Fresh yeast additives improve immune parameters and reduce respiratory disease in heifers finished in feedlots
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6Supl2p3177Keywords:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Oxidative metabolism, Pneumonia, Bovine.Abstract
Although cattle feedlot presents productive advantages, this management generates stress, which may impact immunity and increase the incidence of respiratory diseases. Because the immunostimulatory potential of yeasts, this study aimed to verify whether supplementation of cattle with fresh yeast promotes an increase in innate immunity and, consequently, reduces the occurrence of respiratory diseases in heifers finished in feedlots. A total of 32 heifers, finished in feedlots, were randomly divided into two treatments and 16 repetitions: A control group (n=16; 7 g day -1 per animal of corn kernel) and a yeast group (n=16, 7 g day -1 per animal of the commercial product with fresh yeast additive). At day 0, 16 days after acclimatisation to the feedlot, and at days 28, 56 and 84, leukogram, serum haptoglobin, oxidative metabolism neutrophil, and indicators of respiratory diseases (nasal temperatures, nasal secretion score, and histopathological examination of lung) were evaluated. The yeast group had lower blood neutrophil counts (P = 0.02), higher neutrophil oxidative metabolism (P = 0.04) than the control group after 56 days of confinement. There was a lower frequency of animals from the yeast group with purulent nasal secretion on days 28 and 84 (P = 0.0001 and 0.008) and with histopathological lesion of pneumonia at slaughter day (P = 0.0001). The yeast group also presented lower nasal temperatures than the control group on days 28 and 84 (P = 0.02 and P= 0.08). Thus, fresh yeast additives attenuated the effects of the feedlot system in the heifer immune system and contributed to a reduction of respiratory diseases.References
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Sato, S. (2015). Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge, ruminal condition and cellular immunity in cattle. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 63(1), 25-36. doi: 10.14943/jjvr.63.suppl.s25
Schaefer, A. L., Cook, N. J., Church, J. S., Basarab, J., Perry, B., Miller, C., & Tong, A. K. W. (2007). The use of infrared thermography as an early indicator of bovine respiratory disease complex in calves. Research Veterinary Science, 83(3), 376-384. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.01.008
Stadler, E. S., Jr., Santos, L. C., Bertagnon, H. G., Virmond, P. M., Souza, A. M., Mizubuti, I. Y.,… Neumann, M. (2019). Performance of feedlot cattle with inclusion of live yeast in the diet. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40(6), 1-16. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6p2733
Thompson, P. M., Stone, A., & Schultheiss, W. A. (2006). Use of treatment records and lung lesion scoring to estimate the effect of respiratory disease on growth during early and late finishing periods in South African feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 84(1), 488-498. doi: 10.2527/2006
Timsit, E., Bareille, N., Seegers, H., Lehebel, A., & Assié, S. (2011). Visually undetected fever episodes in newly received beef bulls at a fattening operation: occurrence, duration, and impact on performance. Journal of Animal Science, 89(12), 4272-4280. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-3892
Torquist, S. J., & Rigas, J. (2010). Interpretation of ruminant leukocyte responses. In O. W. Schalm, Schalm's veterinary hematology (6nd ed., pp. 307-313). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Tothova, C., Nagy, O., & Kovac, G. (2014). Acute phase proteins and their use in the diagnosis of diseases in ruminants: a review. Veterinarni Medicina, 59(1), 163-180. doi: 10.17221/7478-VETMED
Broadway, P. R., Carroll, J. A., & Sanchez, N. C. B. (2015). Live yeast and yeast cell wall supplements enhance immune function and performance in food-producing livestock: a review. Microorganisms, 3(3), 417-427. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms3030417
Burgos, R. A., Conejeros, I., Hidalgo, M. A., Werling, D., & Hermosill, A. (2011). Calcium influx, a new potential therapeutic target in the control of neutrophil-dependent inflammatory diseases in bovines. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 143(1), 1-10 doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.05.037
Callaway, E. S., & Martin, S. A. (1997). Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on ruminal bacteria that utilize lactato and digest cellulose. Journal of Dairy Science, 80(9), 2035-2044. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0 022-0302(97)76148-4
Ceribasi, A. O., Ozkaraca, M., Ceribasi, S., & Ozer, H. (2014). Histopathologic, immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent examinations on natural cattle pneumonia originated from Parainfluenza type 3, Respiratory Syncytial virus, Adenovirus type 3 and Herpesvirus type 1. Revue Médicine Véterinarya, 165(1), 201-212. Endereço eletrônico: www.researchgate.net/publication/266602240_Histopathologic_ immunoperoxidase_and_immunofluorescent_examinations_on_natural_cattle_pneumonia_originated_from_Parainfluenza_type_3_Respiratory_Syncytial_virus_Adenovirus_type_3_and_Herpesvirus_type_/citation/
Ceroni, V., Turmalaj, L., Lika, E., & Duro, S. (2012). Hematological indicators affected by the subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11(1), 1680-5593. doi: 10. 3923/javaa.2012.927.930
Choi, H. S., Kim, J. W., Cha, Y. N., & Kim, C. (2006). Quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium assay for determining intracellular superoxide anion production in phagocytic cells. Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, 27(1), 31-44. doi: 10.1080/15321810500403722
Cross, M. L. (2002). Microbes vs. Microbes: immune signals generated by probiotic lactobacilli and their roles in protection against microbial pathogens. Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 34(4), 545-553. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00632.x
Cusack, P., Mcmeniman, N., & Lean, I. (2003). The medicine and epidemiology of bovine respiratory disease in feedlots. Australian Veterinary Journal, 81(8), 480-487. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2003.tb 13367.x
Edwards, T. A. (2010). Control methods for bovine respiratory disease for feedlot cattle. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 26(2), 273-284. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2010.03.005
Enemark, J. M. D. (2008). The monitoring, prevention and treatment of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA): A review. The Veterinary Journal, 176(1), 32-43. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.021
Finck, D. N., Ribeiro, F. R. B., Burdick, N. C., Parr, S. L., Carroll, J. A., Young, T. R.,… Johnson, B. J. (2014). Yeast supplementation alters the performance and health status of receiving cattle. The Professional Animal Scientists, 30(3), 333-341. doi: 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30125-X
Hanthorn, C. J., Dewell, G. A., Dewell, R. D., Cooper, V. L., Wang, C., Plummer, P. J., & Lakritz, J. (2014). Serum concentrations of haptoglobin and haptoglobin-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Hp-MMP 9) complexes of bovine calves in a bacterial respiratory challenge model. BMC Veterinary Research, 10(1), 285-292. doi: 10.1186/s12917-014-0285-5
Keyser, S. A., McMeniman, J. P., Smith, D. R., McDonald, J. C., & Galyean, M. L. (2007). Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies boulardii CNCM I-1079 on feed intake by healthy beef cattle treated with florfenicol and on health and performance of newly received beef heifers. Journal of Animal Science, 85(5), 1264-1273. doi: 10.2527/jas.2006-751
Malafaia, P., Granato, T. A. L., & Costa, R. M. (2016). Major health problems and their economic impact on beef cattle under two different feedlot systems in Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 36(9), 837-843. doi: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000900008
Reck, A. M. (2017). Sanguinarine effects on steers’ innate immune system receiving a high energy diet. Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brasil.
Sato, S. (2015). Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge, ruminal condition and cellular immunity in cattle. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 63(1), 25-36. doi: 10.14943/jjvr.63.suppl.s25
Schaefer, A. L., Cook, N. J., Church, J. S., Basarab, J., Perry, B., Miller, C., & Tong, A. K. W. (2007). The use of infrared thermography as an early indicator of bovine respiratory disease complex in calves. Research Veterinary Science, 83(3), 376-384. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.01.008
Stadler, E. S., Jr., Santos, L. C., Bertagnon, H. G., Virmond, P. M., Souza, A. M., Mizubuti, I. Y.,… Neumann, M. (2019). Performance of feedlot cattle with inclusion of live yeast in the diet. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40(6), 1-16. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6p2733
Thompson, P. M., Stone, A., & Schultheiss, W. A. (2006). Use of treatment records and lung lesion scoring to estimate the effect of respiratory disease on growth during early and late finishing periods in South African feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 84(1), 488-498. doi: 10.2527/2006
Timsit, E., Bareille, N., Seegers, H., Lehebel, A., & Assié, S. (2011). Visually undetected fever episodes in newly received beef bulls at a fattening operation: occurrence, duration, and impact on performance. Journal of Animal Science, 89(12), 4272-4280. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-3892
Torquist, S. J., & Rigas, J. (2010). Interpretation of ruminant leukocyte responses. In O. W. Schalm, Schalm's veterinary hematology (6nd ed., pp. 307-313). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Tothova, C., Nagy, O., & Kovac, G. (2014). Acute phase proteins and their use in the diagnosis of diseases in ruminants: a review. Veterinarni Medicina, 59(1), 163-180. doi: 10.17221/7478-VETMED
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2020-11-06
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Virmond, M. P., Rossi, P. S., Antunes, A. V., Mattei, R. I., Schllemer, N. R., Thomaz, G. R., … Bertagnon, H. G. (2020). Fresh yeast additives improve immune parameters and reduce respiratory disease in heifers finished in feedlots. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(6Supl2), 3177–3188. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6Supl2p3177
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