). Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: trends and challenges. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 24(12), 2941-2947. doi: 10. 1590/S0102-311X2008001200024.
McLeland, S. M., Cianciolo, R. E., Duncan, C. G., & Quimby, J. M. (2015). A comparison of biochemical and histopathologic staging in cats with chronic kidney disease. Veterinary Pathology, 52(3), 524-534. doi: 10.1177/0300985814561095
Mitani, S., Yabuki, A., Taniguchi, K., & Yamato, O. (2013). Association between the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system and renal injury in chronic kidney disease of dogs and cats. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 75(2), 127-133. doi: 10.1292/jvms.12-0314
Polzin, D. J. (2013). Evidence-based step-wise approach to managing chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 23(2), 205-215. doi: 10.1111/vec.12034
Polzin, D. J., & Cowgill, L. D. (2013). Development of clinical guidelines for management of glomerular disease in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27, 2-4. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12225
Rivas, A. L., Tintle, L., Kimball, E. S., Scarlett, J., & Quimby, F. W. (1992). A canine febrile disorder associated with elevated interleukin-6. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 64(1), 36-45. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(92)90057-U
Salinas, E. M., Ramírez, L. I. M., Ortuño, L. E. G., Díaz, A. C. N., & González, L. A. C. (2008). Enfermedad glomeruloquística en dos perros con insuficiencia renal Glomerulocystic. Veterinaria México, 39(1), 97-109. Recuperado de http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0301-509220080001 00009
Santos, F., Coppede, J. S., Pereira, A. L, Oliveira, L. P., Roberto, P. G., Benedetti, R. B.,... Marins, M. (2009). Molecular evaluation of the incidence of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys and Babesia spp. in dogs from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. The Veterinary Journal, 179(1), 145-148. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.08. 017
Schneider, S. M., Cianciolo, R. E., Nabity, M. B., Clubb, F. J. J., Brown, C. A., & Lees, G. E. (2013). Prevalence of immune-complex glomerulonephritides in dogs biopsied for suspected glomerular disease: 501 cases (2007-2012). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27, S67-S75. doi: 10.1111/ jvim.12247
Sethi, S., & Fervenza, F. C. (2012). Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis a new look at an old entity. The New England Journal of Medicine, 366(12), 1119-1131. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1108178
Silva, M. L., Costa, C. L., Cintra, C. A., Souza, G. A. C., Ribeiro, G. F., Heitor, T. F.,... Crivellenti, L. Z. (2015). Alterações glomérulo-tubulares em cães infectados por Ehrlichia Canis. Investigação, 14(6), 17-21 doi: 10.26843/investigacao.v14i6.923
Slauson, D. O., Gribble, D. H., & Russell, S. W. (1970). A clinicopathological study of renal amyloidosis in dogs. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 80(2), 335-343. doi: 10.1016/0021-9975(70)90104-0
Szczepankiewicz, B., Pasławska, U., Grzegory, M., Jonkisz, P., Borecka, P., Marzec, M.,... Nowak, M. (2018). Canine renal amyloidosis: a case report. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 74(5), 320-323. doi: 10.215 21/mw.6038
Takahashi, M., Morita, T., Sawada, M., Uemura, T., Haruna, A., & Shimada, A. (2005). Glomerulocystic kidney in a domestic dog. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 133(2-3), 205-208. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa. 2005.01.014
Vaden, S. L., & Elliott, J. (2016). Management of proteinuria in dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 46(6), 1115-1130. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm. 2016.06.009
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2021-05-20
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Sant’Anna, P. B., Trindade, F. da S., Geraldes, S. S., Azevedo, M. G. P. de, Hataka, A., Paes, A. C., … Guimarães-Okamoto, P. T. C. (2021). Comparison of urinary protein-to-creatinine ration, serum albumin, serum creatinine and systolic arterial blood pressure of glomerular injury cases in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(4), 2339–2358. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2339
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