Effect of obesity on ecocardiographic parameters and vertebral heart size (VHS) in cats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n2p493Keywords:
Feline, Body weight, Thoracic radiography, Echocardiography.Abstract
The objective of this study was to correlate cardiovascular parameters with obesity in adult cats. Forty mixed-breed cats (20 obese and 20 controls) underwent echocardiographic measurements and thoracic radiography to establish a relationship between the obtained data and the body condition score (BCS), body mass index (BMI), and vertebral heart size (VHS). Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was also studied in 15 obese cats. Compared to the control cats, obese cats presented higher VHS values across several measurements, but among the echocardiographic parameters, only the difference in the left ventricular free wall at diastole was statistically significant. A positive relationship was established between body weight, left ventricular internal diameter at diastole, and left ventricular free wall at diastole. Positive relationships were also observed between BMI and diameter of the aorta, BCS and the left ventricular free wall at diastole, VHS and the left atrium, and the left atrial to aortic root diameter ratio and the left ventricular internal diameter at diastole. SAP was higher in obese cats and presented a positive correlation with body weight. Obesity correlated with an increase in SAP and with some echocardiographic and radiographic cardiac measurements in adult cats. Further studies are needed to better assess the effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system of cats and to reassess the parameters related to body weight and condition.Downloads
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References
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Zoran, D. L. (2010). Obesity in dogs and cats: a metabolic and endocrine disorder. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 40(2), 221-239. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.10.009
Alpert, M. A. (2001). Obesity cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology and evolution of the clinical syndrome. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 321(4), 225-236. doi: 10.1097/00000441-200104000-00003
Boon, J. A. (2011). Manual of veterinary echocardiography (2nd ed.) Baltimore: Wiley-Blackwell.
Champion, T. (2011). Efeitos da obesidade e do sobrepeso sobre parâmetros cardiovasculares e respiratórios em gatos. Tese de doutorado, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil.
Chandler, M. L. (2016). Impact of obesity on cardiopulmonary disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 46(5), 817-830. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.04.005
Clark, M., & Hoenig, M. (2016). Metabolic effects of obesity and its interaction with endocrine diseases. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 46(5), 797-815. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.04.004
Coté, E., Macdonald, K. A., Meurs, K. M., & Sleeper, M. M. (2011). Feline cardiology. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Diez, M., & Nguyen, P. (2006). The epidemiology of canine and feline obesity. Waltham Focus, 16(1), 2-8. Recuperado de http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.799.7498&rep=rep1&type =pdf
Frohlich, E. D., & Susic, D. (2008). Mechanisms underlying obesity associated with systemic and renal hemodynamics in essential hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports, 10(2), 151-155. doi: 10.1007/s11906-008-0028-8
Häggström, J., Andersson, A. O., Falk, T., Nilsfors, L., Olsson, U., Kresken, J. G.,… Ljungvall, I. (2016). Effect of body weight on echocardiographic measurements in 19.866 pure-bred cats with or without heart disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(5), 1601-1611. doi: 10.1111/jvim.14569
Hawthorne, A. J., Butterwick, R. F. (2000). Predicting the body composition of cats: development of a zoometric measurement for estimation of percentage body fat in cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 14(3), 349-365.Recuperado de https://eurekamag.com/research/035/534/035534976.php
Linder, D., & Mueller, M. (2014). Pet obesity management - beyond nutrition. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 44(4), 789-806. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.03.004
Litster, A. L., & Buchanan, J. W. (2000a). Radiographic and echocardiographic measurement of the heart in obese cats. Veterinary Radiology Ultrasound, 41(4), 320-325. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb02080.x
Litster, A. L., & Buchanan, J. W. (2000b). Vertebral scale system to measure heart size in radiographs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 216(2), 210-214. doi: 10.2460/javma.2000.216.210
Lund, E. M., Armstrong, P. J., Kirk, C. A., & Klausner, J. S. (2005). Prevalence and risk factors for obesity in adult dogs from private US veterinary practices. Internal Journal Applied Research Veterinary Medicine, 4(2), 177-186. Recuperado de http://jarvm.com/articles/Vol4Iss2/Lund.pdf
Mcardle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2003). Fisiologia do exercício: energia, nutrição e desenvolvimento humano (5nd ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan.
Messerli, F. H., Christie, B., Decarvalho, J. G. R., Aristimuno, G. G., Suarez, D. H., & Frohlich, E. D. (1981). Obesity and essential hypertension: hemodynamics, intravascular volume, sodium excretion and plasma rennin activity. Archives of Internal Medicine, 141(1), 81-85. doi: 10.1001/archinte.141.1.81
Statistical Analysis System Institute (2005). Inc. SAS/STAT 9.4. User's guide. Cary: SAS Publishing.
Toll, P. W., Yamka, R. M., Schoenherr, W. D., & Hand, M. S. (2010). Obesity. In M. S. Hand, C. D. Thatcher, R. L. Remillard, P. Roudebush, B. J. Novotny. Small animal clinical nutrition (5nd ed., pp.501-541). Topeka, Kansas: Mark Morris Institute.
Weeth, L. P. (2016). Other risks/possible benefits of obesity. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 46(5), 843-53. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.04.007
Zoran, D. L. (2009). Feline obesity: clinical recognition and management. Compendium on Continuing Education for Veterinarians, 31(6), 284-293. Recuperado de https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7494/ 2ad7b2e7fe5fec3cfcade55a01faf39e4fcf.pdf?_ga=2.8263409.215411449.1581081054-375132374. 1543523887
Zoran, D. L. (2010). Obesity in dogs and cats: a metabolic and endocrine disorder. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 40(2), 221-239. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.10.009
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Published
2020-03-06
How to Cite
Souza, F. B. de, Golino, D. V., Bonatelli, S. P., Alfonso, A., Mamprim, M. J., Balieiro, J. C. C., … Lourenço, M. L. G. (2020). Effect of obesity on ecocardiographic parameters and vertebral heart size (VHS) in cats. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(2), 493–504. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n2p493
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